PEDI GU REVIEW-perinatal emergencies i
•Download as PPT, PDF•
6 likes•1,450 views
The document discusses various perinatal emergencies involving the urinary tract including obstruction, neural tube defects, solid masses, and intersex disorders. It outlines evaluation and treatment approaches for conditions diagnosed during the antenatal period such as bladder exstrophy, prune belly syndrome, and myelodysplasia. The document also covers evaluation and management of scrotal masses, pediatric scrotal tumors, and various intersex disorders including congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
Report
Share
Report
Share
![Antenatal Period ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
Recommended
PEDI GU REVIEW oncology i
- A newborn boy presented with a large, firm left flank mass found on physical examination. An ultrasound revealed a solid renal mass.
- The most likely diagnosis is congenital mesoblastic nephroma (CMN), a rare renal tumor that typically presents in infants less than 3 months old as a painless abdominal or flank mass.
- CMN is usually benign and curable with surgical excision alone, though cellular variants and incomplete resection can cause more aggressive behavior.
Pedi gu review laparoscopy
1. Pediatric laparoscopy can impact the cardiovascular, pulmonary, and renal systems due to increased abdominal pressure from insufflation and positioning effects. Close monitoring is important, especially in patients with preexisting conditions.
2. Initial trocar insertion poses a risk of visceral or vascular injury. Direct visualization techniques like the Hasson method or optical trocars may reduce risks compared to blind insertion. Careful attention to anatomy and technique is important to prevent complications.
3. Potential complications include access injuries, gas embolism, pain, and port site hernias. Injuries are most common during initial access and prompt recognition and treatment is important to manage risks.
Pedi gu review transplantation
Pediatric kidney transplantation has improved significantly over the past decade. Living donors provide better outcomes than deceased donors, with steady improvements in short and long-term graft survival rates. Around 33% of pediatric transplant patients require urologic surgery like augmentation or catheterizable channels before transplantation. Careful medical evaluation of both recipients and living donors is essential to maximize outcomes. Post-transplant care involves immunosuppression, infection prophylaxis, and management of potential urologic complications.
PEDI GU REVIEW-External Genitalia
This document discusses abnormalities of the external genitalia in pediatric patients, including hypospadias, cryptorchidism, micropenis, intersex conditions, hernias and hydroceles, testicular torsion, and varicoceles. It covers the etiology, evaluation, classification, management, and complications of these conditions.
Pedi gu review ureteral anomalies i
The document discusses various ureteral anomalies in children, including ureteroceles and megaureters. It covers the demographics, diagnosis, and treatment options for these conditions. Treatment goals are preservation of renal function, elimination of infection/obstruction, and maintenance of continence, with minimization of surgical morbidity. Options discussed include observation, endoscopic versus open surgical procedures, and complete reconstruction depending on factors like severity of reflux and hydronephrosis. Outcomes of different surgical techniques are compared based on studies.
Posterior urethral valves- Pediatric Surgery
POSTERIOR URETHRAL VALVES- Pediatric Surgery
• Dear viewers,
• Greetings from “ Surgical Educator”
• Today I have uploaded one more video in Pediatric Surgery/Pediatric Urology- “ Posterior Urethral Valves”
• Posterior Urethral Valves is the congenital cause for Bladder Outlet Obstruction, resulting in abnormal development of the kidneys as well as the bladder.
• In this video, I talked about the learning outcomes, introduction, etiopathogenesis, clinical features, investigations, differential diagnosis, treatment, follow-up and prognosis of “ Posterior Urethral Valves”
• I hope you will enjoy the video for its educational value.
• You can watch all my teaching videos in the following links
• surgicaleducator.blogspot.com youtube.com/c/surgicaleducator
• Thank you for watching the video.
Undescended Testis (UDT)
Undescended testis, or cryptorchidism, refers to the absence of one or both testes from the normal scrotal position. It occurs in 1-4% of full-term and 1-45% of preterm newborn boys. The specific cause is often unknown, but risk factors include prematurity and maternal estrogen exposure. Diagnosis involves examination to locate any undescended testes. Early surgical treatment before age 18 months is recommended to preserve fertility and reduce cancer risks. Options include inguinal or abdominal orchidopexy. Long term risks include reduced sperm counts and increased testicular cancer risk.
Cryptorchidism--(Undescended testis)
Commonest cause for empty scrotum is undescended testis. Proper education of physicians and parents regarding timing of surgery is mandatory to avoid serious consequences.
Recommended
PEDI GU REVIEW oncology i
- A newborn boy presented with a large, firm left flank mass found on physical examination. An ultrasound revealed a solid renal mass.
- The most likely diagnosis is congenital mesoblastic nephroma (CMN), a rare renal tumor that typically presents in infants less than 3 months old as a painless abdominal or flank mass.
- CMN is usually benign and curable with surgical excision alone, though cellular variants and incomplete resection can cause more aggressive behavior.
Pedi gu review laparoscopy
1. Pediatric laparoscopy can impact the cardiovascular, pulmonary, and renal systems due to increased abdominal pressure from insufflation and positioning effects. Close monitoring is important, especially in patients with preexisting conditions.
2. Initial trocar insertion poses a risk of visceral or vascular injury. Direct visualization techniques like the Hasson method or optical trocars may reduce risks compared to blind insertion. Careful attention to anatomy and technique is important to prevent complications.
3. Potential complications include access injuries, gas embolism, pain, and port site hernias. Injuries are most common during initial access and prompt recognition and treatment is important to manage risks.
Pedi gu review transplantation
Pediatric kidney transplantation has improved significantly over the past decade. Living donors provide better outcomes than deceased donors, with steady improvements in short and long-term graft survival rates. Around 33% of pediatric transplant patients require urologic surgery like augmentation or catheterizable channels before transplantation. Careful medical evaluation of both recipients and living donors is essential to maximize outcomes. Post-transplant care involves immunosuppression, infection prophylaxis, and management of potential urologic complications.
PEDI GU REVIEW-External Genitalia
This document discusses abnormalities of the external genitalia in pediatric patients, including hypospadias, cryptorchidism, micropenis, intersex conditions, hernias and hydroceles, testicular torsion, and varicoceles. It covers the etiology, evaluation, classification, management, and complications of these conditions.
