The document provides instructions on calculating the perimeter and area of different shapes. It defines perimeter as the distance around the outside of a shape and area as the amount of space inside the shape. It explains how to find the perimeter and area of rectangles, irregular shapes, and composite shapes that are made up of other shapes. Formulas for calculating perimeter and area of rectangles are given. Worked examples of calculating perimeter and area for different shapes are provided.
The document discusses techniques for mentally extracting square roots and cube roots. It provides charts listing the first 10 squares and cubes, and notes properties like which digits appear in the ones place for different numbers. For square roots of larger numbers, it describes a process of splitting the number, finding the largest perfect square less than the left part to get the tens digit, and using the right part to determine the ones digit. A similar process is outlined for cube roots. Examples are provided to demonstrate applying these mental calculation techniques.
The document discusses rotational symmetry, which is when a shape looks the same after being rotated. It provides examples of shapes with different orders of rotational symmetry, such as a square having order 4 symmetry. Road signs and letters of the alphabet are used to demonstrate rotational symmetry. Pentominoes and 7-pin polygons are introduced and examples are given of shapes with different rotational symmetry orders to sort.
This document defines key terms and formulas related to circles, including circumference and area. It defines a circle as all points equidistant from a given center point. The radius is the distance from the center to the edge, and the diameter runs through the center. Circumference is defined as the distance around the circle and is calculated using either C=2πr or C=πd. Area is calculated as A=πr^2. Several examples are provided to demonstrate calculating circumference and area using these formulas.
Presentation on introducing whole numberVivek Kumar
The document defines and discusses properties of whole numbers. Whole numbers include all positive integers from 0 to infinity, and are represented by W. They include natural numbers and counting numbers. Key properties of whole numbers are that they are closed under addition and multiplication, follow the associative property, commutative property, and distributive property. Operations on whole numbers include addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
This document explains how to cube numbers by multiplying them by themselves three times. It provides examples of numbers cubed, such as 3 cubed equals 27. It then discusses cube roots, which are the inverse operation of cubing a number. Cube roots can be used to find the length of one side of a cube if you know the volume. The document shows the cube root symbol and provides an example of taking the cube root of 27 to equal 3. It also lists some perfect cubes of whole numbers up to 8000 and provides steps for estimating cube roots.
This document provides simple tests and tricks for determining if a number is divisible by certain integers between 2 and 11. It explains that to check divisibility by:
- 2, look at the last digit
- 3, sum the digits and check if divisible by 3
- 4, check if the last two digits are divisible by 4
- 5, check if the last digit is 0 or 5
- 6, check if divisible by both 2 and 3
- 8, check if the last three digits are divisible by 8
- 9, sum the digits and check if divisible by 9
- 10, check if it ends in 0
- 11, take the difference of sums of odd and even place digits.
The document provides instructions on calculating the perimeter and area of different shapes. It defines perimeter as the distance around the outside of a shape and area as the amount of space inside the shape. It explains how to find the perimeter and area of rectangles, irregular shapes, and composite shapes that are made up of other shapes. Formulas for calculating perimeter and area of rectangles are given. Worked examples of calculating perimeter and area for different shapes are provided.
The document discusses techniques for mentally extracting square roots and cube roots. It provides charts listing the first 10 squares and cubes, and notes properties like which digits appear in the ones place for different numbers. For square roots of larger numbers, it describes a process of splitting the number, finding the largest perfect square less than the left part to get the tens digit, and using the right part to determine the ones digit. A similar process is outlined for cube roots. Examples are provided to demonstrate applying these mental calculation techniques.
The document discusses rotational symmetry, which is when a shape looks the same after being rotated. It provides examples of shapes with different orders of rotational symmetry, such as a square having order 4 symmetry. Road signs and letters of the alphabet are used to demonstrate rotational symmetry. Pentominoes and 7-pin polygons are introduced and examples are given of shapes with different rotational symmetry orders to sort.
This document defines key terms and formulas related to circles, including circumference and area. It defines a circle as all points equidistant from a given center point. The radius is the distance from the center to the edge, and the diameter runs through the center. Circumference is defined as the distance around the circle and is calculated using either C=2πr or C=πd. Area is calculated as A=πr^2. Several examples are provided to demonstrate calculating circumference and area using these formulas.
