Complete Description of BHEL TRAINING REPORT for final year student of mechanical . Total Vocational training Report is listed with the content and proper description of turbine blade as well as major component of the training place .
As the AIS (Air-Insulated Substation) is having more limitations, More and more people are going for the Gas-Insulated Substation which is environment friendly as well.
In these presentation, We discussed about theoritical and technological advancement and advantages related to GIS as compared to other substations.
We discussed different parts of the GIS as well as their operations and advantages.
By going through this presentation, you will have idea regarding comparative advantages and disadvantages of both substations.
Industrial training report on dlw varanasi for Main Receiving Substation, Tra...Devendra Kumar
Industrial training report on dlw Varanasi for Main Receiving Substation, Traction assembly shop, Maintenance area 2 and Loco Testing Shop(LTS).The industrial training report of DLW (DIESEL LOCOMOTIVE WORKS) is a different trade. i.e. Electronics and Communication, Electrical, Mechanical, Electrical & Electronics and many engineering holders have participated. The content of my industrial topic Main Receiving Substation, TRACTION ASSEMBLY SHOP, Maintenance area 2 and Loco Testing Shop
Complete Description of BHEL TRAINING REPORT for final year student of mechanical . Total Vocational training Report is listed with the content and proper description of turbine blade as well as major component of the training place .
As the AIS (Air-Insulated Substation) is having more limitations, More and more people are going for the Gas-Insulated Substation which is environment friendly as well.
In these presentation, We discussed about theoritical and technological advancement and advantages related to GIS as compared to other substations.
We discussed different parts of the GIS as well as their operations and advantages.
By going through this presentation, you will have idea regarding comparative advantages and disadvantages of both substations.
Industrial training report on dlw varanasi for Main Receiving Substation, Tra...Devendra Kumar
Industrial training report on dlw Varanasi for Main Receiving Substation, Traction assembly shop, Maintenance area 2 and Loco Testing Shop(LTS).The industrial training report of DLW (DIESEL LOCOMOTIVE WORKS) is a different trade. i.e. Electronics and Communication, Electrical, Mechanical, Electrical & Electronics and many engineering holders have participated. The content of my industrial topic Main Receiving Substation, TRACTION ASSEMBLY SHOP, Maintenance area 2 and Loco Testing Shop
Design of substation (with Transformer Design) SayanSarkar55
This ppt is made for the subject Machine Design. Here the basic types, equipment, designs of substation is described with the preocess and calculation of designing a transformer also.
High Voltage Direct Current Transmission SystemNadeem Khilji
The development of HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) transmission system dates back to the 1930s when mercury arc rectifiers were invented. Since the 1960s, HVDC transmission system is now a mature technology and has played a vital part in both long distance transmission and in the interconnection of systems. Transmitting power at high voltage and in DC form instead of AC is a new technology proven to be economic and simple in operation which is HVDC transmission. HVDC transmission systems, when installed, often form the backbone of an electric power system. They combine high reliability with a long useful life. An HVDC link avoids some of the disadvantages and limitations of AC transmission. HVDC transmission refers to that the AC power generated at a power plant is transformed into DC power before its transmission. At the inverter (receiving side), it is then transformed back into its original AC power and then supplied to each household. Such power transmission method makes it possible to transmit electric power in an economic way.
In all these systems, the power flow of electrical energy takes place through Electrical Substations. An Electrical Substation is an assemblage of electrical components including busbars, switchgear, power transformers, auxiliaries, etc. Basically an electrical substation consists of a number of incoming circuits and outgoing circuits connected to common busbar system. Busbars are conducting bars to which a number of incoming or outgoing circuits are connected. Each circuit has certain electrical components such as circuit-breakers, isolators, earthing switches, current transformers, voltage transformers, etc. These components are connected in a definite sequence such that a circuit can be switched off/on during normal operation by manual/remote command and also automatically during abnormal conditions such as short-circuits. A substation receives electrical power from generating station via incoming transmission lines and delivers electrical power via the outgoing transmission lines. Substations
DLW is an integrated plant and its manufacturing facilities are flexible in nature. These can be utilized for manufacture of different design of locomotives of various gauges suiting customer requirements and other products.
Design of substation (with Transformer Design) SayanSarkar55
This ppt is made for the subject Machine Design. Here the basic types, equipment, designs of substation is described with the preocess and calculation of designing a transformer also.
High Voltage Direct Current Transmission SystemNadeem Khilji
The development of HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) transmission system dates back to the 1930s when mercury arc rectifiers were invented. Since the 1960s, HVDC transmission system is now a mature technology and has played a vital part in both long distance transmission and in the interconnection of systems. Transmitting power at high voltage and in DC form instead of AC is a new technology proven to be economic and simple in operation which is HVDC transmission. HVDC transmission systems, when installed, often form the backbone of an electric power system. They combine high reliability with a long useful life. An HVDC link avoids some of the disadvantages and limitations of AC transmission. HVDC transmission refers to that the AC power generated at a power plant is transformed into DC power before its transmission. At the inverter (receiving side), it is then transformed back into its original AC power and then supplied to each household. Such power transmission method makes it possible to transmit electric power in an economic way.
