ER Publication,
IJETR, IJMCTR,
Journals,
International Journals,
High Impact Journals,
Monthly Journal,
Good quality Journals,
Research,
Research Papers,
Research Article,
Free Journals, Open access Journals,
erpublication.org,
Engineering Journal,
Science Journals,
Micro-alloyed copper overhead line conductors - Wire & Cable Technology Inter...Leonardo ENERGY
http://www.bluetoad.com/publication/?i=217299&p=90
Overhead line conductors are traditionally a domain for aluminium, using either steel reinforced aluminium or aluminium alloys. Using copper for overhead lines might surprise some people because it is a substantially heavier material. Weight, however, is not the most crucial characteristic of the conductor. Its smaller section and hydrophobic coating reduces the wind and ice loads on the conductors, which makes the overhead line more resistant and resilient to weather conditions.
Also, the higher conductivity of copper reduces the losses and the life cycle cost of the overhead line.
Micro-alloyed copper overhead line conductors - PowerGrid International Augus...Leonardo ENERGY
http://www.elp.com/articles/powergrid_international/print/volume-19/issue-8/features/microalloyed-copper-overhead-line-conductors.html
Overhead line conductors are traditionally a domain for aluminium, using either steel reinforced aluminium or aluminium alloys. Using copper for overhead lines might surprise some people because it is a substantially heavier material. Weight, however, is not the most crucial characteristic of the conductor. Its smaller section and hydrophobic coating reduces the wind and ice loads on the conductors, which makes the overhead line more resistant and resilient to weather conditions.
Also, the higher conductivity of copper reduces the losses and the life cycle cost of the overhead line.
ER Publication,
IJETR, IJMCTR,
Journals,
International Journals,
High Impact Journals,
Monthly Journal,
Good quality Journals,
Research,
Research Papers,
Research Article,
Free Journals, Open access Journals,
erpublication.org,
Engineering Journal,
Science Journals,
Micro-alloyed copper overhead line conductors - Wire & Cable Technology Inter...Leonardo ENERGY
http://www.bluetoad.com/publication/?i=217299&p=90
Overhead line conductors are traditionally a domain for aluminium, using either steel reinforced aluminium or aluminium alloys. Using copper for overhead lines might surprise some people because it is a substantially heavier material. Weight, however, is not the most crucial characteristic of the conductor. Its smaller section and hydrophobic coating reduces the wind and ice loads on the conductors, which makes the overhead line more resistant and resilient to weather conditions.
Also, the higher conductivity of copper reduces the losses and the life cycle cost of the overhead line.
Micro-alloyed copper overhead line conductors - PowerGrid International Augus...Leonardo ENERGY
http://www.elp.com/articles/powergrid_international/print/volume-19/issue-8/features/microalloyed-copper-overhead-line-conductors.html
Overhead line conductors are traditionally a domain for aluminium, using either steel reinforced aluminium or aluminium alloys. Using copper for overhead lines might surprise some people because it is a substantially heavier material. Weight, however, is not the most crucial characteristic of the conductor. Its smaller section and hydrophobic coating reduces the wind and ice loads on the conductors, which makes the overhead line more resistant and resilient to weather conditions.
Also, the higher conductivity of copper reduces the losses and the life cycle cost of the overhead line.
This is the summary to choose main components of Mechanical design of Overhead T/L .
For more contacts: ranjeetkumar13el42@gmail.com
@Fb : fb/ranjeet.ray.42
New generation of copper alloy conductors for overhead electricity linesLeonardo ENERGY
Transmission network operators are facing substantial and often contradictory challenges. A highly variable renewable energy supply and an increased focus on energy efficiency require the reinforcement of the grid. However, resistance to the construction of new lines has never been higher. Micro-alloyed copper conductors can be part of the solution. Their energy efficiency and their ability to cope with temporary capacity overloads are highly valued features. Such overloads are possible due to the higher resistance of copper against creep at high temperatures. The energy efficiency of the copper conductor compensates for its higher initial cost. As a result, the life cycle cost (LCC) of the micro-alloyed copper conductor is in the same range or lower than that of a steel reinforced aluminium (ACSR) conductor. This was the finding of two feasibility studies conducted by the Dutch consultancy agency DNV GL (KEMA). The first study examined the construction of new lines; the second investigated the refurbishment of existing lines. The latter study also demonstrated why the higher specific weight of copper compared to an ACSR conductor does not require any reinforcement of the overhead line towers. Indeed, copper’s mechanical strength makes a steel core superfluous and even more importantly, the smaller cross section combined with a hydrophobic coating, results in a much lower wind and ice load, which is a decisive factor for determining the required strength of the towers. This makes the copper conductor particularly suitable for overhead lines in cold and windy climates.
Load centers get generated electricity from power
stations that are usually far; uninterrupted consumption or usage
of power has increased in last few years. Transmission system is
the system by means of which electricity is transferred from place
of generation to the consumers. Overhead wires or conductors
are the medium used for transmission of power. These wires are
visible to wind, heat and ice. The efficiency of the power system
increases if the losses of these overhead wires are minimal. These
losses are based on the resistive, magnetic and capacitive nature
of the conductor. It is necessary to create or make proper design
of these conductors accompanied by proper installation. To
balance the working and strength of overhead transmission line
and to minimize its capacitive effect the conductors must be
installed in catenary shape. The sag is required in transmission
line for conductor suspension. The conductors are appended
between two overhead towers with ideal estimation of sag. It is
because of keeping conductor safety from inordinate tension. To
permit safe tension in the conductor, conductors are not
completely extended; rather they are allowed to have sag. For
same level supports this paper provides sag and tension
estimation with different wind speeds under low operating
temperature 2 °C. To calculate sag-tension estimation of ACSR
(Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced) overhead lines three
different cases are provided with normal and high wind speed
effects. Four different span lengths are taken for equal level
supports. ETAP (Electrical Transient and Analysis Program) is
used for simulation setup. The results shows that wind speed has
great impact upon line tension and with addition of wind speed
the sag of line remains unaltered while tension changes.
Moreover tension gets increase while increase in wind speed.
IT BECOMES HIGHLY PERTINENT TO UPRATE OR UPGRADE THE ALREADY EXISTING LINE RATHER THAN CONSTRUCTING NEW TRANSMISSION LINE.THERE ARE A HOST OF BENEFITS IN DOING SO
Powerbar is E+I Engineering’s patented range of busbar trunking, designed to deliver power to electrical loads. The development of Powerbar complements E+I Engineering’s switchgear range to provide a complete power distribution solution. Powerbar products are built with patented processes that ensure it is the most reliable form of busbar trunking on the market.