Pedi gu review ureteral anomalies i
The document discusses various ureteral anomalies in children, including ureteroceles and megaureters. It covers the demographics, diagnosis, and treatment options for these conditions. Treatment goals are preservation of renal function, elimination of infection/obstruction, and maintenance of continence, with minimization of surgical morbidity. Options discussed include observation, endoscopic versus open surgical procedures, and complete reconstruction depending on factors like severity of reflux and hydronephrosis. Outcomes of different surgical techniques are compared based on studies.
Posterior urethral valves- Pediatric Surgery
POSTERIOR URETHRAL VALVES- Pediatric Surgery
• Dear viewers,
• Greetings from “ Surgical Educator”
• Today I have uploaded one more video in Pediatric Surgery/Pediatric Urology- “ Posterior Urethral Valves”
• Posterior Urethral Valves is the congenital cause for Bladder Outlet Obstruction, resulting in abnormal development of the kidneys as well as the bladder.
• In this video, I talked about the learning outcomes, introduction, etiopathogenesis, clinical features, investigations, differential diagnosis, treatment, follow-up and prognosis of “ Posterior Urethral Valves”
• I hope you will enjoy the video for its educational value.
• You can watch all my teaching videos in the following links
• surgicaleducator.blogspot.com youtube.com/c/surgicaleducator
• Thank you for watching the video.
Undescended Testis (UDT)
Undescended testis, or cryptorchidism, refers to the absence of one or both testes from the normal scrotal position. It occurs in 1-4% of full-term and 1-45% of preterm newborn boys. The specific cause is often unknown, but risk factors include prematurity and maternal estrogen exposure. Diagnosis involves examination to locate any undescended testes. Early surgical treatment before age 18 months is recommended to preserve fertility and reduce cancer risks. Options include inguinal or abdominal orchidopexy. Long term risks include reduced sperm counts and increased testicular cancer risk.
Cryptorchidism--(Undescended testis)
Commonest cause for empty scrotum is undescended testis. Proper education of physicians and parents regarding timing of surgery is mandatory to avoid serious consequences.
Recent trends in management of undescended testes
This document discusses recent trends in the management of undescended testes. It begins with definitions and prevalence rates of undescended testes. It then covers the development of the testes, the phases of testicular descent, and factors that can affect descent. Risk factors for undescended testes like genetics, syndromes, and environmental exposures are outlined. Complications include reduced fertility, torsion, and testicular cancer. Diagnostic tools like ultrasound, CT, MRI, and laparoscopy are discussed. Management includes hormonal therapy or surgical orchiopexy depending on factors like age and palpability. Surgical techniques for orchiopexy like inguinal and trans-scrotal approaches are described.
evaluation of Undescended testes
This document discusses undescended testes (UDT), beginning with the normal embryological descent of the testes from the abdomen into the scrotum. UDT occurs when this descent is halted and can result in increased risks of malignancy, infertility, torsion and hernia. Clinical presentation of UDT varies depending on whether the testes are palpable or impalpable. Management involves hormonal therapy, imaging, and surgical orchidopexy before age 2 to minimize risks. Complications of UDT include increased risks of testicular cancer, torsion, hernia, and infertility.
Exeter Surgical Society: Paediatric surgery
This document discusses several pediatric gastrointestinal conditions:
- Testicular torsion presents with severe testicular or abdominal pain and requires surgical fixation following reduction to prevent recurrence.
- Exomphalos involves intestinal loops protruding in a sac through an abdominal wall defect, with prognosis depending on associated anomalies.
- Gastroschisis has intestines protruding without a sac and fewer associated anomalies.
- Pyloric stenosis causes projectile vomiting in infants around 6 weeks and is treated surgically.
Undescended testes
1. An undescended testicle is a testicle that fails to descend into the scrotum before birth.
2. While many undescended testicles will descend on their own in the first few months of life, surgery may be needed to relocate undescended testicles into the scrotum.
3. Risk factors for undescended testicles include prematurity, low birth weight, genetic conditions like Down syndrome, and hormonal abnormalities.
Hinduja Hospital Webinar on Understanding Undescended Testis
Hinduja hospital conducts regular webinars and tweetinars to help online users get medical advice from expert doctors of hinduja hospital. A similar webinar was conducted by hinduja hospital on undescended testis under guidance of Dr. Rasik Shah.
Have you observed a testicular deformation in your infant that doesn't correct itself? Do you know the common problem for which child may need surgery that is related with the descent and final position of testis? Approximately 1% of the children needs surgery for abnormal location of the testis.
To know more about Reproductive Deformities in Male Child and its treatment join talk by our expert in Pediatric Surgeon.
To know about upcoming webinars sign up at http://www.hindujahospital.com/communityportal/webinar/
Prune belly syndrome
Prune-belly syndrome is a rare condition characterized by three main findings: deficient abdominal wall muscles, undescended testes, and urinary tract anomalies. It is caused by abnormalities in the development of the urinary and genital systems. Affected individuals can have a wide range of urinary tract defects from mild hydronephrosis to severe kidney dysplasia. Treatment involves surgical reconstruction of the urinary tract and abdominal wall, with long-term outcomes dependent on the severity of renal anomalies.
Cryptorchidism (Undescended Testes)
Columbia Urology Grand Rounds 11/11/15 - Cryptorchidism: Evaluation, consequences and contemporary management
Cryptorchidism
An undescended testicle occurs when one or both testicles fail to descend into the scrotum before birth. Risk factors include premature birth and family history. Left uncorrected, it can lead to fertility issues and higher cancer risk. Treatment typically involves surgery to manually position the testicle in the scrotum. After surgery, doctors monitor the testicle's development and positioning.
UNDESCENDED TESTIS/CRYPTORCHIDISM(CONGENITAL ANOMALY OF GENITOURINARY SYSTEM)
This document discusses undescended testis (cryptorchidism). It defines cryptorchidism as the failure of one or both testes to descend into the scrotum. It provides information on incidence, risk factors, theories of pathogenesis, types of undescended testis, clinical features, diagnosis involving physical exam and potential medical imaging and lab tests, complications such as cancer risk, and treatment typically involving surgery to bring the testicle into the scrotum. The goal of treatment is to lower risks of future fertility problems or testicular cancer.
