This document summarizes key concepts from Chapter 3 on perception and attribution. [1] It defines perception as how people select, organize, interpret, and respond to information from their environment. [2] The perceptual process involves observation, selection, organization, interpretation, and response. [3] Common perceptual errors discussed include stereotyping, halo effect, projection, and expectancy effects.
Perception is important for understanding individual differences because how people perceived a situation determines how people behave. Perception is part of that personal dimension that makes people see situations differently as well as shapes their attitude in terms of their work environment. This lesson seeks to help students:
1. describe the major elements of the perceptual process;
2. identify the main factors that influence what individual perceive; and
3. Identify factors that determine how one person perceives another.
Perception is important for understanding individual differences because how people perceived a situation determines how people behave. Perception is part of that personal dimension that makes people see situations differently as well as shapes their attitude in terms of their work environment. This lesson seeks to help students:
1. describe the major elements of the perceptual process;
2. identify the main factors that influence what individual perceive; and
3. Identify factors that determine how one person perceives another.
WILL COVER
COMMON SENSE PSYCHOLOGY
CORRESPONDENT INFERENCE THEORY
COVARIENCE MODEL
CONSENSUS
CONSISTENCY
DISTINCTIVENESS
FUNDAMENTAL ATTRIBUTION ERROR
ACTOR OBSERVER EFFECT
SELF SERVING BIAS
AND APPLICATIONS
Perception: The process by which sensory information is actively organized and interpreted by the brain.
Factors of Perception.
Kinds of Perception
Laws of Perceptual Organisation
Types of Perceptual Constancy
Illusion:Something that looks or seems different from what it is something that is false or not real but that seems to be true or real.
All above information is included in presentation/
Good Luck
Theories of personality, psychology, Characteristics Of Personality, Factors Influencing Personality Development, Purpose Of Personality Theories, Theories Of Personality’s Types, Jung's Personality Theory, Jung’s Eight Personality Types, Adler's Personality Theory, Adler's Psychological Types, GORDON ALLPORT’s TRAIT THEORIES, IN PSYCHOLOGY AND SOCIAL WORK PRACTICE, presentation,
WILL COVER
COMMON SENSE PSYCHOLOGY
CORRESPONDENT INFERENCE THEORY
COVARIENCE MODEL
CONSENSUS
CONSISTENCY
DISTINCTIVENESS
FUNDAMENTAL ATTRIBUTION ERROR
ACTOR OBSERVER EFFECT
SELF SERVING BIAS
AND APPLICATIONS
Perception: The process by which sensory information is actively organized and interpreted by the brain.
Factors of Perception.
Kinds of Perception
Laws of Perceptual Organisation
Types of Perceptual Constancy
Illusion:Something that looks or seems different from what it is something that is false or not real but that seems to be true or real.
All above information is included in presentation/
Good Luck
Theories of personality, psychology, Characteristics Of Personality, Factors Influencing Personality Development, Purpose Of Personality Theories, Theories Of Personality’s Types, Jung's Personality Theory, Jung’s Eight Personality Types, Adler's Personality Theory, Adler's Psychological Types, GORDON ALLPORT’s TRAIT THEORIES, IN PSYCHOLOGY AND SOCIAL WORK PRACTICE, presentation,
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Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
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And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
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Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
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Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
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https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
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Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
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What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
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Assuring Contact Center Experiences for Your Customers With ThousandEyes
Perception
1. Chapter 3
Understanding Perceptions and Attributions
The Perceptual Process* (esp. Figure 3.1, p. 68)
Perceptual Selection*
Person Perception*
Perceptual Errors*
Attributions: Perceived Causes of Behavior*
Exercise: Truth or Consequences?
1
2. Perception
Definition: The process by which people select,
organize, interpret, and respond to information
from the world around them.
Perception (consciously and unconsciously) involves
searching for, obtaining, and processing information in
the mind in an attempt to make sense of the world
Selection and organization often account for
differences in interpretation/perception between
individuals observing the same stimuli
2
4. Concepts Manifest in the Princeton Case
Selective Screening: the process by which people filter
out most information so they can deal with the most
important matters
Perceptual Set: an expectation of a perception based on
past experience with the same or similar objects
Pollyanna Principle: the notion that pleasant stimuli are
processed more efficiently and accurately than unpleasant
stimuli; an effect of motivation on perception
Perceptual Grouping: tendency to form individual stimuli
into a meaningful pattern by continuity, closure, proximity,
or similarity
4
5. Person Perception
Definition: the process by which individuals
attribute characteristics or traits to other people;
closely related to attribution
Implicit personality theories: personal beliefs
about the relationships among other’s physical
characteristics, personality traits, and specific
behaviors
Impression Management: the attempt people
make to manipulate or control the impressions
others form about them
5
6. Common Perceptual Errors
Perceptual defense: the tendency for people to protect
themselves against ideas, objects, or situations that are
threatening
Stereotyping: the tendency to assign attributes to someone
solely on the basis of the category of people, of which that
person is a member
Halo effect: the process by which the perceiver evaluates
another person solely on the basis of one attribute, either
favorable or unfavorable
Projection: the tendency for people to see their own traits in
others
Expectancy effects: extent to which expectations bias how
events, objects, and people are actually perceived
Self-fulfilling prophecy: expecting certain things to happen will
shape the behavior of the perceiver in such a way that the expected
is more likely to happen
6
7. Nature of the Attribution Process*
Definition: The ways in which people come to understand
the causes of their own and others’ behaviors
Most often an unconscious process (i.e., people are not
normally aware of making attributions)
People are constantly attributing the behavior of themselves
and others to either internal (i.e., personal) or external
(i.e., situational) causes.
7
8. The Attribution Process
Antecedents-- •Information
factors internal •Beliefs
to the perceiver •Motivation
•Perceived external
Attributions made by the perceiver or internal causes
of behavior
•Behavior
Consequences for the perceiver •Feelings
•Expectations
8
9. Theory of Causal Attributions
Consistency
s Does person usually Ye
Ye s
behave this way in
this situation?
Distinctiveness
External Attribution Does person behave Internal Attribution
No
(to person’s situation) Yes differently in different (to person’s disposition)
situations?
Consensus
Ye
s Do others behave No
similarly in this
situation?
9
10. Frequent Attribution Errors*
Fundamental Attribution Error = overestimating the
personal causes for other’s behavior while underestimating
the situational causes
Self-Serving Bias = attributing personal success to internal
factors and personal failure to external factors
10