The document defines perception as the process by which sensory information is organized and interpreted by the brain. It discusses perception as involving three stages: sensation, where sensory organs receive stimuli; organization, where internal representations are formed; and identification/recognition, where meaning is assigned. The five senses - sight, hearing, touch, taste, and smell - are involved in perception. Different areas of the brain are responsible for various perceptual activities. Laws of perception, such as similarity, proximity, and closure, describe how stimuli are organized. Personal and socio-cultural factors can influence an individual's perception.

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Perception
By Mr. Jones H.M-MBA

2. Definitions
– Although intimately related, sensation and perception play
two complimentary but different roles in how we interpret
our world.
– Sensation refers to the process of sensing our environment
through touch, taste, sight, sound, and smell.
– This information is sent to our brains in raw form where
perception comes into play.
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3. – Perception is the way we interpret these sensations and
therefore make sense of everything around us.
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4. Definition cont
– Perception is the process by which sensory cerebral area
receives, organize and interpret patterns of stimuli from
within the body or from the environment. (Evryl E. Fisher
1994)
– Is the overall process of apprehending objects and
understand them, identify, label, and prepare to react to
them.
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5. Processes involved in
perception
– The process of perception is best understood when we
divide it into 3 stages i.e. sensation, organization and
identification or recognition of the objects.
– Sensation: Is the process by which stimulation of the
sensory organ receptors produces a neural impulses that
represents experiences inside or outside the body.
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6. Processes involved in perception
cont
– Perceptual organization: This refers to stage in which an
internal representation of an object is formed and a
percept of the external stimuli is developed. This
representation provide a working description of the
perceiver’s external environment.
 Perceptual organization provide estimate of the objects
size, shape, movement, distance and orientation
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7. Processes involved in perception
cont
 These estimates are based on mental computations that
integrate your past knowledge with the present evidence
received from your senses.
– Identification and recognition: This means assigning
meaning to the percept (Percept is what a person
perceives)
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8. Processes involved in
perception cont
 For example circular object become as balls, coins, clocks,
oranges and moons. People may also be identified as male
or females, friend or enemies.
 To identify the object the person asks himself a ”what is
this object?” and a question of recognition” what is the
objects function?”
 These questions may help to identify and recognize the
object or situation.
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9. Sensory organs involved in
perception
– All the five sense organ are involved in perception. The
organs include:
– The Eyes: sense of sight
– The Ear: sense of hearing
– The skin: Sense of touch
– The tongue: Sense of taste
– The nose: sense of smell
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10. Areas responsible for various
activities
– Sensory awareness- Parietal lobe
– Vision- Occipital lobe
– Hearing- Temporal lobe
– Reasoning, learning and self control-Frontal lobe
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11. Areas responsible for various
activities
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12. Laws of perception
– It states that when you are confronted with a perceptual
field that is disorganized the first reaction is to try and
impose some order on it i.e. give it a pattern.
– This law has some sub laws which include the following;
 Law of similarity: It stipulate that things that are similar will
be grouped together
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13. Laws of perception
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14. Laws of perception cont
 Law of proximity : It state that things that are near each
other tend to be associated with each other.
 Law of continuity: When things are arranged in a complete
figure they are perceived better.
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15. Laws of perception cont
 Law of closure: When something has gaps in it, you tend to
complete the gap to complete the figure and make it more
meaningful
 Law of membership character: Things which are in an
environment where they are different they are perceived
easily
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16. Factors influencing
perception
– Personal: perception will be influenced by your personal
experiences. for example when you are given a
disorganized perceptual field your first attempt will be to
impose some order.
 The order may be influenced be personal factors such as
experience.
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17. Factors influencing perception
cont
– Socio cultural: Culture and society will influence
perception.
 For example when a boy who lives in the village is asked to
draw a house he or she may draw hut because that is what
he/she sees in its social cultural environment
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18. The End
Thankyouforyourattention
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