Presentation on introducing whole numberVivek Kumar
The document defines and discusses properties of whole numbers. Whole numbers include all positive integers from 0 to infinity, and are represented by W. They include natural numbers and counting numbers. Key properties of whole numbers are that they are closed under addition and multiplication, follow the associative property, commutative property, and distributive property. Operations on whole numbers include addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
This document explains how to cube numbers by multiplying them by themselves three times. It provides examples of numbers cubed, such as 3 cubed equals 27. It then discusses cube roots, which are the inverse operation of cubing a number. Cube roots can be used to find the length of one side of a cube if you know the volume. The document shows the cube root symbol and provides an example of taking the cube root of 27 to equal 3. It also lists some perfect cubes of whole numbers up to 8000 and provides steps for estimating cube roots.
This document provides simple tests and tricks for determining if a number is divisible by certain integers between 2 and 11. It explains that to check divisibility by:
- 2, look at the last digit
- 3, sum the digits and check if divisible by 3
- 4, check if the last two digits are divisible by 4
- 5, check if the last digit is 0 or 5
- 6, check if divisible by both 2 and 3
- 8, check if the last three digits are divisible by 8
- 9, sum the digits and check if divisible by 9
- 10, check if it ends in 0
- 11, take the difference of sums of odd and even place digits.
This document contains a math problem, jokes about numbers, math facts, and word problems. It discusses why 6 is afraid of 7 because 7 8 9, the volume of a pizza being π*z*z*a, the origin of the word "hundred" meaning 120 not 100, and the numbers 1, 2, and 3 giving the same result when multiplied and added. The document is authored by Soumya Jain in class VII-E.
Patterns are arrangements that follow a rule, such as shapes sorted in a specific order or numbers in a sequence. This document discusses how patterns can be found in shapes, numbers, size, and telling time. It encourages readers to identify more patterns after learning about them.
This document provides an overview of fractions, decimals, and operations involving them. It discusses types of fractions like proper, mixed, and improper fractions. It also covers equivalent fractions, addition and subtraction of like and unlike fractions, and multiplication and division of fractions. Regarding decimals, it defines them as numbers with a decimal point separating the whole number part from the fractional part. It discusses comparing and performing operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on decimals. Finally, it briefly mentions conversion of metric units.
This document discusses different types of symmetry in shapes and figures. It defines a line of symmetry as a line on which a figure can be folded to match both sides exactly. It then provides examples of shapes with lines of symmetry like hearts and flags. It discusses rotational symmetry in regular polygons and defines other types of symmetry like translation as sliding a figure and reflection as flipping a figure over a line. The document uses examples of shapes to illustrate these different symmetry concepts.
The document discusses multiples and factors. It defines multiples as numbers formed by multiplying a given number by the counting numbers. Factors are the numbers multiplied together to get a product. The document provides examples of finding multiples and factors of various numbers. It also defines prime and composite numbers.
This document summarizes key terms and theorems related to circles:
1. It defines circles and related terms like radius, diameter, chord, arc, and sector.
2. It describes theorems like equal chords subtend equal angles at the center, and conversely if angles are equal then chords are equal.
3. Other concepts covered include perpendiculars from the center bisect chords, congruent arcs subtend equal angles, and cyclic quadrilaterals have opposite angles summing to 180 degrees.
- The document discusses the concept of volume and how to calculate the volume of cubes and cuboids.
- To calculate the volume of a cube, use the formula: Volume = Length x Length x Length.
- To calculate the volume of a cuboid, use the formula: Volume = Length x Breadth x Height.
- It provides examples of calculating volumes of cubes and cuboids of different dimensions.
The document defines and provides examples of the six main types of angles: acute angles which are less than 90 degrees; right angles of 90 degrees; obtuse angles between 90 and 180 degrees; straight angles of 180 degrees; reflex angles between 180 and 360 degrees; and complete angles of 360 degrees. Examples are given for each type of angle to illustrate their defining characteristics and measures.
This document discusses the formulas for calculating the surface areas and volumes of various 3D shapes. It covers cubes, cuboids, cylinders, cones, spheres, and hemispheres. For each shape, it provides the relevant formulas to calculate surface area (total and lateral) and volume based on attributes like length, width, height, radius, diameter, and slant height.