Ultrasound markers of aneuploidy
Ultrasound can detect several markers of fetal aneuploidy including increased nuchal translucency, thickened nuchal fold, cystic hygroma, hypoplastic nasal bone, echogenic intracardiac focus, choroid plexus cysts, ventriculomegaly, and hyper echogenic bowel. The presence of these markers increases the risk of aneuploidies like Down syndrome, Trisomy 18, and Monosomy X depending on the specific marker and gestational age. Ultrasound examination between 18-22 weeks provides the best assessment of fetal anatomy and detection of these markers.
Mullerian anomalies
This document discusses Mullerian anomalies/defects, which range from agenesis to duplication of the tubes, uterus, cervix and upper vagina. It covers the classification system used (AFS), incidence, etiology, genetics, embryogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis using imaging modalies like HSG, USG and MRI, and management of various anomalies like unicornuate uterus, didelphys, bicornuate, septate and arcuate uterus. Complications in reproduction from each anomaly and outcomes of treatments like metroplasty are also summarized. Diethylstilbestrol exposure related abnormalities are briefly discussed.
Undescended testis , Guidelines for managment
Updated guidelines on the management undescended testis
;
Incidence/ Etiology.
Genes and syndromes.
Retractile Testis.
Laboratory.
Role of imaging.
Hormonal treatment.
Surgery .
Complications.
Congenital malformations rs
This document discusses congenital malformations of the female genital tract. It begins by outlining the normal development of the Mullerian ducts and Wolffian ducts. It then describes various types of malformations that can occur due to abnormalities in this development, including aplasia, hypoplasia, atresia, nonfusion, hermaphroditism and others. Specific conditions like vaginal atresia, imperforate hymen, and uterine fusion defects are explained. The clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of some of these congenital anomalies are provided.
Empty scrotum
a ppt presentation on the approach towards one of the commonest congenital anomalies in male newborns.
Undescended Testis- Cryptorchidism
1. Undescended testis, or cryptorchidism, occurs when one or both testes fail to descend into the scrotum. This is a common genital abnormality in boys.
2. Cryptorchidism increases the risks of infertility and testicular cancer later in life. The failure of testes to descend properly can lead to degeneration of germ cells and impaired sperm production.
3. Treatment involves hormone therapy or surgery to bring the undescended testes into the scrotum. This is done to preserve fertility and reduce cancer risks. Timely treatment is important for normal testicular development.
Updated mx of ut fibroids
Uterine fibroids are benign tumors that develop from the muscular layer of the uterus. They are quite common, affecting 20-40% of women. While the exact cause is unknown, risk factors include genetic factors, hormones, and growth factors. Fibroids can be asymptomatic or cause heavy bleeding, pain, and pressure symptoms. Diagnosis involves physical exam, ultrasound, MRI and other imaging tests. Treatment options range from observation and medication to minimally invasive procedures like uterine artery embolization and myolysis to more invasive options like myomectomy and hysterectomy. Fibroids may also complicate pregnancy by increasing risks of miscarriage, preterm labor, and difficult delivery. Their removal during c-section is sometimes recommended if interfering
Imaging in infertility
includes imaging modalities and asssociated findings in different pathologies of male and female factor of infertility
Undescended Testis
Undescended testis, or cryptorchidism, is a common condition in infants where one or both testes fail to descend into the scrotum. It occurs in approximately 3% of term male infants and is more common in premature infants. Left untreated, undescended testis can lead to infertility and an increased risk of testicular cancer. The standard treatment is orchidopexy surgery to bring the testis into the scrotum, which is usually performed between 6-12 months of age. For intra-abdominal undescended testes, a two-stage surgical approach may be used.
Adenxal torsion
Partial or complete rotation of the adnexa on its vascular pedicle.
It can involve
Ovary
fallopian tube, or
both.
Isolated fallopian tube torsion is uncommon in any age group
Undecended testes
This document discusses undescended testes (cryptorchidism), which is when one or both testes fail to descend into the scrotum. It describes the normal development of the testes and how they are meant to descend into the scrotum in the womb. Undescended testes can be caused by hormonal issues or physical abnormalities that prevent descent. Ultrasound or MRI is used to diagnose undescended testes. Surgery called an orchiopexy is usually performed between 6-18 months to bring the testes into the scrotum, and patients should have regular checkups after to monitor development.
PEDI GU REVIEW lower tract i
This document provides an overview of congenital disorders of the lower urinary tract, with a focus on vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). It discusses the anatomy and causes of VUR, risk factors for urinary tract infections, and non-surgical management approaches like antibiotic prophylaxis, bladder training, and treatment of voiding dysfunction. Expectant management may be appropriate for some cases, with periodic screening and assessment of reflux and kidney health over time.
Pedi gu review uti and vur
- UTI is the second most common bacterial infection in children, with E. coli being the most common causative organism. Infants under 1 year old and females over 1 year old are more susceptible to UTIs.
- Risk factors for UTI include perineal colonization by intestinal flora, dysfunctional voiding, constipation, and presence of VUR. VUR increases the risk of renal scarring from UTIs.
- Treatment of UTIs depends on whether it is cystitis or pyelonephritis. Children under 5 with a UTI should be evaluated for VUR with a cystogram. The goal is to identify reflux and reduce risk of renal scarring through prophylactic
More Related Content
What's hot
Recent trends in management of undescended testes
This document discusses recent trends in the management of undescended testes. It begins with definitions and prevalence rates of undescended testes. It then covers the development of the testes, the phases of testicular descent, and factors that can affect descent. Risk factors for undescended testes like genetics, syndromes, and environmental exposures are outlined. Complications include reduced fertility, torsion, and testicular cancer. Diagnostic tools like ultrasound, CT, MRI, and laparoscopy are discussed. Management includes hormonal therapy or surgical orchiopexy depending on factors like age and palpability. Surgical techniques for orchiopexy like inguinal and trans-scrotal approaches are described.
evaluation of Undescended testes
This document discusses undescended testes (UDT), beginning with the normal embryological descent of the testes from the abdomen into the scrotum. UDT occurs when this descent is halted and can result in increased risks of malignancy, infertility, torsion and hernia. Clinical presentation of UDT varies depending on whether the testes are palpable or impalpable. Management involves hormonal therapy, imaging, and surgical orchidopexy before age 2 to minimize risks. Complications of UDT include increased risks of testicular cancer, torsion, hernia, and infertility.
Exeter Surgical Society: Paediatric surgery
This document discusses several pediatric gastrointestinal conditions:
- Testicular torsion presents with severe testicular or abdominal pain and requires surgical fixation following reduction to prevent recurrence.
