Sts

1. SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND
SOCIETY

2. INTECONNECTIONS BETWEEN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
• Science explores for the purpose of
knowing, while technology explores for the
purpose of making something useful from
that knowledge
• Science drives technology by making new technology possible
through scientific breakthroughs.

3. • Engineers focus on using science to develop products.
• Without technology, some science experiments would not be
possible.

4. • Without science, technology could not proceed.

6. What is SCIENCE?
SCIENCE as an idea
It includes ideas, theories, and all available systematic explanations
and observation about the natural and physical world.
SCIENCE as an intellectual activity
It encompasses a systematic and
practical study of the natural and
physical world. This process of study
involves systematic observations and
experiments.

7. SCIENCE as a body of knowledge
It is a subject or a discipline, a field of study that deals
with the process of learning about the natural and
physical world. This is what we refer to a school
science
SCIENCE as a personal and social activity
This explains that science is both knowledge and activities done by human
beings to develop better understanding of the world around them

8. ANCIENT TIMES
• a term refers to the aggregate of past events from the beginning of
writing and recorded human history and extending as far as the
post-classical history. The phrase may be used either to refer to the
period of time or the academic discipline.

9. TRANSPORTATION AND NAVIGATION
- People were trying to go places and discover new horizons
- They travelled to search for food and to trade their surplus goods in
exchange for things.
- Navigation assisted them to their unfamiliar and strange areas in the
world. It allowed them to return home after they discovered new
places.
COMMUNICATION AND RECORD KEEPING
- Essential in their endeavors to discover and occupy new places
- Needed a way to communicate with the natives of the areas they visited
so as to facilitate trade and prevent possible conflicts.

10. - Record keeping was also important since they needed to remember
the places hey has been to and document the trades they w/ each other
- Vital to keep records of their history and culture so they establish their
identities as they tried to relate w/ other cultures & civilizations
WEAPONS AND ARMORS
- Important as well in the discovery of new places or establishment of
new alliances w/ other tribes.
HEALTH
- The early people might have been successful in harnessing the rice
resources but their survival posed a great problem.

11. Major Technological Advancement during
Ancient Times
• Sumerians
• Babylonians
• Egyptians
• Greek
• Roman
• Chinese

12. SUMERIAN CIVILIZATION
• Sumeria is located on the southernmost tip of ancient Mesopotamia.
• Sumerians are known for their high degree of cooperation with one
another and their desire for great things.
CUNEIFORM
• is a system that utilizes word
pictures and triangular symbols
which are carved on clay using
wedge instruments and then
left to dry. It allowed the
Sumerians to keep records of
things with great historical value
or their everyday life.

13. URUK CITY
The Sumerians were
able to build the city
using only mud and
clay from river, which
they mixed with
reeds producing sun-
baked bricks.
The city of Uruk is most famous for its great king Gilgamesh and the epic
tale of his quest for immortality but also for a number of `firsts' in the
development of civilization which occurred there.

14. THE GREAT ZIGGURAT OF UR
Ziggurat of Ur (reconstruction)
The Ziggurat, also called the
mountain of God, was built in
the same manner that they
constructed the City of Ur.
Served as the sacred place of
their chief God where only their
priests were allowed to enter.
Until today people still enjoy
and marvel at the preserved
Great Ziggurat of Ur.

15. IRRIGATION AND DIKES
Sumerian fields
• Sumerians created dikes and irrigation
canals to bring water to farmlands and at
the same time control the flooding of the
rivers. This method considered as one of
the worlds most beneficial engineering
works.
• Sumerians were able to enjoy year-long
farming and harvesting which increased
their food production.

16. SAILBOATS
Mesopotamian Sailboats
They needed a mode of transportation that
did not require much of human resource.
Some sources attribute to the Sumerians
the invention of sailboats to address their
increasing demands.
Sailboats were essential in transportation
and trading as well as in fostering culture,
information and technology.