Copper alloy conductors for overhead lines - CIGRÉ Regional South-East Europe...Leonardo ENERGY
Transmission network operators are facing substantial and often contradictory challenges. A highly variable renewable energy supply and an increased focus on energy efficiency require the reinforcement of the grid. However, resistance to the construction of new lines is huge. Micro-alloyed copper conductors can be part of the solution. Their energy efficiency and their ability to cope with temporary capacity overloads are highly valued features. Such overloads are possible due to the higher resistance of copper against creep at high temperatures. The energy efficiency of the copper conductor compensates for its higher initial cost. As a result, its life cycle cost (LCC) is often lower than that of a steel reinforced aluminium (ACSR) conductor. This was the finding of two feasibility studies conducted by DNV GL (KEMA). The first study examined the construction of new lines; the second investigated the refurbishment of existing lines. The latter study also demonstrated why the higher specific weight of copper compared to an ACSR conductor does not require any reinforcement of the overhead line towers. The smaller cross section combined with a hydrophobic coating results in a much lower wind and ice load, which is a decisive factor for determining the required strength of the towers. This makes the copper conductor particularly suitable in cold and windy climates.
CIGRÉ Regional South-East European Conference
Superior Tray Systems Inc.: Introduction to the Technical and Safety Aspects ...Beatrice Wong, MBA
Tired of repairing failed bus ducts? Learn about the technical and safety aspects of our no-maintenance cable bus as an alternative to bus ducts, wire in conduit and cable trays. Visit us at http://www.superiortray.com/ for more information.
This is the summary to choose main components of Mechanical design of Overhead T/L .
For more contacts: ranjeetkumar13el42@gmail.com
@Fb : fb/ranjeet.ray.42
New generation of copper alloy conductors for overhead electricity linesLeonardo ENERGY
Transmission network operators are facing substantial and often contradictory challenges. A highly variable renewable energy supply and an increased focus on energy efficiency require the reinforcement of the grid. However, resistance to the construction of new lines has never been higher. Micro-alloyed copper conductors can be part of the solution. Their energy efficiency and their ability to cope with temporary capacity overloads are highly valued features. Such overloads are possible due to the higher resistance of copper against creep at high temperatures. The energy efficiency of the copper conductor compensates for its higher initial cost. As a result, the life cycle cost (LCC) of the micro-alloyed copper conductor is in the same range or lower than that of a steel reinforced aluminium (ACSR) conductor. This was the finding of two feasibility studies conducted by the Dutch consultancy agency DNV GL (KEMA). The first study examined the construction of new lines; the second investigated the refurbishment of existing lines. The latter study also demonstrated why the higher specific weight of copper compared to an ACSR conductor does not require any reinforcement of the overhead line towers. Indeed, copper’s mechanical strength makes a steel core superfluous and even more importantly, the smaller cross section combined with a hydrophobic coating, results in a much lower wind and ice load, which is a decisive factor for determining the required strength of the towers. This makes the copper conductor particularly suitable for overhead lines in cold and windy climates.
Load centers get generated electricity from power
stations that are usually far; uninterrupted consumption or usage
of power has increased in last few years. Transmission system is
the system by means of which electricity is transferred from place
of generation to the consumers. Overhead wires or conductors
are the medium used for transmission of power. These wires are
visible to wind, heat and ice. The efficiency of the power system
increases if the losses of these overhead wires are minimal. These
losses are based on the resistive, magnetic and capacitive nature
of the conductor. It is necessary to create or make proper design
of these conductors accompanied by proper installation. To
balance the working and strength of overhead transmission line
and to minimize its capacitive effect the conductors must be
installed in catenary shape. The sag is required in transmission
line for conductor suspension. The conductors are appended
between two overhead towers with ideal estimation of sag. It is
because of keeping conductor safety from inordinate tension. To
permit safe tension in the conductor, conductors are not
completely extended; rather they are allowed to have sag. For
same level supports this paper provides sag and tension
estimation with different wind speeds under low operating
temperature 2 °C. To calculate sag-tension estimation of ACSR
(Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced) overhead lines three
different cases are provided with normal and high wind speed
effects. Four different span lengths are taken for equal level
supports. ETAP (Electrical Transient and Analysis Program) is
used for simulation setup. The results shows that wind speed has
great impact upon line tension and with addition of wind speed
the sag of line remains unaltered while tension changes.
Moreover tension gets increase while increase in wind speed.
IT BECOMES HIGHLY PERTINENT TO UPRATE OR UPGRADE THE ALREADY EXISTING LINE RATHER THAN CONSTRUCTING NEW TRANSMISSION LINE.THERE ARE A HOST OF BENEFITS IN DOING SO
Powerbar is E+I Engineering’s patented range of busbar trunking, designed to deliver power to electrical loads. The development of Powerbar complements E+I Engineering’s switchgear range to provide a complete power distribution solution. Powerbar products are built with patented processes that ensure it is the most reliable form of busbar trunking on the market.
Copper alloy conductors for overhead lines - CIGRÉ Regional South-East Europe...Leonardo ENERGY
Transmission network operators are facing substantial and often contradictory challenges. A highly variable renewable energy supply and an increased focus on energy efficiency require the reinforcement of the grid. However, resistance to the construction of new lines is huge. Micro-alloyed copper conductors can be part of the solution. Their energy efficiency and their ability to cope with temporary capacity overloads are highly valued features. Such overloads are possible due to the higher resistance of copper against creep at high temperatures. The energy efficiency of the copper conductor compensates for its higher initial cost. As a result, its life cycle cost (LCC) is often lower than that of a steel reinforced aluminium (ACSR) conductor. This was the finding of two feasibility studies conducted by DNV GL (KEMA). The first study examined the construction of new lines; the second investigated the refurbishment of existing lines. The latter study also demonstrated why the higher specific weight of copper compared to an ACSR conductor does not require any reinforcement of the overhead line towers. The smaller cross section combined with a hydrophobic coating results in a much lower wind and ice load, which is a decisive factor for determining the required strength of the towers. This makes the copper conductor particularly suitable in cold and windy climates.
CIGRÉ Regional South-East European Conference
Superior Tray Systems Inc.: Introduction to the Technical and Safety Aspects ...Beatrice Wong, MBA
Tired of repairing failed bus ducts? Learn about the technical and safety aspects of our no-maintenance cable bus as an alternative to bus ducts, wire in conduit and cable trays. Visit us at http://www.superiortray.com/ for more information.
New generation of copper conductors for overhead linesLeonardo ENERGY
Transmission network operators are facing substantial and even contradictory challenges. A highly variable renewable energy supply and an increased focus on energy efficiency require a reinforcement of the grid, but the resistance against the construction of new lines has never been so high. The new generation of copper alloy conductors can be part of the solution.
These copper alloys offer outstanding mechanical properties and a high annealing temperature that makes possible to apply affordable and durable hydrophobic coatings. This unique combination makes the new copper conductors highly suitable for severe weather conditions (wind & cold) both in new lines and in refurbishment projects. Additionally, the high conductivity of copper offers a significant reduction of life cycle costs.
This webinar will present the main properties of the new copper alloy conductors and how they allow to respond to the transmission and distribution network new challenges. Also a concrete case study for a 70 km line will be presented, stressing the relevance of the cost of losses and minimizing the total cost of ownership.