Symmetry (from Greek συμμετρία symmetria "agreement in dimensions, due proportion, arrangement")[1] in everyday language refers to a sense of harmonious and beautiful proportion and balance.[2][3][a] In mathematics, "symmetry" has a more precise definition, that an object is invariant to any of various transformations; including reflection, rotation or scaling. Although these two meanings of "symmetry" can sometimes be told apart, they are related, so they are here discussed together.
Mathematical symmetry may be observed with respect to the passage of time; as a spatial relationship; through geometric transformations; through other kinds of functional transformations; and as an aspect of abstract objects, theoretic models, language, music and even knowledge itself.[4][b]
This article describes symmetry from three perspectives: in mathematics, including geometry, the most familiar type of symmetry for many people; in science and nature; and in the arts, covering architecture, art and music.
The opposite of symmetry is asymmetry.
In geometry[edit]
Main article: Symmetry (geometry)
The triskelion has 3-fold rotational symmetry.
A geometric shape or object is symmetric if it can be divided into two or more identical pieces that are arranged in an organized fashion.[5] This means that an object is symmetric if there is a transformation that moves individual pieces of the object but doesn't change the overall shape. The type of symmetry is determined by the way the pieces are organized, or by the type of transformation:
An object has reflectional symmetry (line or mirror symmetry) if there is a line going through it which divides it into two pieces which are mirror images of each other.[6]
An object has rotational symmetry if the object can be rotated about a fixed point without changing the overall shape.[7]
An object has translational symmetry if it can be translated without changing its overall shape.[8]
An object has helical symmetry if it can be simultaneously translated and rotated in three-dimensional space along a line known as a screw axis.[9]
An object has scale symmetry if it does not change shape when it is expanded or contracted.[10] Fractals also exhibit a form of scale symmetry, where small portions of the fractal are similar in shape to large portions.[11]
The document defines various geometric terms related to circles such as secants, tangents, concentric circles, common tangents, and points of tangency. It also presents three theorems: if a line is tangent to a circle, it is perpendicular to the radius drawn to the point of tangency; if a line is perpendicular to a radius, it is tangent to the circle; and if two segments from the same exterior point are tangent to a circle, they are congruent.
Circle - Basic Introduction to circle for class 10th maths.Let's Tute
Circle - Basics Introduction to circle for class 10th students and grade x maths and mathematics.Lets tute is an online learning centre. We provide quality education for all learners and 24/7 academic guidance through E-tutoring. Our Mission- Our aspiration is to be a renowned unpaid school on Web-World
Fractions represent parts of a whole. When a whole is divided into equal parts, the parts are called fractions. Common fractions include halves, thirds, and fourths. A fraction has a numerator, which is the number of parts being considered, and a denominator, which is the total number of equal parts the whole was divided into. The fraction bar separates the numerator from the denominator.
The document provides an introduction to decimals. Students will learn what decimals are, that they have place values like whole numbers, and how to convert fractions and word problems to decimals. The class will identify decimal place values, convert fractions to decimals, and solve word problems involving decimals. As an activity, students will play a decimal wars game matching against other students.
The document defines the formulas to calculate the areas of various plane figures including triangles, squares, rectangles, parallelograms, rhombuses, trapezoids, and circles. It provides examples of applying the area formulas to solve problems involving these shapes. The objectives are to learn how to compute areas, determine measurements given areas, complete interactive exercises, and develop problem-solving skills related to area calculations.
This document provides examples of calculating the perimeter and area of various shapes. It begins by defining perimeter as the distance around the outside of a shape and providing examples of calculating perimeters of squares and rectangles by counting sides. It then defines area as the amount of space inside a shape and provides examples of calculating areas of squares and rectangles by counting squares. It introduces composite shapes and provides a method to calculate total area by splitting a shape into rectangles. Finally, it uses two sample pool shapes to demonstrate calculating perimeter and area and determining which family's pool has more side panels to clean and which has a larger swimming area.
The document describes how to perform fraction operations including: dividing fractions by inverting the second fraction and multiplying the numerators and denominators; dividing fractions by whole numbers by treating the whole number as a fraction over 1; and provides examples of dividing fractions.
There are several commonly used diagrams to represent numerical data, including pictographs, bar graphs, double bar graphs, and pie charts. Pictographs use symbols or pictures to represent data, with each symbol representing a certain value. Bar graphs display data using uniformly wide bars of varying heights. Double bar graphs show two sets of data simultaneously. Pie charts, also called circle graphs, show the relationship between a whole and its parts by dividing a circle into sectors proportional to the parts.
