Paulo Freire was a Brazilian educator and philosopher known for his influential work on critical pedagogy. He was born in 1921 in Brazil and worked as a teacher and school director early in his career, developing his theories on liberating education for the oppressed. In 1964, a military coup imprisoned him for 70 days due to his leftist views. He went on to publish influential books like Pedagogy of the Oppressed and Pedagogy of Freedom. Freire worked internationally as an advisor and advocate for education reform focused on empowering marginalized groups until his death in 1997.