- Exomphalos involves intestinal loops protruding in a sac through an abdominal wall defect, with prognosis depending on associated anomalies.
- Gastroschisis has intestines protruding without a sac and fewer associated anomalies.
- Pyloric stenosis causes projectile vomiting in infants around 6 weeks and is treated surgically.
Undescended testes
1. An undescended testicle is a testicle that fails to descend into the scrotum before birth.
2. While many undescended testicles will descend on their own in the first few months of life, surgery may be needed to relocate undescended testicles into the scrotum.
3. Risk factors for undescended testicles include prematurity, low birth weight, genetic conditions like Down syndrome, and hormonal abnormalities.
Hinduja Hospital Webinar on Understanding Undescended Testis
Hinduja hospital conducts regular webinars and tweetinars to help online users get medical advice from expert doctors of hinduja hospital. A similar webinar was conducted by hinduja hospital on undescended testis under guidance of Dr. Rasik Shah.
Have you observed a testicular deformation in your infant that doesn't correct itself? Do you know the common problem for which child may need surgery that is related with the descent and final position of testis? Approximately 1% of the children needs surgery for abnormal location of the testis.
To know more about Reproductive Deformities in Male Child and its treatment join talk by our expert in Pediatric Surgeon.
To know about upcoming webinars sign up at http://www.hindujahospital.com/communityportal/webinar/
Prune belly syndrome
Prune-belly syndrome is a rare condition characterized by three main findings: deficient abdominal wall muscles, undescended testes, and urinary tract anomalies. It is caused by abnormalities in the development of the urinary and genital systems. Affected individuals can have a wide range of urinary tract defects from mild hydronephrosis to severe kidney dysplasia. Treatment involves surgical reconstruction of the urinary tract and abdominal wall, with long-term outcomes dependent on the severity of renal anomalies.
Cryptorchidism (Undescended Testes)
Columbia Urology Grand Rounds 11/11/15 - Cryptorchidism: Evaluation, consequences and contemporary management
Cryptorchidism
An undescended testicle occurs when one or both testicles fail to descend into the scrotum before birth. Risk factors include premature birth and family history. Left uncorrected, it can lead to fertility issues and higher cancer risk. Treatment typically involves surgery to manually position the testicle in the scrotum. After surgery, doctors monitor the testicle's development and positioning.
UNDESCENDED TESTIS/CRYPTORCHIDISM(CONGENITAL ANOMALY OF GENITOURINARY SYSTEM)
This document discusses undescended testis (cryptorchidism). It defines cryptorchidism as the failure of one or both testes to descend into the scrotum. It provides information on incidence, risk factors, theories of pathogenesis, types of undescended testis, clinical features, diagnosis involving physical exam and potential medical imaging and lab tests, complications such as cancer risk, and treatment typically involving surgery to bring the testicle into the scrotum. The goal of treatment is to lower risks of future fertility problems or testicular cancer.
Ultrasound markers of aneuploidy
Ultrasound can detect several markers of fetal aneuploidy including increased nuchal translucency, thickened nuchal fold, cystic hygroma, hypoplastic nasal bone, echogenic intracardiac focus, choroid plexus cysts, ventriculomegaly, and hyper echogenic bowel. The presence of these markers increases the risk of aneuploidies like Down syndrome, Trisomy 18, and Monosomy X depending on the specific marker and gestational age. Ultrasound examination between 18-22 weeks provides the best assessment of fetal anatomy and detection of these markers.
Mullerian anomalies
This document discusses Mullerian anomalies/defects, which range from agenesis to duplication of the tubes, uterus, cervix and upper vagina. It covers the classification system used (AFS), incidence, etiology, genetics, embryogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis using imaging modalies like HSG, USG and MRI, and management of various anomalies like unicornuate uterus, didelphys, bicornuate, septate and arcuate uterus. Complications in reproduction from each anomaly and outcomes of treatments like metroplasty are also summarized. Diethylstilbestrol exposure related abnormalities are briefly discussed.
Undescended testis , Guidelines for managment
Updated guidelines on the management undescended testis
;
Incidence/ Etiology.
Genes and syndromes.
Retractile Testis.
Laboratory.
Role of imaging.
Hormonal treatment.
Surgery .
Complications.
Congenital malformations rs
This document discusses congenital malformations of the female genital tract. It begins by outlining the normal development of the Mullerian ducts and Wolffian ducts. It then describes various types of malformations that can occur due to abnormalities in this development, including aplasia, hypoplasia, atresia, nonfusion, hermaphroditism and others. Specific conditions like vaginal atresia, imperforate hymen, and uterine fusion defects are explained. The clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of some of these congenital anomalies are provided.
Empty scrotum
a ppt presentation on the approach towards one of the commonest congenital anomalies in male newborns.
Undescended Testis- Cryptorchidism
1. Undescended testis, or cryptorchidism, occurs when one or both testes fail to descend into the scrotum. This is a common genital abnormality in boys.
2. Cryptorchidism increases the risks of infertility and testicular cancer later in life. The failure of testes to descend properly can lead to degeneration of germ cells and impaired sperm production.
3. Treatment involves hormone therapy or surgery to bring the undescended testes into the scrotum. This is done to preserve fertility and reduce cancer risks. Timely treatment is important for normal testicular development.
Updated mx of ut fibroids
Uterine fibroids are benign tumors that develop from the muscular layer of the uterus. They are quite common, affecting 20-40% of women. While the exact cause is unknown, risk factors include genetic factors, hormones, and growth factors. Fibroids can be asymptomatic or cause heavy bleeding, pain, and pressure symptoms. Diagnosis involves physical exam, ultrasound, MRI and other imaging tests. Treatment options range from observation and medication to minimally invasive procedures like uterine artery embolization and myolysis to more invasive options like myomectomy and hysterectomy. Fibroids may also complicate pregnancy by increasing risks of miscarriage, preterm labor, and difficult delivery. Their removal during c-section is sometimes recommended if interfering
Imaging in infertility
includes imaging modalities and asssociated findings in different pathologies of male and female factor of infertility
Undescended Testis
Undescended testis, or cryptorchidism, is a common condition in infants where one or both testes fail to descend into the scrotum. It occurs in approximately 3% of term male infants and is more common in premature infants. Left untreated, undescended testis can lead to infertility and an increased risk of testicular cancer. The standard treatment is orchidopexy surgery to bring the testis into the scrotum, which is usually performed between 6-12 months of age. For intra-abdominal undescended testes, a two-stage surgical approach may be used.