17. WHEELS
Mesopotamian wheel
The first wheels were not made for
transportation but for farm work
and food processes. Farmers were
able to mill will less effort in less
time
THE PLOW
Mesopotamian plow
It was used by the Mesopotamians to
make farming more efficient than doing
it all by hand. This allowed for farming to
be more efficient, which was the main
goal of this invention. It also had to be
worked by three people.

18. ROADS
The Sumerian developed the first
road. With this work, the flow of
traffic became faster and more
organized.
They made the roads with the same
technology they used in making the
sun-baked bricks, later poured
bitumen, a black sticky substance
similar to asphalt to smoothens the
roads.

19. BAYLONIAN CIVILIZATION
• Babylonian civilization emerged near
the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers.
• They were great builders, engineers
and architects.
• One of their major contributions is
the hanging garden of Babylon, one
of the seven wonders of the ancient
world.

20. HANGING GARDENS OF BABYLON
The Hanging Gardens of
Babylon may be considered
as one of the greatest
engineering and
architectural achievements
of the world that is almost
impossible to replicate.

21. EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION
• is located in North Africa.
• Starting around 5500 BCE two
major kingdoms developed
along the Nile. Historians call
them Upper Egypt and
Lower Egypt. Around 3200
BCE, Egypt was brought
together under one ruler—King
Narmer (sometimes called
Menes). This is recognized as
the beginning of the Egyptian
civilization.

22. PAPER OR PAPYRUS
• Papyrus was a plant that grew abundantly along the Nile River in
Egypt. They were able to process the plant in order to produce thin
sheets on which could write down things.
• This invention was a major accomplishment in Egyptians record-
keeping and communication.

23. INK HIEROGLYPHICS
• The Egyptians invented ink by
combining soot with different
chemicals to produce inks of different
colors.
• Used to record history, culture and
codified laws. It must also be tamper-
proof so that people could not simply
tinker with those written down by
authorities.
• are symbols in the form of pictures
which are used in some writing
systems, for example those of
ancient Egypt.
• a language that tells the modern
world of the history and culture of
the ancient Egyptians.
Egyptian hieroglyphics

24. COSMETICS
• The Egyptians also invented the use of
cosmetics.
Egyptian woman putting kohl in her eyes
Kohl Soot
• Egyptians wore kohl around the eyes to
prevent and even cure eye disease. Kohl
was created by mixing soot or malachite
with mineral galena.
• Egyptians also believe that a person
wearing make up was protected from evil
and that beauty was a sign of holiness. At
present the cosmetic industry is a booming
multibillion industry.

25. WIG
Egyptians wearing wig
• During the Egyptian times, wigs were worn for
health and wellness rather than for aesthetics
purposes.
• used to protect the shaved heads of the
wealthy Egyptians from the harmful rays of
the sun.
• Wearing a wig was better than putting a scarf
or any other head cover since a wig allowed
heat to escape.

26. WATER CLOCK/CLEPSYDRA
Egyptian water clock
• This device utilizes gravity that affects the
flow of water from one vessel to the other.
• The amount of water(or its height, depending
on the method used) remaining in the device
determines how much time has elapsed since
it is full. In the process, time is measured.
• The water clock was widely used as a
timekeeping device during the ancient times.

27. GREEK CIVILIZATION
• Ancient Greece was a civilization belonging to a period
of Greek history from the Greek Dark Ages of the 12th–
9th centuries BC to the end of antiquity. Immediately
following this period was the beginning of the Early
Middle Ages and the Byzantine era.
• Greek civilization has contributed much to the world
especially in the fields of science and technology.
• Ancient Greece is most known for being the birthplace of democracy,
its artists, famous philosophers, and scientists. Greece is known for its
production of marble, olives and olive oil, feta cheese, honey, and red
saffron.

