The document discusses various definitions and characteristics of perception, including the differences between true perceptions, hallucinations, pseudo hallucinations, and fantasy imagery. It highlights the processes involved in perceiving external stimuli through sense organs and the brain, as well as the subjective experience of perception. Additionally, it emphasizes the behavioral relevance of perceptions and their dependence on individual states and memory.

1. Perception Dr Vijay Bhatia

2. Definitions
• Sense organ – bodily organ conveying external stimuli to
the sensory system
• Sense – ability to perceive or feel
• Perceive – apprehend with the mind or through one of
the senses, observe, notice, understand.

3. Perception characteristics
True Perceptions Hallucinations Pseudo
hallucinations
Fantasy
Imagery
Experience Is concrete, tangible, objective and real. Inner Eye Pictorial
Subjective
Location Outer objective space Inner Subjective
space
Definition Definite outlines, Complete sound Indefinite,
incomplete only
individual details.
Vividness Full, Fresh, Bright. Most elements are
dim or neutral
Constancy Retained Evanescent

4. Perceptions continued
True Perceptions Hallucinations Pseudo
hallucinations
Fantasy
Imagery
Independence from
volition
Cannot be dismissed, recalled or changed at
will
Requires Voluntary
creation
Insight Has quality of perception – no distinction
made between perception and
hallucinations
Fantasy has quality
of Idea
Behavioural
relevance
Relevant to emotions, needs, actions. Not relevant.
Sensory Modality Could experience in another modality Depends on
observer for
existence
Known to be
dependent on “My
abnormal state.”
Independent Dependent

5. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

6. Visual representation
• Object(Stimulus) ----Eye ---Brain ----Perceives as an
object,
• Recognises from memory
• Gives meaning, makes sense, colour, depth, 3D,
emotional significance
• Is it beautiful, scary, dislike, fearful, dangerous, feelings
of comfort or uncomforting
• Memory – with time, place, situation, people etc.

7. The End
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