Adenxal torsion
Partial or complete rotation of the adnexa on its vascular pedicle.
It can involve
Ovary
fallopian tube, or
both.
Isolated fallopian tube torsion is uncommon in any age group
Undecended testes
This document discusses undescended testes (cryptorchidism), which is when one or both testes fail to descend into the scrotum. It describes the normal development of the testes and how they are meant to descend into the scrotum in the womb. Undescended testes can be caused by hormonal issues or physical abnormalities that prevent descent. Ultrasound or MRI is used to diagnose undescended testes. Surgery called an orchiopexy is usually performed between 6-18 months to bring the testes into the scrotum, and patients should have regular checkups after to monitor development.
What's hot (20)
Hinduja Hospital Webinar on Understanding Undescended Testis
Hinduja Hospital Webinar on Understanding Undescended Testis
UNDESCENDED TESTIS/CRYPTORCHIDISM(CONGENITAL ANOMALY OF GENITOURINARY SYSTEM)
UNDESCENDED TESTIS/CRYPTORCHIDISM(CONGENITAL ANOMALY OF GENITOURINARY SYSTEM)
Viewers also liked
PEDI GU REVIEW lower tract i
This document provides an overview of congenital disorders of the lower urinary tract, with a focus on vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). It discusses the anatomy and causes of VUR, risk factors for urinary tract infections, and non-surgical management approaches like antibiotic prophylaxis, bladder training, and treatment of voiding dysfunction. Expectant management may be appropriate for some cases, with periodic screening and assessment of reflux and kidney health over time.
Pedi gu review uti and vur
- UTI is the second most common bacterial infection in children, with E. coli being the most common causative organism. Infants under 1 year old and females over 1 year old are more susceptible to UTIs.
- Risk factors for UTI include perineal colonization by intestinal flora, dysfunctional voiding, constipation, and presence of VUR. VUR increases the risk of renal scarring from UTIs.
- Treatment of UTIs depends on whether it is cystitis or pyelonephritis. Children under 5 with a UTI should be evaluated for VUR with a cystogram. The goal is to identify reflux and reduce risk of renal scarring through prophylactic
Pedi gu review cystic disease i
The document discusses various pediatric renal cystic diseases including their definitions, categories, genetics, presentations, associations, and management. Multicystic dysplastic kidney is defined as involving the entire kidney with primitive ducts and cysts present from early development. It is the renal cystic condition that arises prior to nephron formation.
Pedi gu review fluids and electrolytes
The document summarizes key concepts about pediatric renal function, body composition, fluid and electrolyte balance. It discusses how the kidneys regulate water, sodium, and other electrolytes. It also outlines factors that influence fluid levels in the body and how hormones like ADH help maintain fluid homeostasis. The document further describes various fluid, electrolyte and acid-base imbalances that can occur in children and their treatment approaches.
PEDI GU REVIEW embryology i
- The pronephros is the first transient nonfunctional kidney that develops in the embryo during the 3rd week and degenerates by the 5th week.
- The mesonephros is the second kidney that develops and serves as the excretory organ while the definitive metanephros develops. It is also transient.
- The adrenal cortex develops from primitive mesoderm medial to the urogenital ridge during the 4th week, while the adrenal medulla develops from migrating neural crest cells.
Pedi gu review anorectal malformations
Anorectal malformations (ARMs) occur in 1 in 4,000 to 5,000 births and can range from stenosis to imperforate anus. Cloacal anomalies are even rarer, occurring in 1 in 50,000 births. ARMs are associated with urogenital abnormalities in about 35% of cases as well as spinal defects. Treatment involves surgical repair of the ARM and management of any associated issues like urinary tract defects. Long term management may include bowel management, urinary reconstruction like CIC, and treatment of complications such as incontinence.
Pedi gu review nephrolithiasis
This document discusses the classification, pathophysiology, presentation, imaging, laboratory evaluation and treatment of nephrolithiasis in pediatric patients. The main types of stones include calcium, uric acid, cystine and struvite. Important risk factors are hypercalciuria, hypocitraturia, hyperoxaluria and low urine volume. Treatment depends on stone size and location but may include extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, ureteroscopy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy or open surgery. Diet and medical management target the underlying metabolic abnormalities promoting stone formation.
PEDI GU REVIEW voiding dysfunction i
1. The document discusses various types of pediatric voiding dysfunction including neurogenic and non-neurogenic causes. Common neurogenic causes include myelomeningocele, sacral agenesis, and cerebral palsy.
2. Evaluation of patients may involve urodynamic studies to assess detrusor and sphincter function. Management depends on the etiology and may include clean intermittent catheterization, anticholinergic medications, or surgical interventions.
3. Long-term follow up is important to monitor for issues like urinary tract infections, vesicoureteral reflux, incontinence, and secondary complications.
Pedi gu review renal trauma
1) Pediatric renal trauma is most commonly caused by blunt trauma from accidents like falls or motor vehicle collisions. The kidneys are more susceptible to injury in children due to their fetal lobulations and less protection by the rib cage.
2) There is debate around when imaging is needed for pediatric renal trauma patients. Some recommend imaging all children with microscopic hematuria, while others suggest observation for stable patients with less than 50 red blood cells per high-powered field and mild trauma.
3) Pre-existing kidney abnormalities increase the risk of hematuria out of proportion with the trauma in pediatric patients. Imaging may be needed to identify injuries or abnormalities that could require treatment.
PEDI GU REVIEW intersex
The document discusses disorders of sexual differentiation, including chromosomal, gonadal, and phenotypic sex development. It outlines various conditions that can result in intersex traits, such as disorders of testicular differentiation, ovarian differentiation, and disorders of gonadal development. Treatment approaches aim to avoid unnecessary genital surgery and allow for informed consent, while addressing physical health and comfort.