The document discusses the pigeonhole principle, which states that if n objects are put into m containers where n > m, then at least one container must contain more than one object. It provides examples of applying this principle to envelopes being placed in desk pigeon holes, students' birthdays falling on calendar dates in a non-leap year, and the number of small parts on natural objects in a hypothetical garden.
This document explains the Pigeon-Hole Principle and provides an example problem. The Pigeon-Hole Principle states that if the number of items (pigeons) is greater than the number of categories (holes) they are placed into, then at least one category must contain more than one item. The example problem shows 25 students receiving grades of A, B, or C, demonstrating that with more students than grades, at least nine students must have received the same grade. The document is intended to teach this mathematical concept to students through a visual example.
This document contains a math problem, jokes about numbers, math facts, and word problems. It discusses why 6 is afraid of 7 because 7 8 9, the volume of a pizza being π*z*z*a, the origin of the word "hundred" meaning 120 not 100, and the numbers 1, 2, and 3 giving the same result when multiplied and added. The document is authored by Soumya Jain in class VII-E.
Patterns are arrangements that follow a rule, such as shapes sorted in a specific order or numbers in a sequence. This document discusses how patterns can be found in shapes, numbers, size, and telling time. It encourages readers to identify more patterns after learning about them.
This document provides an overview of fractions, decimals, and operations involving them. It discusses types of fractions like proper, mixed, and improper fractions. It also covers equivalent fractions, addition and subtraction of like and unlike fractions, and multiplication and division of fractions. Regarding decimals, it defines them as numbers with a decimal point separating the whole number part from the fractional part. It discusses comparing and performing operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on decimals. Finally, it briefly mentions conversion of metric units.
This document discusses different types of symmetry in shapes and figures. It defines a line of symmetry as a line on which a figure can be folded to match both sides exactly. It then provides examples of shapes with lines of symmetry like hearts and flags. It discusses rotational symmetry in regular polygons and defines other types of symmetry like translation as sliding a figure and reflection as flipping a figure over a line. The document uses examples of shapes to illustrate these different symmetry concepts.
The document discusses multiples and factors. It defines multiples as numbers formed by multiplying a given number by the counting numbers. Factors are the numbers multiplied together to get a product. The document provides examples of finding multiples and factors of various numbers. It also defines prime and composite numbers.
This document summarizes key terms and theorems related to circles:
1. It defines circles and related terms like radius, diameter, chord, arc, and sector.
2. It describes theorems like equal chords subtend equal angles at the center, and conversely if angles are equal then chords are equal.
3. Other concepts covered include perpendiculars from the center bisect chords, congruent arcs subtend equal angles, and cyclic quadrilaterals have opposite angles summing to 180 degrees.
- The document discusses the concept of volume and how to calculate the volume of cubes and cuboids.
- To calculate the volume of a cube, use the formula: Volume = Length x Length x Length.
- To calculate the volume of a cuboid, use the formula: Volume = Length x Breadth x Height.
- It provides examples of calculating volumes of cubes and cuboids of different dimensions.
The document defines and provides examples of the six main types of angles: acute angles which are less than 90 degrees; right angles of 90 degrees; obtuse angles between 90 and 180 degrees; straight angles of 180 degrees; reflex angles between 180 and 360 degrees; and complete angles of 360 degrees. Examples are given for each type of angle to illustrate their defining characteristics and measures.
This document discusses the formulas for calculating the surface areas and volumes of various 3D shapes. It covers cubes, cuboids, cylinders, cones, spheres, and hemispheres. For each shape, it provides the relevant formulas to calculate surface area (total and lateral) and volume based on attributes like length, width, height, radius, diameter, and slant height.
Symmetry (from Greek συμμετρία symmetria "agreement in dimensions, due proportion, arrangement")[1] in everyday language refers to a sense of harmonious and beautiful proportion and balance.[2][3][a] In mathematics, "symmetry" has a more precise definition, that an object is invariant to any of various transformations; including reflection, rotation or scaling. Although these two meanings of "symmetry" can sometimes be told apart, they are related, so they are here discussed together.
Mathematical symmetry may be observed with respect to the passage of time; as a spatial relationship; through geometric transformations; through other kinds of functional transformations; and as an aspect of abstract objects, theoretic models, language, music and even knowledge itself.[4][b]
This article describes symmetry from three perspectives: in mathematics, including geometry, the most familiar type of symmetry for many people; in science and nature; and in the arts, covering architecture, art and music.
