Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social communication and interaction, as well as restricted and repetitive behaviors. According to the DSM-5, ASD includes prior diagnoses of Asperger's syndrome and autistic disorder. ASD is often diagnosed before age 6 and causes impairment in social, occupational, and academic functioning. While there is no known cure, early diagnosis and a variety of treatments including behavioral therapy and specialized education services can help children with ASD develop skills.

1. Autism Spectrum Disorder
299.00 (F84.0)
Dimaporo, Fatmah
Gozon, Romeo

2. AUTISM SPECTRUM
DISORDER (ASD)
DOWN SYNDROME AUTISM SPECTRUM
DISORDER

3. DSM IV-DSM V
Asperger’s syndrome and Autistic Disorder were listed as
subcategories within the diagnosis of Pervasive
Developmental Disorders.
The manual includes the range of
characteristics and severity within one
category.
Symptoms of Asperger’s syndrome or Autistic Disorder
are now included as part of the category called ASD

4. Neurodevelopmental
Disorders
Manifest early in development, often
before the child enters grade school.
Characterized by deficit that produce
impairments of: social, academic or
occupational functioning
The neurodevelopmental disorders
frequently co-occur.

5. History of Autism
From the early
1900s
-autism has
referred to a range
of neuro-
psychological
conditions.
Eugen Bleuler
-Swiss psychiatrist,
was the first
person to use the
term
-to refer to one
group of symptoms
of schizophrenia.
1980
"Infantile autism" is
listed in the
Diagnostic and
Statistical Manual
of Mental Disorders
(DSM).
1987
DSM replaces "infantile autism"
with a more expansive
definition of "autism disorder."
1980s and 1990s
the role of behavioral therapy and the
use of highly controlled learning
environments emerged as the primary
treatments for many forms of autism.

6. Deficit in social
communication &
interest across
multiple context
•Failure of normal back-and-forth
conversation
•Deficits in nonverbal
communication used for social
interaction such as: eye contact,
body language & use of gestures
•Deficit in developing, maintaining
and understanding relationships
Repetitive
behaviors or
interests
• Repetitive motor
movements
• Distress at changes
• Fixated interests that are
abnormal in intensity
• Unusual interest in sensory
aspects of the environment
Symptoms must be
present in the early
developmental period
• Often before the
child enters
grade school
Symptoms
Cause clinically
significant impairment in
• Social functioning
• Occupational functioning
• Academic
Not better
explained by
• Intellectual disability
disorder

7. Having above-average
intelligence – the
CDC reports 46% of
ASD children have
above average
intelligence
Being strong visual and
auditory learners
Being able to learn things
in detail and remember
information for long
periods of time
Excelling in math,
science, music, or art.
Strengths

8. Severity Level
Requiring
Support
1. Difficulty
initiating social
interactions
2. Significant
interference with
functioning in 1
or more activities.
3. Difficulty
switching
between
activities.
Requiring
Substantial
Support
1. Deficits in
verbal &
nonverbal
communication
skills
2. Abnormal
responses
3. Difficulty
coping with
change.
Requiring
Very
Substantial
Support
1. Very limited
social response &
minimal response.
2. Extreme difficulty
coping with change.
3. Great distress
with change

9. Causes
• Advanced parental age
• Low birth weight
• Fetal exposure to
valproate
Environmental
• 37%-90% heritability
• If genetic mutation,
ASD is penetrant
Genetic

10. Other causes
• increased activity of
serotonin in the
developing brain may
facilitate the onset of
autism spectrum disorder
Serotonin
• a mother who was 35 or
older, and/or a father who
was 40 or older when the
baby was born
Having older
parents

11. •Boys are more
likely to be
diagnosed with
ASD than girls
Gender
•1 out of every 68
children, or 14.7
per 1,000, have
some form of
ASD as of 2010
Ratio
Epidemiology

12. Difference
from ASD
Asperger’s
Syndrome
Child
Disintegrative
Disorder
Pervasive
Developmental
Disorder

13. Life of a child with ASD
Bullied
63% of 1,167 children with
autism, ages six to 15
Very few
confidants
Depressed

14. Children with ASD are
entitled to early
intervention services and
special education
Team approach and role for
parents as equal partners in the
planning for an individual child,
and promotes an education in
the least restrictive environment
Individuals with
Disability
Education
Act

15. Educate Yourself
Reach Out to the Parents
Prepare the Classroom
Educate Peers and Promote
Social Goals
Teaching Techniques

16. Treatment
Early
diagnosis and
treatment
NO CURE

17. Behavioral
training and
management
Specialized
therapies
Medicines
Community
support and
parent
training

18. Medicines
Serotonin
Inhibitors
•Sertraline
•Fluoxetine
Anti-
psychotic
•Risperidone
•Haloperidol

19. References
• http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/autism-spectrum-disorders-
asd/index.shtml
• http://www.webmd.com/brain/autism/development-disorder#1
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pervasive_developmental_disorder
• http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/its-no-surprise-that-people-with-
autism-have-a-low-life-expectancy-our-needs-as-adults-are-being-
a6964751.html
• http://www.webmd.com/brain/autism/medications-for-autism
• DSM-V