Urology
Urology is the branch of medicine that focuses on the urinary tract and male reproductive system. It covers conditions of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra, and male genitals. Common diseases treated in urology include benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), urinary tract infections (UTIs), kidney stones, incontinence, and cancers of the urinary system. Urology departments are staffed by urologists, nurses, and have various equipment like cystoscopes, uretroscopes, and holmium lasers. NABH standards for urology focus on communication between staff, respecting patient privacy, and informing patients of critical test results
Case presentation -group-14--20160520
This 71-year-old man presented with gross hematuria and a bladder mass. He had a history of asbestos exposure and other medical issues. Evaluation revealed a large fungating bladder lesion, and biopsies confirmed adenocarcinoma. Further testing found prostate cancer involving 30% of tissue with a Gleason score of 7. The tentative diagnosis was urothelial carcinoma of the bladder neck, prostate urethra, or both, but immunohistochemical staining was positive for PSA, suggesting the final diagnosis was prostate adenocarcinoma with invasion into the bladder.
Evaluation of the urologic patient
This document summarizes a seminar on hematuria that included a discussion of:
- How to characterize hematuria based on whether it is gross or microscopic, when during urination it occurs, and if it is associated with pain.
- The importance of obtaining a thorough history including the chief complaint, history of present illness, past medical history, medication history, and family/social history.
- How to perform a physical examination with focus on vital signs, examination of the head/ears/eyes/lymph nodes, abdominal/rectal examination, and genitourinary examination.
- The seminar was presented by Dr. Getasew, a urologist, and covered evaluating patients with hemat
History11
This document discusses important urinary symptoms organized by location in the urinary tract (upper, lower, general) and type (pain, hematuria, irritative, obstructive). Key points include:
- Renal and ureteral pain can have various referral patterns depending on location of obstruction.
- Hematuria should not be ignored and its timing and association with other symptoms provides clues to its origin.
- Irritative symptoms like frequency and nocturia can be caused by various conditions that increase urine output or decrease bladder capacity.
- Obstructive symptoms include decreased urine flow and difficulties like hesitancy that indicate bladder outlet obstruction.
- Lower urinary tract symptoms can be irritative or ob
Urologic symptoms and examination
Urological symptoms can involve pain, changes to urination, changes in urine appearance, or abnormalities of the male genitalia. A complete history divides into chief complaint, history of present illness, past medical history, family history, and review of systems. Physical exam includes inspection and palpation of the abdomen with specific examination of the kidneys, bladder, and genitalia. Common urological complaints involve sites of pain, irritative urinary symptoms, obstructive symptoms, incontinence, hematuria, and sexual or genital abnormalities.
Symptoms and Signs of different Diseases in Urology
How would you approach a Urological Patient? This presentation will tell you how to take a history and examination along with symptoms and common signs of different diseases in urology
How to make a personal plan that really works: Practical approach
“If you fail to plan, you plan to fail” Benjamin Franklin.
Do you have a clear view about what you want to do in the future? Did you write down a plan? Is this plan detailed? Do you know how to set goals, put an action plan, make a to-do list and organize your time schedule?
We all have dreams and plans but many “plans” stay just in our dreams.
In this presentation i will try to give you tips and techniques on “How to make a PDP (Personal Development Plan) that really works?”
Assessment of renal and urinary tract function
The document discusses diagnostic tests used to evaluate urinary tract function. It describes various urine tests including urinalysis, urine culture and sensitivity, urine osmolality, 24-hour urine collections for creatinine clearance and catecholamines. Imaging tests are also summarized such as abdominal ultrasound, intravenous pyelogram, renal scan, cystoscopy and renal biopsy. The goals are to identify parameters for assessing upper and lower urinary tract status and describe studies used to determine urinary tract function.
Voiding dysfunction A Simple Approach Towards Understanding and Management - ...
Voiding dysfunction A Simple Approach Towards Understanding and Management - ...Mohammed Abd El Wadood
Detailed presentation about classification, evaluation and treatment of voiding dysfunctions by Prof.Dr.Tarek OsmanPediatric Renal Disorders
This document provides an overview of the assessment and management of genitourinary dysfunction in children. It discusses topics such as urinary tract infections, glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome, renal failure, dialysis, transplantation, and Wilms' tumor. Nursing priorities include thorough assessment, administering appropriate antibiotic therapy, managing complications, providing patient and family education, and preventing infections through aseptic technique.
Viewers also liked (20)
Symptoms and Signs of different Diseases in Urology
Symptoms and Signs of different Diseases in Urology
How to make a personal plan that really works: Practical approach
How to make a personal plan that really works: Practical approach
Voiding dysfunction A Simple Approach Towards Understanding and Management - ...
Voiding dysfunction A Simple Approach Towards Understanding and Management - ...
Similar to PEDI GU REVIEW-perinatal emergencies i
MALE AND FEMALE GENITAL TRACT
This is a powerpoint presentation on the Topic of Male and female genital tract, based on Robbin's textbook of pathology. Prepared by Dr. Ashish Jawarkar, who is Assistant professor at Parul institute of medical sciences and research, Vadodara. Please subscribe to our youtube channel https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCwjkzK-YnJ-ra4HMOqq3Fkw . Our facebook page: facebook.com/pathologybasics
Male Infertility
Male infertility can be caused by abnormalities in sperm morphology, motility, count, or the absence of sperm. Up to 50% of infertility cases involve male factors such as varicocele, undescended testes, infections, genetic issues, environmental toxins, or lifestyle factors. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include medications, surgery, assisted reproduction techniques like IVF, or cryopreservation of sperm for future use.
L35 Endometriosis
Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent disease where endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus, most commonly on the pelvic peritoneum and ovaries. It affects 5-10% of women and is a common cause of pelvic pain and infertility. While the exact cause is unknown, theories include retrograde menstruation through the fallopian tubes and genetic or immunological factors. Diagnosis involves laparoscopy to visualize lesions, and ultrasound or MRI may also help. Treatment depends on symptoms but may include pain medications, hormonal therapy, or surgery to remove growths or the ovaries/uterus. Surgical treatment can help fertility in mild-moderate cases.
Cryptochidism
Cryptorchidism refers to an undescended or maldescended testis. It occurs in 3% of full-term newborn boys, decreasing to 1% in boys aged 1 year. Risk factors include prematurity, low birth weight, twinning, and maternal estrogen exposure. Treatment is recommended at age 1, as spontaneous descent after this age is rare. Surgical exploration, known as orchidopexy, is required to bring undescended testes into the scrotum. Complications can include inadequate positioning, testicular atrophy, or accidental division of the vas deferens.