New generation of copper conductors for overhead linesLeonardo ENERGY
Transmission network operators are facing substantial and even contradictory challenges. A highly variable renewable energy supply and an increased focus on energy efficiency require a reinforcement of the grid, but the resistance against the construction of new lines has never been so high. The new generation of copper alloy conductors can be part of the solution.
These copper alloys offer outstanding mechanical properties and a high annealing temperature that makes possible to apply affordable and durable hydrophobic coatings. This unique combination makes the new copper conductors highly suitable for severe weather conditions (wind & cold) both in new lines and in refurbishment projects. Additionally, the high conductivity of copper offers a significant reduction of life cycle costs.
This webinar will present the main properties of the new copper alloy conductors and how they allow to respond to the transmission and distribution network new challenges. Also a concrete case study for a 70 km line will be presented, stressing the relevance of the cost of losses and minimizing the total cost of ownership.
Mechanical Design of Transmission Line (In context of Nepal)Kathmandu Univesity
This slide contains
1. Introduction of Overhead and Underground Cables
2. Main Components of Overhead Lines
3. Propertis of Conductor Materials
4. Commonly Used Conductor Materials
5. Line Supports
6. Different types of Line Support with properties
7. Insulator and its properties
8. Types of Insulator
9. Transmission Line Challenges in Nepal
CONTINUOUS CASTING OF COPPER MAGNESIUM CONDUCTOR ALLOYSRautomead Limited
CONTINUOUS CASTING OF COPPER MAGNESIUM CONDUCTOR ALLOYS
Paper by Sir Michael Nairn, Chairman of Rautomead Limited, Dundee, Scotland, U.K.
The paper was presented at the WAI Technical Conference at Interwire, at the Georgia World Congress Center, Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.A., April 25, 2013.
Rautomead Limited are UK-based specialists in continuous casting of non-ferrous metals and construction of continuous casting equipment for copper, copper alloys, gold and silver, dental alloys and feed rod for Conform machines.
For a period of over 30 years Rautomead Limited has specialised in the design, manufacture and sale of continuous casting equipment for non-ferrous metals and alloys.
There are now more than 300 Rautomead machines in operation in over 45 different countries around the world.
Armando Rodriguez Valadez, Juan De Dios Concha Malo, Belisario Sanchez Vazquez, Mario Sanchez Mello - Flexible Automotive Electrical Conductor of High Mechanical Strength, and Process for the Manufacture Thereof.
AMCO Electrical and Engineering Co, Kolkata. Dealers and Suppliers of Cable Trays, Perforated Cable Trays, Ladder Cables Trays, Cables, Transformers, Sirens and Hooters and Overhead Line Transmission Material.
Similar to Patel Wire Industries, Nashik , Aluminum Wires (20)
(https://www.weldingelectrodemachinery.com/) We are recognized amongst the eminent manufacturers, supplier, trader, importer and exporters of Industrial Process Equipment for extrusion purposes. These are in compliance with the industry standards and are known for their optimum performance, low maintenance & smooth operation. Catering to the requirements of various industries our range is offered in various technical specifications to our clients.
(https://www.egateinfotel.com/) EGATE exemplifies excellence in audio-visual products, is a leading manufacturer, exporter and supplier of Projectors and Accessories meant for the Education, Office, and Home.
(https://www.dynemechsystems.com/) Appreciated across the world for the purpose of exporting, importing, manufacturing, supplying, distributing, wholesaling, trading and retailing a wide range of optimum quality Anti Vibrations Pads, Dynemech Systems Private Limited started its operation in the year 2000 at New Delhi, India. The product range offered by us is inclusive of Insulation Plates, Wedge Mounts and Screw Support Mounts. Known for their rich attributes such as accurate dimension, sturdy construction, high functionality and longer serving life, the offered industrial machine tools are manufactured from high quality materials such as stainless steel.
(https://www.eagleplantprotect.com/) We believe that a well-nurtured, healthy soil enables environment-friendly, healthy agriculture, sustainable across future centuries. Moreover, it also ensures the safety and good health of human generations that live off it. In this expedient battle to regain the purity of our land and soil, our range of organic fertilizers and agrochemical products play momentous roles in protecting nurseries, oilseeds, and vegetables.
(https://www.jatindraengineeringcorporation.com/) With an experience of more than 40 years in the industry we are a part of, we have been able to gain expertise in the manufacture of hot and cold rolling mills, sheet processing lines and steel plant equipment. And today, we proudly boast of being a leader in the same. Our products attract immense demand from India and other countries.
(https://www.hindustanfibretech.in/) Established in the year 2010, we, Hindustan Fibre Tech (HFT), are an ISO 9001:2015 certified firm, which is engaged in manufacturing, exporting and supplying a comprehensive range of Industrial FRP Products. The offered range of products is inclusive of FRP Storage Tanks, FRP Dosing Tanks Reactor Vessel and Process Equipments. The offered range of tanks is manufactured using finest quality fiber reinforced plastic and other raw materials that are obtained from the certified vendors of the market. These products are manufactured adhering to the industry laid standards. Offered products are acclaimed for their rugged construction, durability, high tensile strength and anti-corrosion properties.
(https://www.duracontrolsystems.com/) We are indulged in manufacturing, exporting and supplying a vast range of Automation Control Equipment. Used across numerous industries such as chemical, food processing, glass, nuclear power, robotic, automation, automobile and many more, these equipment have enabled us to garner a huge client base. These are widely appreciated for their ability to withstand harsh industrial environment, service life, robust designing and fast processing speed. We cater the needs of embedded industry by training the young aspiring engineers with required skills and real time project knowledge in embedded technology. Our product range includes Automation Control Equipment, Automation Equipment, Signal Conditioners and Digital Controller. We welcome queries from Tamil Nadu including Chennai, Madras, Coimbatore, Kanyakumari, Nilgiris, Tirupur, Vellore, etc.
(https://www.kentinternational.in/)We are engaged in the fabrication and supply of a wide assortment of home furnishing products and drapery solutions. These home furnishing products are manufactured from industry best materials, procured from reliable and certified vendors. Due to their qualitative diversified features, our home furnishing products have widespread application in the domestic and commercial arena. Our range of home furnishing products includes window blinds, vertical blinds, chic blinds, roller blinds, curtain rods, window awnings, outdoor canopies, PVC flooring, PVC carpet and paper bags.
(https://www.kentinternational.in/) We are engaged in the fabrication and supply of a wide assortment of home furnishing products and drapery solutions. These home furnishing products are manufactured from industry best materials, procured from reliable and certified vendors. Due to their qualitative diversified features, our home furnishing products have widespread application in the domestic and commercial arena. Our range of home furnishing products includes window blinds, vertical blinds, chic blinds, roller blinds, curtain rods, window awnings, outdoor canopies, PVC flooring, PVC carpet and paper bags.
(https://www.3aexports.net/) 3A Exports Group was founded in the year 2010 by visionary founders for Exporting, Trading, and Distribution a wide range of the finest quality products with objective to create a place for us in the world as a leading source of all required products under one roof.