28. ALARM CLOCK The alarm clock of Plato(the first awakening
device in human history)
The upper ceramic vessel supplies the next vessel
through an (appropriately calculated for every case)
outflow funnel.
When the second vessel becomes full at the
programmed moment (for example after 7 hours)
through the internally located axial pipette, it evacuates
fast towards the next closed vessel and forces the
contained air to come out whistling through a tube at its
top.
After its function, the third vessel empties slowly
(through a small hole located at its bottom) towards the
lower storage vessel in order to be reused.

29. WATER MILL
• an engine that uses a water wheel or
turbine to drive a mechanical process
such as flour or lumber production, or
metal shaping (rolling, grinding or wire
drawing). A watermill that only generates
electricity is more usually called a
hydroelectric plant.

30. ROMAN CIVILIZATION
• the Roman Empire was perceived to be
the strongest political and social entity in
the west
• was considered to be the cradle of politics
and governance during that period. A lot
of discoveries and inventions still relevant
today cane be attributed to the Roman
Empire.

31. NEWSPAPER
• The first newspaper, known as gazettes,
contained announcements of Roman
Empire to the people. Made before the
invention of paper, thee gazette were
engraved in metal or stone tablets and
then publicly displayed.

32. BOUND BOOKS OR CODEX
Codex, the Earliest Form of a Bound Book. A
codex was an early form of what we now
know as a book. A codex is distinguished by
handwritten, sequential pages bound
together and enclosed between a case (that
is, cover) to form a single, portable unit of
reading material.

33. ROMAN ARCHITECTURE
Roman Forum in Italy

34. ROMAN NUMERALS
Roman numerals are a numeral system
that originated in ancient Rome and
remained the usual way of writing
numbers throughout Europe well into the
Late Middle Ages. Numbers in this system
are represented by combinations of
letters from the Latin alphabet.

35. CHINESE CIVILIZATION
• Considered to be the oldest civilization in Asia, if not the world.
• Known as the middle kingdom, China is located on the far east of Asia.
• Famous among other ancient civilization because of its silk trade. Not a
great amount was written about ancient China partly due to its distance
from the other civilization

36. SILK
• Silk is naturally produces by silk worms, the
Chinese were the ones who developed the
technology to harvest the silk and process it to
produce paper and clothing.
• Silk production resulted in the creation for
trade.
• Silk trade opened China to the outside world,
making way for cultural, economic and scientific
exchanges.

37. TEA PRODUCTION
• Tea production developed by the ancient
Chinese may have resulted in making teas as
one of the most popular beverages in the world
today.
• Because of this invention, tea Chinese were able
to increase their production of tea and trade
with other nations.
• Tea is a beverage produced by pouring hot or
boiling water over crushed or shredded dried
tea leaves. It was believed that the first tea was
drunk by a Chinese emperor.

38. GREAT WALL OF CHINA
• Considered the only man made
structure that could be seen from the
outer space, the largest and most
expensive infrastructure that the
nation built.
• The Great Wall of China still continues
to be a world attraction due to its
historical significance and architectural
grandeur.

39. GUNPOWDER
• Gunpowder is widely used to
propel bullets from guns and
cannons which cause countless
deaths.
• Gunpowder propelled weapon
are preferred by raiders who
plan to attack at a distance.
• Is used in fireworks during
important celebration in China

40. MEDIEVAL/MIDDLE AGES
• in Europe was a long period of history from 500
AD to 1500 AD. It covers the time from the fall
of the Roman Empire to the rise of the Ottoman
Empire. The beginning of the Middle Ages is
called the Dark Ages because the great
civilizations of Rome and Greece had been
conquered.
• This was a time of castles and peasants, guilds and monasteries, cathedrals
and crusades.

41. Some of the most innovative minds came from this period:
PRINTING PRESS
• Johann Gutenberg was the inventor of printing press
• A printing press is a mechanical device for applying
pressure to an inked surface resting upon a print
medium, thereby transferring the ink.
• The printing press was invented to address the need
for publishing books that would spread information to
many people at a faster rate.