Group 5 Reproductive Disorder2
The document discusses various reproductive system disorders including phimosis, hypospadias, epispadias, cryptorchidism, hydrocele, and prostate cancer. Phimosis is a tight foreskin that prevents retraction over the glans. Hypospadias is a birth defect where the urethra opens on the underside of the penis. Epispadias is an opening of the urethra on the upper surface of the penis. Cryptorchidism is undescended testes. Hydrocele is a fluid collection around a testis. Prostate cancer is a common cancer in men that is typically diagnosed via digital rectal exam and PSA testing.
Abnormal uterine bleeding Avtansh Gupta 501 .pptx
This document discusses abnormal uterine bleeding and endometrial hyperplasia. It defines abnormal uterine bleeding as irregular menstrual bleeding and notes it is a common gynecological complaint. Endometrial hyperplasia is an irregular proliferation of the endometrial glands that can progress to endometrial cancer if left untreated. The document outlines the evaluation, diagnosis, and management of both conditions, including taking a medical history, performing a physical exam, ordering relevant tests and imaging, and treating with hormonal therapies or surgical procedures depending on the severity of the condition and menopausal status of the patient.
Amenorrhea
This clinical document summarizes guidelines for evaluating and managing amenorrhea. It presents a case study of a patient with primary amenorrhea and pseudohermaphroditism. It then provides definitions of primary and secondary amenorrhea and outlines an approach for diagnosis involving history, physical exam, ultrasound, and laboratory tests. Common causes of amenorrhea are identified and diagnostic and management guidelines are presented.
Ambiguousgenitalia ppt
This document discusses disorders of sex development (DSD), formerly known as intersex conditions. It defines DSD and outlines its various types including 46,XX virilized female, 46,XY undervirilized male, gonadal differentiation disorders, and sex chromosome DSD. It discusses the embryology, incidence, evaluation, and management of DSD. Evaluation involves history, examination, imaging, genetics, endocrinology, and sometimes surgery. Treatment aims to match gender assignment with chromosomal and gonadal sex when possible while preserving fertility and future function. A multidisciplinary team approach is important for management of DSD.
Ambiguousgenitalia best
This document discusses disorders of sex development (DSD), formerly known as intersex conditions. It defines DSD and outlines its various types including 46,XX virilized female, 46,XY undervirilized male, gonadal differentiation disorders, and sex chromosome DSD. It discusses the embryology, incidence, evaluation, and management of DSD. Evaluation involves history, examination, imaging, genetics, endocrinology, and counseling. Treatment options include reconstructive surgery and hormone therapy, with the goal of matching sex assignment to chromosomal and gonadal sex when possible.
Hypospadias.pptx
This document provides information on hypospadias, including its definition, embryology, classification, diagnosis, and management. It describes hypospadias as an abnormal ventral placement of the urethral opening in males, often accompanied by penile curvature and a dorsal hooded foreskin. The etiology is multifactorial involving genetic and environmental factors disrupting androgen stimulation in development. Surgical management aims to correct penile curvature, reconstruct the urethra, and provide skin coverage using techniques such as tubularized incised plate repair and preputial flaps depending on the location and severity of hypospadias.
Testicular pain in emergency
This document provides information on evaluating and diagnosing causes of testicular pain. Key points covered include:
- Taking a history to identify characteristics of the pain, trauma history, changes in testicle size, sexual history, urinary symptoms, and associated abdominal pain.
- Performing a focused exam including inspection, palpation, checking the cremasteric reflex and Phren's sign.
- Common differentials to consider include testicular torsion, torsion of the appendix testis, and epididymitis. Additional tests like ultrasound may help distinguish between causes.
- Management depends on the diagnosis but may include pain medication, antibiotics, manual detorsion in the ER, or surgical correction for torsion
Endo Reproduction
The document provides clinical guidelines for evaluating and managing amenorrhea. It discusses the different types of amenorrhea including primary and secondary. For evaluation, it recommends taking a medical history, physical exam, ultrasound exam, and lab tests to identify potential causes. Common causes discussed include polycystic ovary syndrome, thyroid issues, eating disorders, excessive exercise, and genetic conditions. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include hormone replacement therapy or lifestyle changes.
1 approaches inguinoscrotal abdominal wall disorders
This document provides an overview of inguinal and scrotal disorders including anatomy, hernias, undescended testes, hydroceles, and other conditions. It begins with the anatomy of the inguinal region including the inguinal canal, spermatic cord, and Hesselbach's triangle. Inguinal hernias are then discussed including definitions, classifications, risk factors, presentations, investigations, differential diagnoses, and surgical management. Undescended testes and hydroceles are also summarized outlining definitions, epidemiology, presentations, investigations, and treatment approaches.
HYPOSPADIAS & EPISPADIAS.pptx
Hypospadias and epispadias are both congenital birth defects that involve abnormal development of the urethra. Hypospadias is more common and occurs when the urethral opening is on the underside of the penis rather than at the tip. Epispadias is rarer and involves an opening on the top side of the penis. Both conditions are caused by abnormal closure of the urethral folds during embryonic development and may require surgical correction. Nursing care focuses on assessing the patient, providing wound and catheter/stent care after surgery, and monitoring for potential complications.
amenorrhea
This clinical guideline outlines an approach for evaluating and managing amenorrhea. Amenorrhea is classified as primary or secondary. The workup involves excluding pregnancy, cryptomenorrhea, and obtaining a history, physical exam, and ultrasound. Patients are categorized based on secondary sex characteristics, androgen levels, and test results to identify endocrine abnormalities. Management aims to restore ovulation if possible or provide hormone replacement therapy to prevent health issues. Frequent reevaluation is important given the various potential causes.
amenorrhea
This clinical guideline outlines an approach for evaluating and managing amenorrhea. It defines primary and secondary amenorrhea and discusses various pathophysiologies including anovulatory and ovulatory causes. The approach involves obtaining a thorough history, physical exam, and initial tests to rule out pregnancy and cryptomenorrhea. Based on exam and test results, patients are categorized to guide further workup and diagnosis of conditions like hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction, PCOS, ovarian failure, mullerian agenesis, and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Management aims to restore ovulation if possible or provide hormone replacement therapy to prevent health issues from estrogen deficiency. Frequent re-evaluation is often needed given the complexity of
Antenatal diagnosis of Congenital Anomalies of Kidneys and Urinary Tract (CAKUT)
Antenatal Diagnosis of Kidney Disease. This presentation gives an overview of the role of ultrasound in the diagnosis of fetal renal disease and congenital renal anomalies
Congenital genito urinary disorders
Congenital genitourinary disorders are birth defects of the kidneys and urinary tract that occur in about 3-6 per 1000 live births. Some common disorders include renal agenesis, hydronephrosis, posterior urethral valves, hypospadias, and Wilm's tumor. Symptoms vary depending on the specific disorder but can include urinary tract infections, blood in the urine, pain, and kidney failure. Treatment involves surgery to correct structural abnormalities, antibiotics to treat infections, and chemotherapy for Wilm's tumor. Nursing care focuses on monitoring the child, preventing infections, providing comfort, and educating parents.
