THIS IS THE BASIC OF AGRICULTURE FOR BEED STUDENTS.THIS WILL HELP THE STUDENT IN KNOWING AND UNDERSTANDING THE FUNDAMENTALS IN AGRICULTURE

1. INTRODUCTION TO
BASIC AGRICULTURE
JERICO A. TAMONDONG
INSTRUCTOR

2. ●"Agriculture is the art and science of
growing plants and other crops and
raising animals for food, other human
needs, or economic gain."
●The whole structure combines two
descriptive introductory clauses:
(1) "the art and science of growing
plants and other crops" and (2) "the art
and science of raising animals". The
purpose clause "for food, other human
needs, or economic gain" applies to both
divisions.
What is Agriculture?

4. A G R I C U L T U R E
1. Agriculture is
the systematic
raising of useful
plants and
livestock under
the management
of man.
Agriculture is the
growing of both plants
and animals for
human needs
(Abellanosa,A.L. and
H.M. Pava. 1987.
Agriculture is the
deliberate effort to
modify a portion of
Earth's surface through
the cultivation of crops
and the raising of
livestock for sustenance
or economic gain.
(Rubenstein, J.M. 2003.

5. Legal Meanings and Scope
4. Agriculture includes farming in all branches and, among other
things, includes thecultivation and tillage of soil, dairying, the
production, cultivation, growing and harvesting of any
agricultural and horticultural commodities, the raising of
livestock or poultry, and any practices performed by a farmer
on a farm as an incident to or in conjunction with such
farming operations, but does not include the manufacturing or
processing of sugar, coconuts, abaca, tobacco, pineapple or
other farm products. (Art. 97 (d), Chapter I, Title II, Labor
Code of the Philippines).

6. Legal Meanings and Scope
5. Agriculture, Agricultural Enterprise or Agricultural Activity
means the cultivation of the soil, planting of crops, growing of
fruit trees, including the harvesting of such farm products, and
other farm activities and practices performed by a farmer in
conjunction with such farming operations done by persons
whether natural or juridical. (Sec. 3b, Chapter I, Comprehensive
Agrarian Reform Law of 1988 (R.A. No. 6657 as amended by R.
A. 7881), Philippines. Retrieved September 2, 2010 from
http://www.chanrobles.com/legal4agrarianlaw. htm.

7. Legal Meanings and Scope
6.“Farming” or “agriculture” shall include farming in all of its branches
and the cultivation and tillage of the soil, dairying, the production,
cultivation, growing and harvesting of any agricultural, aquacultural,
floricultural or horticultural commodities, the growing and harvesting of
forest products upon forest land, the raising of livestock including horses,
the keeping of horses as a commercial enterprise, the keeping and
raising of poultry, swine, cattle and other domesticated animals used for
food purposes, bees, fur-bearing animals, and any forestry or lumbering
operations, performed by a farmer, who is hereby defined as one
engaged in agriculture or farming as herein defined, or on a farm as an
incident to or in conjunction with such farming operations, including
preparations for market, delivery to storage or to market or to carriers for
transportation to market. (Sec. 1a, Chapter 128, M.G.L. Retrieved
September 2, 2010 from http://www.mass.gov/legis/mgl/128-1a. htm).

8. Legal Meanings and Scope
6.“Agricuture is the science of cultivating the soil, harvesting
crops, and raising livestockand also as the
science or art of the production of plants and
animals useful to man and in varying degrees
the preparation of such products for man's use
and their disposal. Miller v. Dixon, 176 Neb. 659,
127 N.W.2d 203, 206

9. Legal Meanings and Scope
6.“Agriculture includes farming in all its branches and among
other things includes thecultivation and tillage of the soil,
dairying, the production, cultivation, growing, and harvesting of
any agricultural or horticultural commodities, the raising of
livestock or poultry, and any practices performed by a farmer on
a farm as an incident to or in conjunction with some farming
operations, but does not include the manufacturing or processing
of sugar, coconuts, abaca, tobacco, pineapples or other farm
products. (Rileco, Inc. v. Mindanao Congress of Labor-Ramie
United Workers’ Assn., 26 SCRA 224 [1968]. It also includes
production activities involving the use of saltbeds.

10. “Farming looks mighty easy when
your plow is a pencil and you're
a thousand miles from the corn
field.
- Dwight D. Eisenhower
”

11. Farming is the practice of cultivating the land or raising stock.
Farmer is a person who operates a farm and is engaged in agriculture, raising
living organisms for food or raw materials. The term usually applies to people who
do some combination of raising field crops, orchards, vineyards, poultry, or other
Agrarian Society is any community whose economy is based on producing and
maintaining crops and farmland. Another way to define an agrarian society is by
seeing how much of a nation's total production is in agriculture.
Share-Cropping is a form of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to
use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on their portion of land.

12. Sharecropping has a long history and there are a wide range of different situations and types
of agreements that have used a form of the system. Share-Farming makes use of agricultural
assets they do not own in return for some percentage of the profits.
Horticulture is the branch of agriculture that deals with the art, science, technology, and
business of growing plants. It includes the cultivation of medicinal plants, fruits, vegetables,
nuts, seeds, herbs, sprouts, mushrooms, algae, flowers, seaweeds and non-food crops such as
grass and ornamental trees and plants. It also includes plant conservation, landscape
restoration, landscape and garden design, construction, and maintenance. Horticulture even
refers to the growing of plants in a field or garden
.

13. Subsistence Agriculture
Subsistence Agriculture is self-sufficiency farming in which the
farmers focus on growing enough food to feed themselves and their
families. The output is mostly for local requirements with little or no
surplus trade. The typical subsistence farm has a range of crops and
animals needed by the family to feed and clothe themselves during the
year. Planting decisions are made principally with an eye toward what
the family will need during the coming year, and secondarily toward
market prices. Tony Waters writes: "Subsistence peasants are people
who grow what they eat, build their own houses, and live without
regularly making purchases in the marketplace."

14. SYSTEMS IN FARMING
Extensive Farming is an agricultural production system
that uses small inputs of labor, fertilizers, and capital,
relative to the land area being farmed.
Intensive Farming involves various types of agriculture
with higher levels of input and output per cubic unit of
agricultural land area. It is characterized by a low fallow
ratio, higher use of inputs such as capital and labour, and
higher crop yields per cubic unit land area.

15. FARMING
Produce is a groupof farm-
produced cropsand goods, including
fruits and vegetables –
meats, grains, oats, etc.
are also sometimes considered
produce.

16. Orchard is an intentional planting of trees or shrubs
that is maintained for food production. Orchards
comprise fruit- or nut-producing trees which are
generally grown for commercial production.
Vineyard is a plantation of grape-bearing vines, grown
mainly for winemaking, but also raisins, table grapes
and non-alcoholic grape juice. The science, practice
and study of vineyard production is known as
viticulture.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

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• Perennial Plant is a plant that lives more than two years.
Perennial plants can be shortlived (only a few years) or they
can be long-lived, as are some woody plants like trees. Many
perennials have developed specialized features that allow
them to survive extreme climatic and environmental
conditions. Perennials, especially small flowering plants, that
grow and bloom over the spring and summer, die back every
autumn and winter, and then return in the spring from their
rootstock, are known as herbaceous perennials.
CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTS

18. CREDITS: This presentation template was created by
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infographics & images by Freepik
• Annual Plant is a plant that completes its life
cycle within one year and then dies, going from
germination to the production of seeds.
.
CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTS
Biennial Plant is a flowering plant that takes two
years to complete its biological lifecycle. In the
first year, the plant grows leaves, stems, and
roots (vegetative structures), then it enters a
period of dormancy over the colder months.