42. MICROSCOPE
• Zacharias Janssen was the inventor of the first compound
microscope
• This device, people were able to observe organisms that
were normally unseen by the naked eye. The microscope was
key in discovering new means in preventing and curing
various illnesses.

43. TELESCOPE
• Galileo was considered the first to invent the telescope. The telescope was invented in
the fall of 1609 in Venice. The Telescope magnified 10 times what you could see with
out it. The Telescope was made out of wood and leather, which had a convex main lens
and a concave eyepiece.
• Together with the telescope, the invention of compass, oars and rudders mde sea
travelling easier and safer.

44. WAR WEAPONS

45. MODERN TIMES
• People needed efficient means of transportation to trade more goods & cover larger
distance
• Machines that required animals to operate must thus be upgraded
• Faster and easier means to communicate and compute should be developed to
establish connections between and among nations.
• Food and processing and medicine posed some of
the bigger challenges since health was of great
concern.

46. PASTEURIZATION
• Is the heat treatment of a product to kill pathogenic bacteria and reduce enzymatic
activity. The purpose is to make the product safe for consumption and to lengthen
product shelf life.
• Louis Pasteur, a French biologist, microbiologist and chemist, found a way to solve the
problem. He invented pasteurization, the
process of heating dairy products to kill the
harmful bacteria that allow them to spoil
faster. Other contributions of Pasteur to
science, technology and medicine included
his works on molecular asymmetry,
fermentation and vaccination.

47. PETROLEUM REFINERY
• The modern times demanded better means of powering homes and transportation.
• Samuel M. Kier was able to invent kerosene by refining petroleum. Kerosene was later
on referred to as the “illuminating oil” because it was used at first to provide lighting to
homes. After some time, it was applied for heating purposes. At present, petroleum is
widely used in powering automobiles, factories and power plants among others.

48. TELEPHONE
• The more people got connected by trade and
exploration, the more they needed a way to
easily maintain these connections and
communicate with each other in real time.
• The development of the telephone by
Alexander Graham Bell was one of the most
important inventions at that time.

49. CALCULATOR
• Computing devices must also be easy to carry since they would be utilized on a day to
day basis. The creation of modern calculators did not only pave the way for easier
arithmetic calculations but also resulted in the development of more complex
processing machines like the computer.

50. PHILIPPINE INVENTIONS
Despite being considered a developing country, the Philippines also contributes to the
global advancement of science and technology. Many of the discoveries and inventions
made by the Filipino were therefore built from indigenous materials or created to adapt
to the harsh tropical environment.
SALAMANDER AMPHIBIOUS TRICYCLE
The Salamander is an amphibious tricycle which
can carry six passengers, including the driver,
that can drive over land and water, directly.
The tricycle is built on a compartmentalized,
double-hull, fiberglass body that would not sink
even if a section sustains damage.

52. SALT LAMP
Saltwater. Something very ordinary,
perhaps even mundane but for Aisa Mijeno,
it is a way to generate energy and provide
an alternative source of light to remote
communities in the Philippines. Together
with her brother, Raphael, they
founded SALT or Sustainable Alternative Li
ghting. She happily explained the concept
of salt with us and how she plans to create
a social movement.
Salt lamp new design

53. MOSQUITO OVICIDAL / LARVICIDAL TRAP SYSTEM
▪ Pondevida, was awarded for developing the Mosquito Ovicidal-Larvicidal (OL) trap system.
The trap works by attracting female mosquitoes to lay eggs on the paddle drenched with
an organic solution. This solution kills the eggs and larvae, preventing mosquitoes from
reaching adulthood.
▪ The Department of Science and Technology
(DOST) through its Industrial Technology
Development Institute (ITDI) developed the
mosquito ovicidal / larvicidal trap (OL trap) which
aims to control the population of the dengue-
carrying Aedes mosquitoes. It was introduced in
2011.