The opposite of symmetry is asymmetry.
In geometry[edit]
Main article: Symmetry (geometry)
The triskelion has 3-fold rotational symmetry.
A geometric shape or object is symmetric if it can be divided into two or more identical pieces that are arranged in an organized fashion.[5] This means that an object is symmetric if there is a transformation that moves individual pieces of the object but doesn't change the overall shape. The type of symmetry is determined by the way the pieces are organized, or by the type of transformation:
An object has reflectional symmetry (line or mirror symmetry) if there is a line going through it which divides it into two pieces which are mirror images of each other.[6]
An object has rotational symmetry if the object can be rotated about a fixed point without changing the overall shape.[7]
An object has translational symmetry if it can be translated without changing its overall shape.[8]
An object has helical symmetry if it can be simultaneously translated and rotated in three-dimensional space along a line known as a screw axis.[9]
An object has scale symmetry if it does not change shape when it is expanded or contracted.[10] Fractals also exhibit a form of scale symmetry, where small portions of the fractal are similar in shape to large portions.[11]
The document defines various geometric terms related to circles such as secants, tangents, concentric circles, common tangents, and points of tangency. It also presents three theorems: if a line is tangent to a circle, it is perpendicular to the radius drawn to the point of tangency; if a line is perpendicular to a radius, it is tangent to the circle; and if two segments from the same exterior point are tangent to a circle, they are congruent.
Circle - Basic Introduction to circle for class 10th maths.Let's Tute
Circle - Basics Introduction to circle for class 10th students and grade x maths and mathematics.Lets tute is an online learning centre. We provide quality education for all learners and 24/7 academic guidance through E-tutoring. Our Mission- Our aspiration is to be a renowned unpaid school on Web-World
Fractions represent parts of a whole. When a whole is divided into equal parts, the parts are called fractions. Common fractions include halves, thirds, and fourths. A fraction has a numerator, which is the number of parts being considered, and a denominator, which is the total number of equal parts the whole was divided into. The fraction bar separates the numerator from the denominator.
The document provides an introduction to decimals. Students will learn what decimals are, that they have place values like whole numbers, and how to convert fractions and word problems to decimals. The class will identify decimal place values, convert fractions to decimals, and solve word problems involving decimals. As an activity, students will play a decimal wars game matching against other students.
The document defines the formulas to calculate the areas of various plane figures including triangles, squares, rectangles, parallelograms, rhombuses, trapezoids, and circles. It provides examples of applying the area formulas to solve problems involving these shapes. The objectives are to learn how to compute areas, determine measurements given areas, complete interactive exercises, and develop problem-solving skills related to area calculations.
This document provides examples of calculating the perimeter and area of various shapes. It begins by defining perimeter as the distance around the outside of a shape and providing examples of calculating perimeters of squares and rectangles by counting sides. It then defines area as the amount of space inside a shape and provides examples of calculating areas of squares and rectangles by counting squares. It introduces composite shapes and provides a method to calculate total area by splitting a shape into rectangles. Finally, it uses two sample pool shapes to demonstrate calculating perimeter and area and determining which family's pool has more side panels to clean and which has a larger swimming area.
The document describes how to perform fraction operations including: dividing fractions by inverting the second fraction and multiplying the numerators and denominators; dividing fractions by whole numbers by treating the whole number as a fraction over 1; and provides examples of dividing fractions.
There are several commonly used diagrams to represent numerical data, including pictographs, bar graphs, double bar graphs, and pie charts. Pictographs use symbols or pictures to represent data, with each symbol representing a certain value. Bar graphs display data using uniformly wide bars of varying heights. Double bar graphs show two sets of data simultaneously. Pie charts, also called circle graphs, show the relationship between a whole and its parts by dividing a circle into sectors proportional to the parts.
The document discusses the pigeonhole principle, which states that if n objects are put into m containers where n > m, then at least one container must contain more than one object. It provides examples of applying this principle to envelopes being placed in desk pigeon holes, students' birthdays falling on calendar dates in a non-leap year, and the number of small parts on natural objects in a hypothetical garden.
