4. is a pervasive developmental
disorder characterized by a triad deficit:
qualitative impairments in social interactions,
communication deficits & repetitive and
stereotyped pattern of behavior.
6. Prevalence: 10 to 20 per 10,000 children; .
now 1 of every 150 children..
Age: Onset before 36 months of age.
Sex: Male: Female = 3-4: 1.
Socioeconomic Status: No association .
7. Deficits in Social Behavior:
Autistic infants tend to avoid eye contact.
Indifferent to affection.
Do not want to be cuddled or kissed.
Do not show normal separation or stranger anxiety.
Lack interest in playing group games.
Unable to form peer relationships.
8. Impairment in Nonverbal Communication:
They don't use body gestures to communicate.
Don't shake their head no or nod yes or wave good-bye.
Deficient in using expressive gestures to communicate
their emotional state.
Appear wooden and expressionless much of the time.
Show only the extreme of emotions
e.g. joy, fear, or anger.
9. Impairment in Verbal Communication:
40% of individuals with autism never speak.
Echolalia and grammatical immaturities.
No imagination, abstraction or subtle emotions.
Robot or staccato speech.
Chanting or singsong speech.
10. Unusual Patterns of Behavior:
Resistance to Change.
Ritualistic or Compulsive Behaviors.
Abnormal Attachments.
Unusual Responses to Sensory Experiences.
Abnormal Eating Behavior.
11. Intelligence and Cognitive Deficits
60%
30%
10%
Special skills (10%) IQ70 or more (30%)
IQ below 50 (60%)
13. Diagnostic Criteria for Autistic
Disorder
A total of six ( or more)
Items from social , communication and
behavior impairment
At least 2 from social impairment
and at least 1 from communication
impairment
And 1 from behavior
impairment
16. Higher-functioning form of autism.
Not evident until the third year of life.
No serious delay in language
development.
Average or higher intelligence.
Aloof, distant and lacking empathy with
others.
Good pronosis.
17. X-linked dominant disorder.
Affecting girls almost exclusively .
Development normally :6 m to 2 years.
Acquired microcephaly.
Stereotypic hand wringing.
Loss of purposeful hand movements.
18. Normal up to at least 2 years of age.
Loss of previously acquired skills.
loss of bowel or bladder control.
Poor Prognosis.
21. Def: the extent to which clinical variance is accounted for by
genetic factors. It is estimated to be greater than 90%.
Evidence:
1- Twin Studies:
- MZ twins: Concordance rate is 60% to 90%.
- DZ twins: Concordance is 0 to 10%.
2- Family Studies:
- Sibling recurrence risk: 2% to 6%.
- Broader autism phenotype.
3- High incidence of co-occurring neurogenetic
disorders.
22. Part of genetic
disorder
Polygenic (MEGDI)
model
Angelman
Fragile X
TSC
NF
> 10 loci
Multifactorial
Mixed
Epigenetic
Genetic
De novo
Inherited
23. The 'imprinted brain hypothesis' suggests that
competition between maternally and paternally
expressed genes leads to conflicts within the autistic
individual which could result in an imbalance in the
brain's development.
Autism is the consequence of the failure of the maternal
brain, and the impulsiveness, compulsiveness and
contrariness of autistics is the inevitable result of the
paternal brain’s corresponding success.
27. Full clinical evaluation including physical and
mental state .
Specific developmental, psychometric and
educational assessment.
Rating scales:
Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC).
Childhood Autism Rating Scales
(CARS).
28.
29. Are we have any
modalities of
treatment to cure
autism?
30. Special Education Intervention.
Behavior Therapy .
Speech and Language Therapies.
Social Skills Training .
Sensory Integration Therapy .
Auditory Integration Training.
Pharmacotherapy.
Complementary Medicine.
36. Initiation as soon as possible.
Systematic activities at least 25 hours/week, 12
months/year.
Low student-to-teacher ratio.
Family involvement.
Peer interaction.
Measurement of progress and program
adjustment.
Structured routine and physical boundaries.
Generalization of skills to new situations.
Curricula for communication; reduction of
maladaptive behavior; social, adaptive,
cognitive, and academic skills.
37. 1- Neuroleptics.
2- SSRI.
3- Stimulants.
4- Anticonvulsants.
5- Natural and Synthetic Hormones.
6- Other Medications and Supplements.
38. Newton and Einstein may have Asperger's Disorder.
1-2%: Normal life.
5-20 % : Borderline prognosis.
70 %: Totally dependent upon support.