Inguinalscrotal Disease
Seminar presentation by 5th year Medical Student under the supervision of a pediatric surgery specialist from HRPZ II. Reference as mentioned in the slide.
Undescended testis
Gaurav Nahar discusses undescended testis (cryptorchidism). Cryptorchidism occurs when one or both testes fail to descend into the scrotum. It has a prevalence of 1-4% in full term males and 1-45% in preterm males. Testicular descent is a complex process involving hormonal and mechanical factors. Cryptorchidism can be congenital, acquired, or syndromic. Evaluation involves history, exam to locate any undescended testes, and sometimes imaging or labs. Treatment is usually surgical orchidopexy to position testes in scrotum.
Similar to PEDI GU REVIEW-perinatal emergencies i (20)
1 approaches inguinoscrotal abdominal wall disorders
1 approaches inguinoscrotal abdominal wall disorders
Antenatal diagnosis of Congenital Anomalies of Kidneys and Urinary Tract (CAKUT)
Antenatal diagnosis of Congenital Anomalies of Kidneys and Urinary Tract (CAKUT)
Recently uploaded
DECLARATION OF HELSINKI - History and principles
This SlideShare presentation provides a comprehensive overview of the Declaration of Helsinki, a foundational document outlining ethical guidelines for conducting medical research involving human subjects.
CLEAR ALIGNER THERAPY IN ORTHODONTICS .pptx
Dr. ZANAB FARHEEN FAYAZ ,MDS(ORTHODONTICS & DENTOFACIAL ORTHOPEDICS ).
REGULATION FOR COMBINATION PRODUCTS AND MEDICAL DEVICES.pptx
It includes regulation of combination products and medical devices. FDA and industry liaisons.
10 Benefits an EPCR Software should Bring to EMS Organizations
The benefits of an ePCR solution should extend to the whole EMS organization, not just certain groups of people or certain departments. It should provide more than just a form for entering and a database for storing information. It should also include a workflow of how information is communicated, used and stored across the entire organization.
Cervical Disc Arthroplasty ORSI 2024.pptx
Indication and installation of a mobile cervical disc prosthesis. Benefits of the PRODISC C VIVO mobile disc prosthesis (Centinel Spine)
Adhd Medication Shortage Uk - trinexpharmacy.com
The UK is currently facing a Adhd Medication Shortage Uk, which has left many patients and their families grappling with uncertainty and frustration. ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a chronic condition that requires consistent medication to manage effectively. This shortage has highlighted the critical role these medications play in the daily lives of those affected by ADHD. Contact : +1 (747) 209 – 3649 E-mail : sales@trinexpharmacy.com
June 2024 Oncology Cartoons By Dr Kanhu Charan Patro
une 2024 Oncology Cartoons By Dr Kanhu Charan Patro
Cosmetology and Trichology Courses at Kosmoderma Academy PRP (Hair), DR Growt...
Cosmetology and Trichology Courses at Kosmoderma Academy PRP (Hair), DR Growt...Kosmoderma Academy Of Aesthetic Medicine
Kosmoderma Academy, a leading institution in the field of dermatology and aesthetics, offers comprehensive courses in cosmetology and trichology. Our specialized courses on PRP (Hair), DR+Growth Factor, GFC, and Qr678 are designed to equip practitioners with advanced skills and knowledge to excel in hair restoration and growth treatments.
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdf
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptx
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.vonoprazan A novel drug for GERD presentation
Vonoprazan, a new potassium acid channel blocker used in the conditions of GERD and gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer ....
Ketone bodies and metabolism-biochemistry
This slide consists of all the topics of ketone . This can be used for exam purpose for writing about Diabetic keto acidosis etc . Thank you
Recently uploaded (20)
CHEMOTHERAPY_RDP_CHAPTER 6_Anti Malarial Drugs.pdf
CHEMOTHERAPY_RDP_CHAPTER 6_Anti Malarial Drugs.pdf
Tests for analysis of different pharmaceutical.pptx
Tests for analysis of different pharmaceutical.pptx
REGULATION FOR COMBINATION PRODUCTS AND MEDICAL DEVICES.pptx
REGULATION FOR COMBINATION PRODUCTS AND MEDICAL DEVICES.pptx
10 Benefits an EPCR Software should Bring to EMS Organizations
10 Benefits an EPCR Software should Bring to EMS Organizations
Ear and its clinical correlations By Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Ear and its clinical correlations By Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
June 2024 Oncology Cartoons By Dr Kanhu Charan Patro
June 2024 Oncology Cartoons By Dr Kanhu Charan Patro
Cosmetology and Trichology Courses at Kosmoderma Academy PRP (Hair), DR Growt...
Cosmetology and Trichology Courses at Kosmoderma Academy PRP (Hair), DR Growt...
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdf
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdf
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptx
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptx
PEDI GU REVIEW-perinatal emergencies i
- 1. PERINATAL EMERGENCIES Pediatric GU Review UCSD Pediatric Urology George Chiang MD Sara Marietti MD Outlined from The Kelalis-King-Belman Textbook of Clinical Pediatric Urology 2007 (not for reproduction, distribution, or sale without consent)
- 11. Intersex 46 XX Female pseudohermaphrodite Male pseudohermaphrodite True hermaphrodite Gonadal dysgenesis 46 XY Male pseudohermaphrodite True hermaphrodite 46 XX/XY True hermaphrodite 45, X, 45,X/46,XX, 45,X/46,XY and others Gonadal dysgenesis Mixed gonadal dysgenesis Male pseudohermaphrodite True hermaphrodite
- 42. QUESTIONS