This document explains the Pigeon-Hole Principle and provides an example problem. The Pigeon-Hole Principle states that if the number of items (pigeons) is greater than the number of categories (holes) they are placed into, then at least one category must contain more than one item. The example problem shows 25 students receiving grades of A, B, or C, demonstrating that with more students than grades, at least nine students must have received the same grade. The document is intended to teach this mathematical concept to students through a visual example.
The document describes the mountain climbing learning analogy method, a student-centered teaching strategy used in Japan. It focuses on students actively building knowledge through collaboration, with the teacher serving as a facilitator. An experiment was conducted comparing this method to a traditional lecture in a basic math class. Results showed the experimental group performed significantly better on a post-test, while both groups had similar attitudes towards math. It was concluded the mountain climbing method can be an effective teaching strategy. Further research at other universities was recommended.
The Pigeonhole Principle states that if you have more items than containers to put them in, then some container must contain multiple items. For example, if you have 7 items and only 3 containers, then by the Pigeonhole Principle at least one container must hold 3 or more items. The principle is also sometimes called the box principle and demonstrates that if the number of items is greater than or equal to twice the number of containers, some container will contain multiple items.
This document discusses various applications of graphs and networks including social networks, infrastructure networks, matching problems in bipartite graphs, scheduling conflicts, frequency assignment, register allocation, rectilinear pattern recognition, netlist layout, biomolecular constructions, DNA sequencing, and solving a "crazy cubes" puzzle. It provides examples and explanations of how each application can be modeled and solved as a graph problem. Key algorithms and techniques discussed include maximal matchings, graph coloring, subgraph search, network routing, and characterizing solutions to combinatorial problems.
This presentation discusses different types of symmetry. It defines symmetry as identical parts facing each other or around an axis. There are two main types of symmetry discussed - line symmetry, where a figure does not change upon reflection, and rotational symmetry, where an object looks the same after rotation. Examples are given of different geometric shapes and their number of lines of symmetry, ranging from 1 line to many lines to no lines of symmetry. Mirror images are also introduced as reflected duplications that appear identical but reversed.
Recreational mathematics includes puzzles, games, and problems that do not require advanced mathematical knowledge. It encompasses logic puzzles, mathematical games that can be analyzed with tools like combinatorial game theory, and mathematical puzzles that must be solved using specific rules but do not involve direct competition. Some common topics in recreational mathematics are tangrams, palindromic numbers, Rubik's cubes, and magic squares.
Strategies for solving math word problemsmwinfield1
This document discusses several different methods for solving math word problems:
- The Toolbox Method allows students to choose from multiple strategies to find the one that works best for them.
- The CUBES Method is well-suited for visual learners as it has them dissect and analyze the word problem.
- The STEPS Method provides students with a sequential structure to follow when solving word problems.
- The Step by Step Method also provides a step-by-step process and works well for logical, sequential thinkers.
The document provides an overview of solving word problems, explaining the process as reading the problem, representing unknowns with variables, relating the unknowns to given values, writing an equation, solving the equation, and proving the answer. It also defines odd, even, and consecutive numbers and provides examples of representing and solving word problems involving these types of numbers.
The pigeonhole principle states that if n objects are put into m containers where n > m, then at least one container must contain more than one object. It was first described by Dirichlet in 1834 and has various applications in mathematics and computer science. Some examples include proving that among a group of people, some pair will have the same birthday, and that collisions are inevitable in a hash table where there are more possible keys than indices. The principle can be used to solve problems involving divisibility, counting, and allocation of objects into groups.
Radial symmetry is a type of balance where parts of an object are arranged around a central point. There are three types of balance: radial symmetry, mirror/bilateral symmetry, and asymmetry. Radial symmetry is seen in both natural objects like snowflakes and human-made objects like mandalas, kaleidoscopes, and rose windows in cathedrals. To create radial symmetry, a circle is divided into equal sections and the same pattern is repeated in each section.
HO MMW Lecture 2 -Mathematics in our Modern World lecture 2msavilesnetsecph
Mathematics helps organize and predict patterns in nature. Some common patterns include symmetry, fractals, and spirals. Symmetry refers to an object being invariant under transformations like reflection or rotation, and can be bilateral or radial. Fractals are never-ending patterns that repeat themselves at different scales. Spirals are curved patterns that revolve around a central point in circular shapes. Mathematics allows us to describe these patterns found throughout nature.
