How view is changed in mental disorders and cause mental illness.

1. View in Mental
Health
Dr Vijay Bhatia

2. View
• This involves perception of self and outside world including people,
events etc
• Accurate perception – not any distortion or deception.
• Reality and imagination or fantasy

3. Perception characteristics
True Perceptions Hallucinations Pseudo
hallucinations
Fantasy
Imagery
Experience Is concrete, tangible, objective and real. Inner Eye Pictorial
Subjective
Location Outer objective space Inner Subjective
space
Definition Definite outlines, Complete sound Indefinite,
incomplete only
individual details.
Vividness Full, Fresh, Bright. Most elements are
dim or neutral
Constancy Retained Evanescent

4. Perceptions continued
True Perceptions Hallucinations Pseudo
hallucinations
Fantasy
Imagery
Independence from
volition
Cannot be dismissed, recalled or changed at
will
Requires Voluntary
creation
Insight Has quality of perception – no distinction
made between perception and
hallucinations
Fantasy has quality
of Idea
Behavioural
relevance
Relevant to emotions, needs, actions. Not relevant.
Sensory Modality Could experience in another modality Depends on
observer for
existence
Known to be
dependent on “My
abnormal state.”
Independent Dependent

5. Learning from
experience, observations,
media, school, parents
about:
Self
Others
World
Environment
: internal and
external
Self environment learning
Human being
is a learning
machine.
Beliefs,
schemas,
convictions
Form memories Memories can be
triggered

6. View of Self – True view of self/False
view/assumed view.
• Who are you – identity, health – physical and mental, parents, culture,
society, good, bad, ugly. Morals, rights and wrongs.
• Self needs – food, shelter, safety, security, socialisation, actualisation.
• How to treat self and others.
• Dress, wash, look appropriate, smart, healthy.
• Work, colleagues, education, role in society.
• Caring, own rights.
• Do you view yourself vulnerable, others can abuse you.
• Are you independent, make own decisions, choose own paths, feel
confident and comfortable.

7. True/Valid – Is it what it is supposed to be?
• Face validity- just by looking, subjective.
• Content Validity – refers to judgement mostly by others.
• Criterion validity – measured with some gold standard.
• Concurrent: independent corroboration
• Predictive: predict future changes
• Construct Validity : measuring underlying concept it purports to
measure.
• Precision – ability to detect small changes.
• Responsiveness – to small changes

8. View of others
• How do you view others
• Trust others
• Feel safe from others
• Do others care for you, others and the world.
• Are you suspicious of others, can they abuse you, have they abuse
you in the past.

9. View of the World
• Is the world a safe place.
• Disasters, wars, storms, volcanoes, earthquakes
• Air around you
• Pollution
• Road safety
• Foods safety – polluted, too much fertilisation, pesticides, unhealthy
food
• Places for enjoyment – gambling, pubs, night clubs, sport activities.

10. Stress
• Resistance to stress
• Limitation in resistance
• Schemas can be triggered from the memory leading to stress, feeling
uncomfortable and affects emotions and behaviour.

11. Adaptability
• Environmental adaptability
• Need others to support and help adapt if stress is too much.

12. View in mental health
• There is positive view of self, others and the world in good mental
health.
• There is distorted or deceptive view of self, others and the world in
mental disorder.

13. The End
• Thanks for watching
• Press the Like button
• Subscribe the Channel
• Watch other videos in this channel