(https://www.bhavanimachines.com/)
About Company
Nature of Business
Exporter and Manufacturer
Year of Establishment
2009
Legal Status of Firm
Individual - Proprietor
Annual Turnover
Rs. 5 - 10 Crore
Import Export Code (IEC)
ARYPM*****
GST No.
24ARYPM8018M1ZZ
We are a renowned manufacturer and trader of a quality approved range of Cream Filling Machine, Chyawanprash Filling Machine, Jar Filling Machine, Pickle Filling Machine, Gel Filling Machine and much more.
(https://www.jashprecision.com/)We are a reputed organization engaged in manufacturing, supplying and exporting of precision surface equipments and tools. These are widely appreciated by the clients due to their durability, reliability, sturdy construction and corrosion resistance.
(https://www.3aexports.net/)3A Exports Group was founded in the year 2010 by visionary founders for Exporting, Trading, and Distribution a wide range of the finest quality products with objective to create a place for us in the world as a leading source of all required products under one roof.
(https://www.probproducts.co.in/) Pro B Products is a Bengaluru based company engaged in manufacturing a wide range of Coconut processing machines for domestic & export market. Our Technology Services focus on developing robust, secure and stable technology solutions for our Customers. By incorporating innovative solutions into seemingly deliverables, we can ensure at the start of the project that will safely deliver the product to completion.
(https://www.reflectivevestindia.com/) Reflectosafe TM High Visibility clothing is powered by 3M ScotchliteTM reflective tapes, a superior brand that offers highest degree of reflectivity. Reflectosafe offers reflective safety products that provide ultimate protection, comfort, styles & safety.
(https://www.agindustries.net/) Our ISO 9001:2015 certified organization was commenced as a prime manufacturer, wholesaler, importer and exporter of Essential Oils & Pine Derivatives in the year 1994, under the name A.G. Industries. Our reputation preceded the manufacture of an incomparable range of all-natural products including Mint Products, Essential Oils and Carrier Oils amongst a range of other products. We make excruciating efforts to render the best possible services to our esteemed base of clients using completely natural products under controlled environments. Our clients avail the highest quality of products that are processed using precise techniques to suit their pertaining needs better. All our products possess innumerable organic qualities that are unique to our name. Our efforts lie in improving the products under our manufactured name with each passing day and deliver a whole range of essential products to our clients at short notices.
We are engaged in manufacturing and supplying Stationery Gifts & Premiums, which are fabricated using quality raw materials procured from the reliable vendors.
Our range includes Stationery Gifts, Ring Binders, Note Book and Project Book.
ALIDHRA WEAVETECH PRIVATE LIMITED, was promoted in the year 2000 as an offshoot, by MR. V.S. Thumar, a qualified Mechanical Engineer and a successful entrepreneur with innovative visions. Since the begining the group has seen remarkable growth not only financially, but also technically and socially. The group is a well known & well respected in its markets.
Leveraging on our vast industrial experience, we have been offering a precision engineered range of industrial fastener and fittings to our clients. These industrial fastener, steel fastener are manufactured using quality material and are best known for sturdy construction, high efficiency and resistance towards corrosion. We offer our range in customized options as well as per the specifications of our clients.
Attending a job Interview for B1 and B2 Englsih learnersErika906060
It is a sample of an interview for a business english class for pre-intermediate and intermediate english students with emphasis on the speking ability.
Putting the SPARK into Virtual Training.pptxCynthia Clay
This 60-minute webinar, sponsored by Adobe, was delivered for the Training Mag Network. It explored the five elements of SPARK: Storytelling, Purpose, Action, Relationships, and Kudos. Knowing how to tell a well-structured story is key to building long-term memory. Stating a clear purpose that doesn't take away from the discovery learning process is critical. Ensuring that people move from theory to practical application is imperative. Creating strong social learning is the key to commitment and engagement. Validating and affirming participants' comments is the way to create a positive learning environment.
Kseniya Leshchenko: Shared development support service model as the way to ma...Lviv Startup Club
Kseniya Leshchenko: Shared development support service model as the way to make small projects with small budgets profitable for the company (UA)
Kyiv PMDay 2024 Summer
Website – www.pmday.org
Youtube – https://www.youtube.com/startuplviv
FB – https://www.facebook.com/pmdayconference
Business Valuation Principles for EntrepreneursBen Wann
This insightful presentation is designed to equip entrepreneurs with the essential knowledge and tools needed to accurately value their businesses. Understanding business valuation is crucial for making informed decisions, whether you're seeking investment, planning to sell, or simply want to gauge your company's worth.
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
Memorandum Of Association Constitution of Company.pptseri bangash
www.seribangash.com
A Memorandum of Association (MOA) is a legal document that outlines the fundamental principles and objectives upon which a company operates. It serves as the company's charter or constitution and defines the scope of its activities. Here's a detailed note on the MOA:
Contents of Memorandum of Association:
Name Clause: This clause states the name of the company, which should end with words like "Limited" or "Ltd." for a public limited company and "Private Limited" or "Pvt. Ltd." for a private limited company.
https://seribangash.com/article-of-association-is-legal-doc-of-company/
Registered Office Clause: It specifies the location where the company's registered office is situated. This office is where all official communications and notices are sent.
Objective Clause: This clause delineates the main objectives for which the company is formed. It's important to define these objectives clearly, as the company cannot undertake activities beyond those mentioned in this clause.
www.seribangash.com
Liability Clause: It outlines the extent of liability of the company's members. In the case of companies limited by shares, the liability of members is limited to the amount unpaid on their shares. For companies limited by guarantee, members' liability is limited to the amount they undertake to contribute if the company is wound up.
https://seribangash.com/promotors-is-person-conceived-formation-company/
Capital Clause: This clause specifies the authorized capital of the company, i.e., the maximum amount of share capital the company is authorized to issue. It also mentions the division of this capital into shares and their respective nominal value.
Association Clause: It simply states that the subscribers wish to form a company and agree to become members of it, in accordance with the terms of the MOA.
Importance of Memorandum of Association:
Legal Requirement: The MOA is a legal requirement for the formation of a company. It must be filed with the Registrar of Companies during the incorporation process.
Constitutional Document: It serves as the company's constitutional document, defining its scope, powers, and limitations.
Protection of Members: It protects the interests of the company's members by clearly defining the objectives and limiting their liability.
External Communication: It provides clarity to external parties, such as investors, creditors, and regulatory authorities, regarding the company's objectives and powers.
https://seribangash.com/difference-public-and-private-company-law/
Binding Authority: The company and its members are bound by the provisions of the MOA. Any action taken beyond its scope may be considered ultra vires (beyond the powers) of the company and therefore void.