This document discusses different types of symmetry seen in shapes, letters, numbers, flags, religious symbols, and more. It provides examples of objects with various orders of rotational symmetry, such as flowers with order 5 rotational symmetry and pizza with order 6 rotational symmetry. It also examines which letters and symbols have lines of symmetry and which do not, such as H, N, S, X, I, O, and Z not having any lines of symmetry.
The document discusses line symmetry in nature, architecture, and shapes. It provides examples of line symmetry in shells, starfish, crabs, masks, the human face, reflections in water, and structures like the Taj Mahal. Specific animals and objects mentioned include butterflies, shells found at the beach, crab shells, starfish, masks from different cultures, and the famous artwork by Leonardo Da Vinci depicting human proportions. Geometric shapes like equilateral triangles, squares, pentagons, hexagons, and octagons are analyzed and their number of internal angles and lines of symmetry identified.
This document discusses different types of symmetry found in shapes, letters, numbers, objects, and designs. It provides examples of rotational symmetry, including some letters that have order 2 rotational symmetry like H, I, O, and Z. It also gives examples of shapes, flags, road signs, buildings and monuments that demonstrate various kinds of line and rotational symmetry.
This document discusses patterns and symmetry in nature and mathematics. It begins by defining what patterns are and provides examples of patterns commonly found in nature, such as the stripes on tigers and spots on hyenas. It then discusses different types of patterns like fractals, spirals, and chaos. The document also defines symmetry and provides examples of different types of symmetries like reflection symmetry, rotational symmetry, and translational symmetry. It describes an activity where students look for and document examples of symmetry in their surroundings.
This PowerPoint presentation discusses symmetry in nature, architecture, and geometry. It provides examples of line symmetry in animals like butterflies, shells, crabs, and starfish. Symmetry is also seen in human faces and bodies, as well as architectural structures like the Taj Mahal. Different 2D shapes have varying numbers of lines of symmetry: equilateral triangles have 3, squares have 4, regular pentagons have 5, and so on.
This PowerPoint presentation introduces the concept of line symmetry through examples found in nature, architecture, art, and everyday objects. It explains that line symmetry exists when one half of a shape is the mirror image of the other half. Examples discussed include butterflies, human faces and bodies, shells on the beach, underwater creatures like crabs and starfish, animal shapes, reflections in water, and architectural structures like the Taj Mahal. The presentation also examines line symmetry in 2D shapes like triangles, squares, pentagons, hexagons, and octagons.
This document discusses different types of symmetry, including line symmetry and rotational symmetry. It provides examples of line symmetry in letters of the alphabet and examples of rotational symmetry in shapes like triangles, squares, and pentagons. It also discusses symmetry in architecture, flags, and natural phenomena. Symmetry is a fundamental organizing principle in nature and art that involves preserving certain properties when an object is transformed in some way.
The document discusses symmetry in nature, architecture, and art. It defines symmetry as a spatial relationship where one half of a shape is the mirror image of the other half. There are different types of symmetrical lines including horizontal, vertical, and diagonal. Symmetry can be classified as axial or radial depending on whether equal elements are equidistant from a central axis or point.
This PowerPoint presentation discusses line symmetry in nature, animals, humans, architecture, and 2D shapes. Some key examples provided include butterflies, shells, starfish, human faces, Leonardo da Vinci's drawing of human proportions, the Taj Mahal, and regular polygons like triangles, squares, and hexagons. The presentation shows how line symmetry exists all around us and is considered aesthetically pleasing, appearing commonly in both natural and man-made structures.
The document discusses different types of symmetry including lines of symmetry, reflection, rotation, and translation. It provides examples of these symmetries using shapes like hearts, flags, polygons and math symbols. Regular polygons are noted to have multiple lines of symmetry and there is a pattern to how many lines different regular polygons will have.
This document discusses different types of symmetry found in nature, architecture, and shapes. It provides examples of line symmetry in shells, crabs, starfish, masks, the human face, reflections in water, and the Taj Mahal. It also examines the number of lines of symmetry in different polygons, finding that an equilateral triangle has 3 lines of symmetry, a square has 4, a regular pentagon has 5, a regular hexagon has 6, and a regular octagon has 8.
WELL PRESENTED & DETAILED PROJECT FILE ON SYMMETRYRyanVinoo
This document discusses the concept of symmetry in geometry. It defines symmetry as identical parts of a figure after folding or flipping. There are three main types of symmetry discussed: linear symmetry where a line divides a figure into identical parts, rotational symmetry where a shape is rotated around a central point, and reflection symmetry where a shape is divided by a mirror line into matching halves. The document aims to introduce the key ideas of symmetry and stimulate discussion around different symmetry types.
