PeakPhysio.com Sports Injury Talks – TWO: Common running injuries
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1) The document discusses common running injuries including iliotibial band syndrome and calf pain. It describes the gait cycle and biomechanical abnormalities that can lead to these injuries. 2) Assessment of lower limb biomechanics includes examining posture, range of motion, muscle lengths and strengths, balance, and functional tasks. Abnormal pelvic tilt and leg biomechanics can strain the knee. 3) Iliotibial band syndrome presents as lateral knee pain that is worse with downhill running. Treatment focuses on modifying activities, soft tissue work, stretching tight muscles, strengthening hips, and correcting biomechanics. Calf pain treatment also emphasizes rest, examining biomechanics, stretching, and strengthening.
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iLiotibial Band friction syndrome- Caused by repetitive friction rub between iliotibial band and lateral femoral condyle.
Snapping hip syndrome
Snapping hip syndrome is a condition characterized by a snapping sensation in the hip joint caused by tendons or muscles rubbing against the pelvic bone. It most commonly affects young athletes and women engaged in repetitive twisting motions. The three main types are iliotibial band snap, iliopsoas tendon snap, and hip labral tear. Treatment focuses on stretching muscles, strengthening hips, anti-inflammatory medications, and surgery as a last resort.
Iliotibial Band Syndrome (Itbs)
Iliotibial Band Syndrome (ITBS) is an overuse injury of the iliotibial band, a thick fascia that runs down the outside of the thigh. ITBS is caused by training errors like increasing mileage too quickly, running on uneven surfaces, or having poor form. Anatomical factors like tight muscles or leg length differences can also contribute. Diagnosis involves pain tests like the Renne Test or Noble Compression Test. Treatment starts with rest, ice, stretching, and anti-inflammatories. Later stages may include corticosteroid injections, surgery for refractory cases. Prevention focuses on gradual mileage increases, proper footwear, stretching, and avoiding uneven terrain.
Medial calf muscle rupture
A medial gastrocnemius strain occurs when the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle is forcibly torn or ruptured, usually during activities like running or tennis that involve pushing off with the foot. It presents with calf pain and swelling and is diagnosed based on the patient's history and physical exam findings. Treatment involves RICE principles along with ankle bracing and physical therapy focused on range of motion exercises and strengthening to regain function and prevent reinjury.
Hip strains
This document describes hip strains, including the diagnosis and treatment. It defines a strain as an overuse or overstretching of a muscle and describes the grading scale. It then differentiates between hip flexor strains and hip adductor strains, outlining the typical causes, symptoms, and treatments for each. The treatments discussed include RICE, stretching exercises, strengthening exercises, modalities like ice/heat, and assistive devices.
Tennis leg
Tennis leg, also known as a torn "monkey muscle", is a rupture of the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle where it merges with the Achilles tendon. It is commonly seen in middle-aged tennis and squash players during sudden knee extension with the foot dorsiflexed. Patients experience immediate pain and swelling in the calf with difficulty walking. Diagnosis can be confirmed with Simmonds' test and imaging if needed to differentiate from other causes of calf pain like deep vein thrombosis. Initial treatment focuses on RICE therapy followed by mobilization and physiotherapy to regain range of motion and strength.
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Runners knee
Runners knee, also known as patellofemoral pain syndrome, is a condition where the patellar cartilage becomes irritated from contact with the femoral cartilage. It is commonly caused by overuse from activities like running that place stress on the knee joint. Specifically, it can result from overloading from excess weight, poor biomechanics, muscular imbalances, tight hip flexors, and other factors. A 24-year old cross country runner presented with knee pain diagnosed as runners knee. The treatment plan focused on equalizing tension on the patella, retraining the knee extensors, soft tissue work including myofascial release and stretching of the hips and quads, and exercises before progressing to full weight bearing and return to activity
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iLiotibial Band friction syndrome- Caused by repetitive friction rub between iliotibial band and lateral femoral condyle.
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Snapping hip syndrome is a condition characterized by a snapping sensation in the hip joint caused by tendons or muscles rubbing against the pelvic bone. It most commonly affects young athletes and women engaged in repetitive twisting motions. The three main types are iliotibial band snap, iliopsoas tendon snap, and hip labral tear. Treatment focuses on stretching muscles, strengthening hips, anti-inflammatory medications, and surgery as a last resort.
Iliotibial Band Syndrome (Itbs)
Iliotibial Band Syndrome (ITBS) is an overuse injury of the iliotibial band, a thick fascia that runs down the outside of the thigh. ITBS is caused by training errors like increasing mileage too quickly, running on uneven surfaces, or having poor form. Anatomical factors like tight muscles or leg length differences can also contribute. Diagnosis involves pain tests like the Renne Test or Noble Compression Test. Treatment starts with rest, ice, stretching, and anti-inflammatories. Later stages may include corticosteroid injections, surgery for refractory cases. Prevention focuses on gradual mileage increases, proper footwear, stretching, and avoiding uneven terrain.