Amendment of MOA:
While the MOA lays down the company's fundamental principles, it is not entirely immutable. It can be amended, but only under specific circumstances and in compliance with legal procedures. Amendments typically require shareholder
The world of search engine optimization (SEO) is buzzing with discussions after Google confirmed that around 2,500 leaked internal documents related to its Search feature are indeed authentic. The revelation has sparked significant concerns within the SEO community. The leaked documents were initially reported by SEO experts Rand Fishkin and Mike King, igniting widespread analysis and discourse. For More Info:- https://news.arihantwebtech.com/search-disrupted-googles-leaked-documents-rock-the-seo-world/
Unveiling the Secrets How Does Generative AI Work.pdfSam H
At its core, generative artificial intelligence relies on the concept of generative models, which serve as engines that churn out entirely new data resembling their training data. It is like a sculptor who has studied so many forms found in nature and then uses this knowledge to create sculptures from his imagination that have never been seen before anywhere else. If taken to cyberspace, gans work almost the same way.
What is the TDS Return Filing Due Date for FY 2024-25.pdfseoforlegalpillers
It is crucial for the taxpayers to understand about the TDS Return Filing Due Date, so that they can fulfill your TDS obligations efficiently. Taxpayers can avoid penalties by sticking to the deadlines and by accurate filing of TDS. Timely filing of TDS will make sure about the availability of tax credits. You can also seek the professional guidance of experts like Legal Pillers for timely filing of the TDS Return.
3.0 Project 2_ Developing My Brand Identity Kit.pptxtanyjahb
A personal brand exploration presentation summarizes an individual's unique qualities and goals, covering strengths, values, passions, and target audience. It helps individuals understand what makes them stand out, their desired image, and how they aim to achieve it.
Premium MEAN Stack Development Solutions for Modern BusinessesSynapseIndia
Stay ahead of the curve with our premium MEAN Stack Development Solutions. Our expert developers utilize MongoDB, Express.js, AngularJS, and Node.js to create modern and responsive web applications. Trust us for cutting-edge solutions that drive your business growth and success.
Know more: https://www.synapseindia.com/technology/mean-stack-development-company.html
RMD24 | Retail media: hoe zet je dit in als je geen AH of Unilever bent? Heid...BBPMedia1
Grote partijen zijn al een tijdje onderweg met retail media. Ondertussen worden in dit domein ook de kansen zichtbaar voor andere spelers in de markt. Maar met die kansen ontstaan ook vragen: Zelf retail media worden of erop adverteren? In welke fase van de funnel past het en hoe integreer je het in een mediaplan? Wat is nu precies het verschil met marketplaces en Programmatic ads? In dit half uur beslechten we de dilemma's en krijg je antwoorden op wanneer het voor jou tijd is om de volgende stap te zetten.
Digital Transformation and IT Strategy Toolkit and TemplatesAurelien Domont, MBA
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Editable Toolkit to help you reuse our content: 700 Powerpoint slides | 35 Excel sheets | 84 minutes of Video training
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1. PATEL WIRE INDUSTRIES
Patel Wire Industries, a subsidiary of Patel Engineering
Pvt. Limited was established in 1973 in Mumbai (Previously
Know as Bombay) to manufacture AAC and ACSR Conductors.
In 1191 the plant was re-located to a more spacious present
location at Igatpuri which is 130 kms from the city of Mumbai.
this re-location of the plant was in tandem with the expansion
and modernisation activities of the company and also
venturing into manufacture of Aluminium Alloy Conductors
(AAAC).
Patel Wire has an upto date modern plant and machinery
operated by well qualified technicians and workers, who have
made “quality” a way of life.
Patel Wire has successfully supplied conductors to various
power utilities in India as well also other sectors like railways,
post and telegraph department etc. the company has also
successfully exported its products to various countries. the
company is committed to manufacturing quality products as
per various international standards and specifications.
at Patel Wire, “Customer is the King”
ABOUT OURSELVES
2. PATEL WIRE INDUSTRIES
This catalogue is brought in the interest to technicians and
engineers who are engaged in the Power Transmission and
distribution projects. It will assist them in Selection of overhead
line conductors for their projects.
We take this opportunity to express our indebtness to those
who had given their valuable suggestions in preparing this
catalogue
PREFACE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
3. PATEL WIRE INDUSTRIES
SR.SR.SR.SR.SR. PPPPPARTICULARSARTICULARSARTICULARSARTICULARSARTICULARS PAPAPAPAPAGE NOGE NOGE NOGE NOGE NO.....
NONONONONO.....
1. INTRODUCTION TO BARE OVERHEAD CONDUCTORS 1-2
2. STRANDING CONSTRUCTION 3-4
3. AMERICAN STANDARD 5-11
4. AUSTRALIAN STANDARD 12-14
5. BRITISH STANDARD 15-20
6. CANADIAN STANDARD 21-27
7. FRENCH STANDARD 28-33
8. GERMAN STANDARD 34-38
9. INDIAN STANDARD 39-40
10. INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL 41-45
COMMISSION STANDARD
11. SOUTH AFRICAN STANDARD 46
12. COMPACTED CONDUCTORS (AAC) 47
13. COMPACTED CONDUCTORS (ACSR) 48
14. MODULI OF ELASTICITY AND COEFFICIENTS OF 49
LINEAR EXPANSION
15. NON-RETURNABLE WOODEN DRUMS 50-51
16. APPENDIX
a) WIRE GAUGES 52-53
b) CONVERSION FACTORS 54-55
c) ALTERNATION CURRENT FORMULAE 56
d) DESIGN AND LAYOUT DATA 57
16. DESIGN CALCULATIONS FOR TRANSMISSION LINES 58-61
17. GLOSSARY 62-67
INDEX
4. PATEL WIRE INDUSTRIES
The value of overhead transmission lines is increasing
dramatically. Mandated transmission access, mounting
demand for electricity, and continuing evolution towards
competitive markets are creating strong demand for
transmissions services.
Since the conductor is one of the major cost components
of a line design costing usually 20 to 30% of the labour
and material cost of a line, it is essential that the most
appropriate conductor type and size be selected for
optimum operating efficiency.
The use of aluminium in conductors for the transmission
of electrical energy dates back to the first use of this metal
in the electrical industry at the start of 20th century.
Amazingly, some of these lines are still in service. Although
its conductivity is not as high as copper, aluminium’s lower
cost and lighter weight are attributes that have resulted in
its almost completely displacing copper for overhead
applications. Of all the known non-precious metals
aluminium ranks second to copper in conductivity. On a
conductivity-to-weight basis it is first and its strength - to
weight ratio is 30% higher than copper. Over the more
than 75 years that aluminium has been used in electrical
conductors, several design concepts have been developed
in arriving at the wide variety of conductors that are
available today.
A systematic approach should be taken in the selection of
the conductor. Factors such as tension loads, ice and
wind loads, current loading of the line, voltage stability,
environmental effects, electrical losses, ambient conditions,
and many others must be considered in the process. The
goal is to select a conductor that exemplifies the best
conductivity-to-weight ratio and/or strength-to-weight ratio
at a minimal cost for the applications. The electrical and
mechanical properties, thermal properties and stress-strain
relationship of the conductor will dictate the choice of
conductor type and size for a given design.