Mathematics is evident everywhere in nature and is an integral part of our lives. It is the science of patterns, quantities and relationships. The document discusses several examples of patterns in nature like geometric shapes, symmetry, the Fibonacci sequence and golden ratio that are all deeply rooted in mathematics. It also elaborates on the importance and applications of mathematics in fields like science, technology, medicine and more, establishing it as an indispensable and universal language.
Radial, bilateral, translational, and wallpaper symmetries are prevalent in nature. Examples include starfish with dihedral symmetry, trees with translational strip patterns, hexagonal structures like honeycombs and the Giant's Causeway that tessellate plane patterns, and the approximate bilateral symmetry found in human faces. Symmetry represents a balance and order that is reflected in both man-made and natural designs.
Mathematics can be seen throughout nature in stunning patterns and symmetry. The document discusses several common patterns found in nature such as spirals, fractals, stripes, waves, and meanders. Many natural phenomena exhibit mathematical qualities like symmetry, repetition of shapes, and self-similarity across scales. Nature provides abundant examples of patterns that can be described using mathematical concepts.
Mathematics is present throughout nature. Many natural phenomena exhibit geometric shapes, symmetry, Fibonacci spirals, the golden ratio, and fractal patterns. For example, beehives form hexagonal cells, volcanoes form conical shapes, sunflower seeds arrange in Fibonacci spirals, and coastlines display self-similar fractal patterns across scales. Nature demonstrates that mathematics is a language used to describe the physical world.
This document presents a maths project on symmetry by Riya Ben of class 7. It defines symmetry as identical matching of two or more parts of a figure after folding or flipping. A line of symmetry, also called an axis of symmetry, is an imaginary line that divides a shape into two identical pieces. There are different types of symmetry including linear symmetry where a line divides a figure into identical parts, rotational symmetry where a shape is rotated around a central point, and reflection symmetry where a shape matches its mirror image when reflected across a dividing line.
The document discusses how mathematics is present in nature. It provides examples of symmetry, shapes, parallel lines, and the Fibonacci spiral that can be observed in the natural world. Radial and bilateral symmetry are seen in structures like flowers and the human body. Common shapes found in nature include spheres, hexagons used by bees to build hives efficiently, and cones formed by volcanoes. Parallel lines can be seen in dune formations, and the Fibonacci spiral appears in nautilus shells. The document aims to show how nature demonstrates mathematical concepts and patterns.
Symmetry is the correspondence of form and configuration on opposite sides of a dividing line or plane. It is present in many areas including geometry, mathematics, science, and nature. Fractals are self-similar patterns that repeat at different scales and often have non-integer fractal dimensions. Benoît Mandelbrot coined the term fractal and studied fractals like the Mandelbrot set, which demonstrate iterative processes that lead to increasingly complex patterns appearing as one zooms in. Fractals are used in computer graphics, geography, art and other applications to model real-world irregular forms and processes.
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Patterns Symmetry in Math_ SUNY Cortland_072010
1. Symmetry, Patterns, andSymmetry, Patterns, and
Geometric Shapes in theGeometric Shapes in the
Adirondack MountainsAdirondack Mountains
By Lee Kaltman andBy Lee Kaltman and
Tracy WixsonTracy Wixson
2. What is a pattern?
A Pattern constitutes a set of numbers
or objects in which all the members are
related with each other by a specific
rule.
Pattern is also known as sequence.
There can be finite or infinite number of
members in a pattern.
3. What is Symmetry?
Symmetry is when one shape becomesSymmetry is when one shape becomes
exactly like another if you flip, slide orexactly like another if you flip, slide or
turn it.turn it.
Another type of symmetry is reflectionAnother type of symmetry is reflection
symmetry or line symmetry. One half issymmetry or line symmetry. One half is
the reflection of the other half.The "Linethe reflection of the other half.The "Line
of Symmetry" is the imaginary lineof Symmetry" is the imaginary line
where you could fold the image andwhere you could fold the image and
have both halves match exactly.have both halves match exactly.
5. Now we are going to
do an activity
See if you can identify any of these
things in the following pictures:
Do you see any patterns?
Do you see symmetry?
Do you see any geometric shapes?