2. INDIVIDUAL THAT CAN EXACTLY
IDENTIFY WHEN AND WHERE SCIENCE
BEGAN.
• From the genesis of time, science has
existed
• It is always interwoven with the society
DEFINITION OF SCIENCE • Science as an
3. IDEA
• Science as an intellectual activity •
Science as a body of knowledge •
Science as a personal and social activity
SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTIONS • The period
of enlightenment when the developments in the
fields of mathematics, physics, astronomy,
biology, and chemistry transformed the views
4. OF SOCIETY
ABOUT NATURE.
• It explained the emergence or birth of
modern science as a result of these
developments.
• It was the golden age for people
committed to scholarly life in science
SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTIONS • It is very
significant in the development of human
5. beings, transformation of the society, and in the
formulation of scientific ideas. • It improved the
conduct of scientific investigations, experiments,
and observations.
• It transformed the natural world and the
world of ideas.
INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTIONS • It is
the period where paradigm shifts
6. OCCURRED
.
• It is where the scientific beliefs that
have been widely embraced and
accepted by the people where
challenged and opposed.
WHAT IS INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTION? • In the
6th century, Ptolemy introduced the geocentric
model which described the absolute perception
7. OF THE UNIVERSE WITH THE EARTH AS ITS
CENTER WHICH WAS THOUGHT TO BE TRUE BY
MOST OF THE PEOPLE AT THAT TIME.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF REVOLUTION
•
T
H
ECOPERNICAN REVOLUTION
• T
H
EDARWINIAN REVOLUTION
• FREUDIAN REVOLUTION
• INFORMATION REVOLUTION
• MESOAMERICAN
8. • MIDDLE E
AS
T
• AFRICAN
• ASIAN REVOLUTION
THE COPERNICAN REVOLUTION
• The shift from geocentric to heliocentric slowly happened
through the contributions of different persons. -Tycho
Brahe’s careful observation of the star, Cassiopeia
-Johannes Kepler’s said that all planets move in elliptical
orbits and the sun at the center
-Galileo Galilie’s developed his own telescope and
9. observed Venus
-Sir Isaac Newton’s law of gravitation
• It influences conceptual changes in
cosmology, religion, physics, and
philosophy.
• It changes the belief of the people about the
placement of the Earth.
THE DARWINIAN REVOLUTION
• He is known for his evolution by natural selection and
was formulated in his book “On the Origin of Species”
in 1859.
10. CHANGES IN HERITABLE
PHYSICAL OR BEHAVIORAL
TRAITS.
-THE CHANGES THAT ALLOW
AN ORGANISM TO BETTER
ADAPT TO ITS ENVIRONMENT
CAN HELP IT SURVIVE AND
HAVE MORE OFFSPRING.
THE DARWINIAN REVOLUTION
• The theory of evolution has two main points: 1.)
All life on Earth is connected and related to each
other.
11. CAME ABOUT BECAUSE OF
THE MODIFICATIONS IN
POPULATIONS THAT WERE
DRIVEN BY NATURAL
SELECTION.
Natural selection is often described as survival of the
fittest, where fitness refers to the ability to survive and
reproduce.
FREUDIAN REVOLUTION
• Sigmund Freud’s books became the hallmark of
psychoanalysis
12. • Freud described that the brain can be segmented
into compartments.
• Freudian revolution may be viewed as the
discovery of a way of locating in the mind objective
entities which can be studied like physical things.
INFORMATION REVOLUTION
• Alan Turing’s machine introduced the idea that thinking
and being conscious could be attributed to nonhuman
13. entities
• The information revolution started from the Sumerian
pictographs
• The invention of Gutenberg’s printing press in 1455
• The use of typewriter and telegraph.
• Today, these technologies are used widely which
became easier with the help of the internet.
MESOAMERICAN • Maya Civilization
14. • Inca Civilization
• Aztec Civilization
MAYA CIVILIZATION • Advanced astronomy
• The Mayans built looms for weaving cloth and
devised a rainbow of glittery paints made from a
mineral called mica.
15. • Mayan hieroglyphics- world’s first civilization writing
SYS
TEM
INCA CIVILIZATION • roads paved with stone
• stone buildings that surmounted earthquakes and other
disasters
• irrigation system
• The quipu are used by the Incan for book-keeping. •
Calendar with 12 months
16. • The mita system was invented by the Inca. It is a labor
service that takes form in road and bridge constriction,
in cultivation (maize or corn) and textile production.
AZTEC CIVILIZATION • The Aztecs had
established a great military force.
• The chinampa of the Aztecs used small rectangular area
of fertile land to grow crops on the shallow lake beds.
• The use of rubber is documented in the Maya ball game
17. called tlatchtli.
• They also used cocoa beans as a currency.
• Mandatory Education
• Aztec calendar
• Invention of the Canoe
• Antipasmodic medication
MIDDLE EAST
• The Arab applied the Romans priniciples and
improve the watermill known as noria.
18. • The Middle East is known for their machine designed
and improvement for irrigation, industrial work and war.
• The windmill and watermill are used for crushing
sugarcanes, grinding grain, and pumping water
MIDDLE EAST
• The book of Badic al-Zaman ibn al-Razaz al-Jazari
described candle and water clocks, water vessels,
19. fountains, automata, and water raising devices.
• The book written by Taqi al-Din ibn Maruf al-Rashid al-
Dimashqi explain steam power and a blueprint of a six
piston pump
AFRICAN
• Africa is known for the production of kola nuts and
coffee in Ethiopia
Kola nuts stimulant mostly found in West Africa and
is the basis of the popular cola drink.
20. • Coffee was developed as a consumable drink that
spread to Arabia and then throughout the world.
AFRICAN
• Africa used plants with salicylic acid for pain
(aspirin) and for diarrhea (Kaopectate). They are also
highly advanced in medicine such operating autopsies
and caesarian
• The technology involved experimentation in
21. drainage, construction of polders, desalination, and
irrigation. Evidence in 1978 suggests that they
already mastered making steels.
AFRICAN • Three types of calendars- lunar,
solar, stellar • Metallurgy
• Mathematics- multiplication, division and
simple mathematical calculation or a six
month lunar calendar
22. ASIAN REVOLUTION
• Traditional Chinese medicine, acupuncture and
herbal medicine were practiced.
• The four Great Inventions of ancient China includes the
compass, gunpowder, papermaking, and printing.
• Other discoveries includes alchemy which is a taoist
chemistry