The choice of conductor type and size has a major impact
on transmission line design. Some of the physical and
economic consequences that affect the choice of conductor
in the design process are:
INTRODUCTION TO BARE OVERHEAD CONDUCTORS
As the resistance of the conductor increases, cost of
electrical losses over the life of the line increases.
As the size of the conductor increases, the cost of the
conductor itself increases.
The radial electric field about the conductor increases
as the conductor size decreases but yields higher levels
of corona-included noise.
An increase in conductor diameter yields increased
wind and ice loads on the existing structures.
Stringing any conductor to a higher tension will yield
increased longitudinal broken wire loads and increased
transverse tension loads on angle structures.
Many sizes and types of both standard and special
conductors encompass the above criteria. Both standard
and special conductors perform uniquely under specified
conditions, and the benefit of each is reviewed.
STSTSTSTSTANDANDANDANDANDARD CONDUCTARD CONDUCTARD CONDUCTARD CONDUCTARD CONDUCTORSORSORSORSORS
There are four common type of standard conductor that
have been used for many years in the utility industry (1)
All Aluminium (2) Aluminium Conductor Steel Reinforced,
(3) Aluminium Conductor, Alloy-Reinforced and (4) All
Aluminium Alloy. Regardless of the type of metal used in
the make-up of the Conductor, the strands are always
round and have a concentric lay. These conventional
conductors have long proven track-records of
performance under specified conditions and certain types
of applications.
ALL ALUMINIUMALL ALUMINIUMALL ALUMINIUMALL ALUMINIUMALL ALUMINIUM
CONDUCTOR (AAC)CONDUCTOR (AAC)CONDUCTOR (AAC)CONDUCTOR (AAC)CONDUCTOR (AAC)
AAC, manufactured with 1350-H19 aluminium is a low
cost conductor that offers a conductivity of 61.2% IACS,
or more, good corrosion resistance. The conductivity of
AAC makes it the choice conductor for applications
requiring high conductivity and moderate strength. AAC
has the highest conductivity-to-weight ratio of all the
overhead conductors. This property makes AAC ideal for
installations in urban areas limited in space where short
spans with maximum current transfer are required.
1
5. PATEL WIRE INDUSTRIES
ALUMINIUM CONDUCTOR,ALUMINIUM CONDUCTOR,ALUMINIUM CONDUCTOR,ALUMINIUM CONDUCTOR,ALUMINIUM CONDUCTOR,
STEEL REINFORCED (ACSR)STEEL REINFORCED (ACSR)STEEL REINFORCED (ACSR)STEEL REINFORCED (ACSR)STEEL REINFORCED (ACSR)
The utility industry has utilized ACSR as a common choice
of conductor in transmission and rural distribution circuits
for many years. ACSR is used extensively on long spans
as both ground and phase conductors because of its high
mechanical strength-to-weight ratio and good current-
carrying capacity. ACSR consists of a solid or stranded
galvanised steel core surrounded by one or more layers
of 1350-H19 aluminium. Because of the presence of the
1350 aluminium in the construction, ACSR has equivalent
or higher thermal ratings to equivalent sizes of AAC. The
circular mil area or ACSR is specified according to the
cross-sectional area of aluminium to be contained in the
construction. For example, a 795 kcmil-26/7 ACSR has
795,000 circular mils of aluminium, the equivalent
aluminium area content of a 795 kcmil AAC.
The steel content of ACSR typically ranges from 11% to
18% by weight for larger-than AWG sizes available in
18/1, 15/7, 72/7 or 84/19 stranding. However, it can
vary upto 40% depending on the desired tensile strength
it is desirable for ground wires in extra long spans crossing
rivers, for example, to have a stranding or 8/1, 12/7 or
16/19, giving them higher tensile strength.
The high tensile strength combined with the good
conductivity gives ACSR several advantages.
1. Because of the presence of the steel core, lines,
designed with ACSR elongate less than other standard
conductors, yielding less sag at a given tension.
Therefore, the maximum allowable conductor
temperature can be increased to allowable conductor
temperature can be increased to allow a higher thermal
rating when replacing other standard Conductor with
ACSR.
2. The high tensile strength of ACSR allows it to be installed
in areas subject to extreme ice and wind loading.
3. ACSR is less likely to be broken by falling tree limbs.
ALL ALUMINIUM ALLOYALL ALUMINIUM ALLOYALL ALUMINIUM ALLOYALL ALUMINIUM ALLOYALL ALUMINIUM ALLOY
CONDUCTOR (AAAC)CONDUCTOR (AAAC)CONDUCTOR (AAAC)CONDUCTOR (AAAC)CONDUCTOR (AAAC)
AAAC, developed as a replacement for high strength 6/1
and 26/7 ACSR conductors is made of 6201-T81
aluminium alloy giving it comparable and, in some
instances, improved qualities over both ACSR and AAC
conductors. AAAC offers the combination of good
conductivity, high tensile strength and excellent corrosion
resistance. An equivalent diameter of this conductor is
typically used to replace 6/1 and 26/7 ACSR conductor.
As replacement, the AAC conductors have comparable
thermal rating, improved strength-to weight ratio, lower
electrical losses, and superior corrosion resistance. These
factors make AAAC conductors prominent choices for
distribution installations on the seacost and other areas
severely impacted by corrosion problems.
ALUMINIUM CONDUCTOR,ALUMINIUM CONDUCTOR,ALUMINIUM CONDUCTOR,ALUMINIUM CONDUCTOR,ALUMINIUM CONDUCTOR,
ALUMINIUM-ALLOY REINFORCEDALUMINIUM-ALLOY REINFORCEDALUMINIUM-ALLOY REINFORCEDALUMINIUM-ALLOY REINFORCEDALUMINIUM-ALLOY REINFORCED
(ACAR)(ACAR)(ACAR)(ACAR)(ACAR)
ACAR consisting of mix of 6201-T81 and 1350-H19
strands of the same diameter, has an excellent balance
between mechanical and electrical properties. Because
the 6201 and 1350 strands are equal in diameter, they
can be interchanged to optimize the properties of ACAR
for each particular application. An example of this flexibility
is the increase of the relative number of 6201 strands to
achieve a strength-to-weight ratio matching that of a wide
range of ACSR conductor. These conductors exhibit
excellent corrosion resistance and utilize simple
termination hardwares making them an excellent choice
for may transmission line applications.
MODIFIED CONDUCTORSMODIFIED CONDUCTORSMODIFIED CONDUCTORSMODIFIED CONDUCTORSMODIFIED CONDUCTORS
Many times, the construction of a conventional conductor
can be adjusted to enhance its performance under certain
conditions. It may be desirable to have an increase in the
thermal rating of a conductor having the same diameter,
increase the self-damping ability of the conductor to help
dissipate aeolian vibrations, or maybe even to allow for
an increase in the tension to yield reduced sag. The
changes may come in the form of (1) differently shaped
strands (2) The degree of temper of the aluminium strands,
(3) different types of coatings for corrosion Protection of
the steel core in composite cables, or (4) the modification
of the geometric configuration of the conductor to produce
a varying profile to the wind. These modifications may be
used separately or in combinations to achieve the desired
conductor properties for optimum performance.