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Ostomalacia Patella
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Si joint dys
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Post Osteotomy Rehabilitation Assesment & Managment
The document outlines the rehabilitation process following knee osteotomy surgery. It begins with protecting the knee and reducing swelling in the first 4 weeks using RICE therapy and range of motion exercises. From 4-8 weeks, the goals are gradual weight bearing, regaining full range of motion, and strengthening exercises. From 8-12 weeks, the focus is on continued stretching and strengthening, walking, proprioception exercises, and using equipment like a stationary bike. From 4-6 months, the rehabilitation advances to include stability, strength, agility, and sport/activity-specific training.
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This document discusses gait assessment and analysis. There are two main ways to analyze gait: the Los Ranchos Amigos method and the standard/classic method. Gait can be affected by various musculoskeletal issues like hip, knee, foot/ankle pathology, leg length discrepancy, or pain. Specific conditions may cause deviations like "hip hiking" from arthritis, "scissor gait" from hip adductor contractures, or a Trendelenburg gait from hip abductor weakness. Common gait assessment tests are described like the Timed Up and Go, 6-Minute Walk Test, and Tinetti Test which evaluates gait and balance in older adults.
Postural deviations
This document describes various postural abnormalities and deformities. It discusses claw toes, hammer toes, flexed and hyper-extended knee postures, excessive anterior pelvic tilt, lordosis, kyphosis, forward head posture, flat feet, hallux valgus, genu valgum, genu varum, and scoliosis. For each condition, it provides details on characteristics, causes, and treatment options which may include exercises, stretches, strengthening, orthotics, or corrective surgery depending on the severity.
Gait
This document discusses how various orthopedic conditions can affect gait. It describes 14 different conditions, including how each condition impacts gait mechanics and common compensatory strategies. For example, it notes that knee flexion contractures can cause limping and "toe walking" due to limited heel strike and step length. The document provides details on gait phases, terminology, and treatment approaches for optimizing gait with various orthopedic issues.
Cerebral palsy.pptx
Cerebral palsy is a non-progressive brain injury that causes muscle spasticity and weakness. Risk factors include prenatal infections, prematurity, and hypoxic events. It is classified physiologically by the type of movement disorder (spastic, athetoid, ataxic) and anatomically by the affected body regions (diplegia, hemiplegia, quadriplegia). Common musculoskeletal issues are gait abnormalities, hip displacement/subluxation, knee and ankle contractures, and foot deformities. Treatment aims to improve function and prevent deformities through stretching, bracing, botulinum toxin injections, and surgery such as tendon lengthening/transfer and osteotomies
Faulty Biomechanics of the Lower Extremities, How A Simple Biomechanics Dysfu...
This document discusses faulty biomechanics of the lower extremities, specifically simple foot pronation, and its effects on the aging process. Simple foot pronation is one of the most common biomechanical dysfunctions, and if left untreated can accelerate the aging process through a "cascading domino effect". The document outlines the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of issues related to foot pronation through reducing weakness, increasing strength, and emphasizing proper footwear and training of muscles in the foot, calf, knee, hip, and back. The goal of treatment is to support pronation and reduce pain and protective spasms through various passive and active strengthening techniques.
Muscular dystrophy
Muscular dystrophy is a genetic disorder characterized by progressive skeletal muscle weakness. The most common type is Duchenne muscular dystrophy, which is caused by a lack of the muscle protein dystrophin. Clinical features include muscle wasting, impaired balance and mobility, scoliosis, respiratory difficulties, and in late stages, weakness of upper limb muscles. Physiotherapy management focuses on maintaining strength and range of motion, preventing deformities, improving respiratory function, and assisting with activities of daily living through the different stages of the disease.
Knee hip2011
The document provides an overview of anatomy, assessment, and common injuries of the thigh, hip, groin, and pelvic regions. It describes the nerves, blood vessels, muscles, and fascia of the thigh. Assessment involves history, observation, and special tests like Thomas test and Ober's test. Common injuries discussed include quadriceps contusions, hamstring strains, femoral fractures, stress fractures, groin strains, and hip dislocations. Prevention, management, and rehabilitation strategies are outlined for each injury.
Common injuries of lower extremity
Fractures
Usually of femoral neck, a serious injury usually occurring in elderly with osteoporosis
Contusions
Usually in anterior aspect of thigh, during contact sports
Strains
Usually to hamstring during sprinting or over striding
Gait
This document discusses changes in gait that can occur due to various orthopedic conditions. It describes 14 different pathologies including how they impact gait patterns, their causes and mechanisms, and examples of treatment approaches. The pathologies involve the hip, knee, ankle, and include conditions like arthritis, leg length discrepancies, contractures, and muscle weaknesses that can result in antalgic, Trendelenburg, toe walking and other abnormal walking patterns. The document provides detail on gait analysis and the phases and terminology used to describe normal and pathological walking motions.
Hip pain treatment
This document discusses hip pain treatment. It describes common hip disorders like osteoarthritis, femoral neck stress fractures, and femoroacetabular impingement. Diagnosis involves clinical exams, imaging like x-rays and MRIs, and gait analysis. Treatment focuses on restoring strength, mobility, and proper biomechanics through physical therapy and techniques like shockwave therapy. The goal is to alleviate pain and improve function for a variety of hip conditions.
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