2
6. PATEL WIRE INDUSTRIES
ALL ALUMINIUM CONDUCTOR (AAC) /
ALL ALUMINIUM ALLOY CONDUCTOR (AAAC)
STRANDING CONSTRUCTION
3
7. PATEL WIRE INDUSTRIES
ALUMINIUM CONDUCTOR STEEL REINFORCED (ACSR)
18 Al./1 St.
54 Al./19 St..
54 Al./7St.. 30 Al./7St.. 26 Al./7St..
30 Al./19 St.. 16 Al./19 St.. 45 Al./7 St..
24 Al./7St..
STRANDING CONSTRUCTION
12 Al./7 St. 8 Al./1 St.
6 Al./1 St.7 Al./1 St. 3 Al./4 St.4 Al./3 St.
4
8. PATEL WIRE INDUSTRIES
AMERICAN STANDARD
ASTM B230/1972
Nominal wireNominal wireNominal wireNominal wireNominal wire
diameterdiameterdiameterdiameterdiameter
Average for a lotAverage for a lotAverage for a lotAverage for a lotAverage for a lot
KsiKsiKsiKsiKsi
TTTTTensile Strength Minimumensile Strength Minimumensile Strength Minimumensile Strength Minimumensile Strength Minimum
0.2600-0.21010.2600-0.21010.2600-0.21010.2600-0.21010.2600-0.2101 6.614-5.337 23.5 160 22.5 155 2.3 2.2
0.2100-0.18010.2100-0.18010.2100-0.18010.2100-0.18010.2100-0.1801 5.334-4.575 24.0 165 23.0 160 2.1 2.0
0.1800-0.15010.1800-0.15010.1800-0.15010.1800-0.15010.1800-0.1501 4.572-3.813 24.0 165 23.0 160 2.0 1.9
0.1500-0.14010.1500-0.14010.1500-0.14010.1500-0.14010.1500-0.1401 3.810-3.559 24.5 170 23.5 160 1.9 1.8
0.1400-0.12010.1400-0.12010.1400-0.12010.1400-0.12010.1400-0.1201 3.556-3.051 25.0 170 23.5 160 1.8 1.7
0.1200-0.11010.1200-0.11010.1200-0.11010.1200-0.11010.1200-0.1101 3.048-2.797 25.5 175 24.0 165 1.7 1.6
0.1100-0.10010.1100-0.10010.1100-0.10010.1100-0.10010.1100-0.1001 2.794-2.543 26.0 180 24.5 170 1.6 1.5
0.1000-0.09010.1000-0.09010.1000-0.09010.1000-0.09010.1000-0.0901 2.540-2.289 27.0 185 25.5 175 1.6 1.5
0.0900-0.08010.0900-0.08010.0900-0.08010.0900-0.08010.0900-0.0801 2.286-2.035 27.5 190 26.0 180 1.6 1.5
0.0800-0.07010.0800-0.07010.0800-0.07010.0800-0.07010.0800-0.0701 2.032-1.781 28.0 195 26.5 185 1.6 1.4
0.0700-0.06010.0700-0.06010.0700-0.06010.0700-0.06010.0700-0.0601 1.778-1.527 28.5 195 27.0 185 1.5 1.3
0.0600-0.05010.0600-0.05010.0600-0.05010.0600-0.05010.0600-0.0501 1.524-1.273 29.0 200 27.0 185 1.4 1.2
0.0500-0.01050.0500-0.01050.0500-0.01050.0500-0.01050.0500-0.0105 1.270-0.267 25.0 170 23.0 160 - -
inchinchinchinchinch mmmmmmmmmm MPMPMPMPMPAAAAA KiKiKiKiKi
Individual testsIndividual testsIndividual testsIndividual testsIndividual tests
Resistivity : at 20°C
max : ohm.mm2
/km
Average Individual
for a lot tests
28.172 28.264
61.2% 61.0% Condivctivity
I.A.CS
Density at 20°C
2.703 g/cm3
0.097652 lb/in3
MPaMPaMPaMPaMPa
AverageAverageAverageAverageAverage
for a lotfor a lotfor a lotfor a lotfor a lot
IndividualIndividualIndividualIndividualIndividual
teststeststeststeststests
percentpercentpercentpercentpercent
Elongation in 10 inElongation in 10 inElongation in 10 inElongation in 10 inElongation in 10 in
or 250 mm minimumor 250 mm minimumor 250 mm minimumor 250 mm minimumor 250 mm minimum
TYPE OF WIRE EC H19
Specifies diameterSpecifies diameterSpecifies diameterSpecifies diameterSpecifies diameter
plus and minusplus and minusplus and minusplus and minusplus and minus
TTTTToleranceoleranceoleranceoleranceolerance
0.2600-0.10000.2600-0.10000.2600-0.10000.2600-0.10000.2600-0.1000 6.604-2.540 1%
underunderunderunderunder under 0.0010 inch
0.1000-0.03600.1000-0.03600.1000-0.03600.1000-0.03600.1000-0.0360 2.540-0.914 (0.025 mm)
underunderunderunderunder under 0.0005 inch
0.0360-0.01050.0360-0.01050.0360-0.01050.0360-0.01050.0360-0.0105 0.914-0.267 (0.013 mm)
inchinchinchinchinch mmmmmmmmmm
TOLERANCE ON NOMINAL DIAMETERS OF WIRES
5
9. PATEL WIRE INDUSTRIES
AMERICAN STANDARD
ASTM B 396/1967
Minimum tensile strengthMinimum tensile strengthMinimum tensile strengthMinimum tensile strengthMinimum tensile strength
DiameterDiameterDiameterDiameterDiameter
0.2600 to 0.21010.2600 to 0.21010.2600 to 0.21010.2600 to 0.21010.2600 to 0.2101 31500 33,000 2.2
0.2100 to 0.16010.2100 to 0.16010.2100 to 0.16010.2100 to 0.16010.2100 to 0.1601 32500 34,000 2.2
0.1600 to 0.15010.1600 to 0.15010.1600 to 0.15010.1600 to 0.15010.1600 to 0.1501 34500 36,000 1.9
0.1500 to 0.14010.1500 to 0.14010.1500 to 0.14010.1500 to 0.14010.1500 to 0.1401 35000 36,500 1.8
0.1400 to 0.12010.1400 to 0.12010.1400 to 0.12010.1400 to 0.12010.1400 to 0.1201 35000 37,000 1.7
0.1200 to 0.11010.1200 to 0.11010.1200 to 0.11010.1200 to 0.11010.1200 to 0.1101 35500 37,500 1.6
0.1100 to 0.10010.1100 to 0.10010.1100 to 0.10010.1100 to 0.10010.1100 to 0.1001 36000 38,000 1.5
0.1000 to 0.09010.1000 to 0.09010.1000 to 0.09010.1000 to 0.09010.1000 to 0.0901 36500 38,500 1.5
0.0900 to 0.08010.0900 to 0.08010.0900 to 0.08010.0900 to 0.08010.0900 to 0.0801 37000 39,000 1.5
0.0800 to 0.07010.0800 to 0.07010.0800 to 0.07010.0800 to 0.07010.0800 to 0.0701 37500 39,500 1.4
0.0700 to 0.06010.0700 to 0.06010.0700 to 0.06010.0700 to 0.06010.0700 to 0.0601 38000 40,000 1.3
ib/inib/inib/inib/inib/in22222
IndividualIndividualIndividualIndividualIndividual
testtesttesttesttest
inchinchinchinchinch ib/inib/inib/inib/inib/in22222
MinimumMinimumMinimumMinimumMinimum
elongation in 10elongation in 10elongation in 10elongation in 10elongation in 10
in (254 mm) forin (254 mm) forin (254 mm) forin (254 mm) forin (254 mm) for
individual test %individual test %individual test %individual test %individual test %
Average for a lotAverage for a lotAverage for a lotAverage for a lotAverage for a lot
TYPE OF WIRE 5005 H19
Inch pound wire
6.604 to 5.3366.604 to 5.3366.604 to 5.3366.604 to 5.3366.604 to 5.336 22.1 23.2 2.2
5.334 to 4.0665.334 to 4.0665.334 to 4.0665.334 to 4.0665.334 to 4.066 22.9 23.9 2.2
4.064 to 3.8124.064 to 3.8124.064 to 3.8124.064 to 3.8124.064 to 3.812 24.3 25.3 1.9
3.810 to 3.5583.810 to 3.5583.810 to 3.5583.810 to 3.5583.810 to 3.558 24.6 25.6 1.8
3.556 to 3.0503.556 to 3.0503.556 to 3.0503.556 to 3.0503.556 to 3.050 24.6 26.0 1.7
3.048 to 2.7963.048 to 2.7963.048 to 2.7963.048 to 2.7963.048 to 2.796 24.9 26.4 1.6
2.794 to 2.5422.794 to 2.5422.794 to 2.5422.794 to 2.5422.794 to 2.542 25.3 26.7 1.5
2.540 to 2.2882.540 to 2.2882.540 to 2.2882.540 to 2.2882.540 to 2.288 25.6 27.0 1.5
2.286 to 2.0342.286 to 2.0342.286 to 2.0342.286 to 2.0342.286 to 2.034 26.0 27.4 1.5
2.032 to 1.7802.032 to 1.7802.032 to 1.7802.032 to 1.7802.032 to 1.780 26.4 27.8 1.4
1.778 to 1.5261.778 to 1.5261.778 to 1.5261.778 to 1.5261.778 to 1.526 26.7 28.1 1.3
kg/mm2kg/mm2kg/mm2kg/mm2kg/mm2mmmmmmmmmm kg/mm2kg/mm2kg/mm2kg/mm2kg/mm2
Metric Units
percentpercentpercentpercentpercent
TTTTTolerance plusolerance plusolerance plusolerance plusolerance plus
and minusand minusand minusand minusand minus
Specified diameterSpecified diameterSpecified diameterSpecified diameterSpecified diameter
0.2600 to 0.1000 6.604 to 2.540 1 percent
under 0.0010
0.1000 to 0.0601 2.540 to 1.526 (0.025 mm)
inchinchinchinchinch
Tolerance on specified diameters of wires
Density at 20°C
2.703 g/cm3
0.09758 lb/in3
Resistivity at 20ºC max.
32.226 ohm.mm2
/km
19.423 ohm.CM/foot
Conductivity at 20°C percent
IACS 53.5
mmmmmmmmmm
6
10. PATEL WIRE INDUSTRIES
AMERICAN STANDARD
ASTM B 398/1967
Minimum tensile strengthMinimum tensile strengthMinimum tensile strengthMinimum tensile strengthMinimum tensile strength
DiameterDiameterDiameterDiameterDiameter
0.1878 to 0.13280.1878 to 0.13280.1878 to 0.13280.1878 to 0.13280.1878 to 0.1328 46,000 44000 3.0
0.1327 to 0.06120.1327 to 0.06120.1327 to 0.06120.1327 to 0.06120.1327 to 0.0612 48,000 46000 3.0
ib/inib/inib/inib/inib/in22222
Average forAverage forAverage forAverage forAverage for
a lota lota lota lota lot
inchinchinchinchinch ib/inib/inib/inib/inib/in22222
MinimumMinimumMinimumMinimumMinimum
elongation in 10elongation in 10elongation in 10elongation in 10elongation in 10
in (254 mm) forin (254 mm) forin (254 mm) forin (254 mm) forin (254 mm) for
individual test %individual test %individual test %individual test %individual test %
Individual testIndividual testIndividual testIndividual testIndividual test
TYPE OF WIRE 6201 T81
Inch pound wire
4.770 to 3.3734.770 to 3.3734.770 to 3.3734.770 to 3.3734.770 to 3.373 32.3 30.9 3.0
3.371 to 1.5543.371 to 1.5543.371 to 1.5543.371 to 1.5543.371 to 1.554 33.7 32.3 3.0
kg/mm2kg/mm2kg/mm2kg/mm2kg/mm2mmmmmmmmmm kg/mm2kg/mm2kg/mm2kg/mm2kg/mm2
Metric Units
percentpercentpercentpercentpercent
TTTTToleranceoleranceoleranceoleranceolerance
plus andplus andplus andplus andplus and
minusminusminusminusminus
Specified diameterSpecified diameterSpecified diameterSpecified diameterSpecified diameter
0.1878 to 0.10000.1878 to 0.10000.1878 to 0.10000.1878 to 0.10000.1878 to 0.1000 4.770 to 2.540 1 percent
underunderunderunderunder incl under 2.540 0.0010 in
0.1000 to 0.06120.1000 to 0.06120.1000 to 0.06120.1000 to 0.06120.1000 to 0.0612 to 1.554 incl (0.025 mm)
inchinchinchinchinch
Tolerance on specified diameters of wires
Density at 20°C
2.703 g/cm3
0.09758 lb/in3
Resistivity at 20ºC
32.839 ohm.mm2
/km
19.792 ohm.CM/foot
Conductivity at 20°C
percent IACS
52.5
mmmmmmmmmm
7
23. PATEL WIRE INDUSTRIES
BRITISH STANDARD
Steel Wires also available in ST2B, ST3D, ST4A, ST5E and ST6C.
7.78 kg/dm
11.5 x 10 K
207000 N/mm
3
-1
2
-6
192 n mΩ
BS EN
50189:2000Properties of ST1A Wires
Density at 20 C
Modulus of elasticity
Resistivity at 20 C
o
o
Coefficient of linear expansion
20