In all these systems, the power flow of electrical energy takes place through Electrical Substations. An Electrical Substation is an assemblage of electrical components including busbars, switchgear, power transformers, auxiliaries, etc. Basically an electrical substation consists of a number of incoming circuits and outgoing circuits connected to common busbar system. Busbars are conducting bars to which a number of incoming or outgoing circuits are connected. Each circuit has certain electrical components such as circuit-breakers, isolators, earthing switches, current transformers, voltage transformers, etc. These components are connected in a definite sequence such that a circuit can be switched off/on during normal operation by manual/remote command and also automatically during abnormal conditions such as short-circuits. A substation receives electrical power from generating station via incoming transmission lines and delivers electrical power via the outgoing transmission lines. Substations
DLW is an integrated plant and its manufacturing facilities are flexible in nature. These can be utilized for manufacture of different design of locomotives of various gauges suiting customer requirements and other products.
Established in the year 2005, we, Acme Circuits - An ISO 9001:2015 Certified Company, are one of the renowned suppliers of electronic components in India. We provide a comprehensive range of electronics supplying services in India and the USA.
Assessment of Energy Efficiency of a Large Interconnected Distribution System...paperpublications3
Abstract: In a situation, where there is a shortage of power generation or the power stations are operating with a very low reserve margin, as is typically the current position in INDIA, there is a need to operate distribution network at the highest possible efficiency by utilizing network power loss reduction techniques. Such techniques are especially important when contingencies occur as they tend to increase loss, reduce efficiencies and cause power supplies to such networks to increase. This increase can cause the network or multiples of such networks to be load shed, as the power stations do not have the reserve margins to meet this increased demand. An efficiency schedule has been developed for a large ring network that reduces the loss so that its input power can be decreased. In this way, the available power existing due to the contingency can be more evenly spread, and the number of ring main networks to be load shed could be reduced. From the obtained results, the developed efficiency schedule for a large ring main network under contingency conditions was shown to be effective. The efficiency schedule is thus recommended for application in this important field as it will help to prevent load shedding, especially in the situation where power stations are operating with low reserve margins.
Assessment of Energy Efficiency of a Large Interconnected Distribution System...paperpublications3
Abstract: In a situation, where there is a shortage of power generation or the power stations are operating with a very low reserve margin, as is typically the current position in INDIA, there is a need to operate distribution network at the highest possible efficiency by utilizing network power loss reduction techniques. Such techniques are especially important when contingencies occur as they tend to increase loss, reduce efficiencies and cause power supplies to such networks to increase. This increase can cause the network or multiples of such networks to be load shed, as the power stations do not have the reserve margins to meet this increased demand. An efficiency schedule has been developed for a large ring network that reduces the loss so that its input power can be decreased. In this way, the available power existing due to the contingency can be more evenly spread, and the number of ring main networks to be load shed could be reduced. From the obtained results, the developed efficiency schedule for a large ring main network under contingency conditions was shown to be effective. The efficiency schedule is thus recommended for application in this important field as it will help to prevent load shedding, especially in the situation where power stations are operating with low reserve margins.
Minimization of Overall Losses of a Distribution System under Contingency Con...paperpublications3
Abstract: In this paper, a methodology has been proposed to minimize the losses of distribution systems (technical and non-technical losses) that is an absolutely necessary objective in the sound management of any electrical utility. The transmission & distribution losses in Indian power system are high. Most of the efforts of power planners concentrate on augmenting supply by building new power plants. But saving is possible by improving operating conditions for the distribution network. Due to inadequate planning and methods adopted for load shifting, some networks are under loaded while others are overloaded. Thus there is some scope for improvement in operating strategies. Network reconfiguration in distribution system is realized by changing the status of the sectionalizing switches and is usually done for loss reduction and avoids overloading. In primary distribution system (11KV), the need for reconfiguration occurs in emergency condition following the fault to isolate faulted section and in normal condition to reduce system losses or to avoid overloading of network. The main objective of the paper is to outline a methodology for management of distribution system for loss reduction by network reconfiguration. The possible techniques used for power loss reduction, which are network reconfiguration and capacitor addition. Case studies were simulated on an interconnected ring main distribution network.
Minimization of Overall Losses of a Distribution System under Contingency Con...paperpublications3
Abstract: In this paper, a methodology has been proposed to minimize the losses of distribution systems (technical and non-technical losses) that is an absolutely necessary objective in the sound management of any electrical utility. The transmission & distribution losses in Indian power system are high. Most of the efforts of power planners concentrate on augmenting supply by building new power plants. But saving is possible by improving operating conditions for the distribution network. Due to inadequate planning and methods adopted for load shifting, some networks are under loaded while others are overloaded. Thus there is some scope for improvement in operating strategies. Network reconfiguration in distribution system is realized by changing the status of the sectionalizing switches and is usually done for loss reduction and avoids overloading. In primary distribution system (11KV), the need for reconfiguration occurs in emergency condition following the fault to isolate faulted section and in normal condition to reduce system losses or to avoid overloading of network. The main objective of the paper is to outline a methodology for management of distribution system for loss reduction by network reconfiguration. The possible techniques used for power loss reduction, which are network reconfiguration and capacitor addition. Case studies were simulated on an interconnected ring main distribution network.
Micro-alloyed copper overhead line conductors - Wire & Cable Technology Inter...Leonardo ENERGY
http://www.bluetoad.com/publication/?i=217299&p=90
Overhead line conductors are traditionally a domain for aluminium, using either steel reinforced aluminium or aluminium alloys. Using copper for overhead lines might surprise some people because it is a substantially heavier material. Weight, however, is not the most crucial characteristic of the conductor. Its smaller section and hydrophobic coating reduces the wind and ice loads on the conductors, which makes the overhead line more resistant and resilient to weather conditions.
Also, the higher conductivity of copper reduces the losses and the life cycle cost of the overhead line.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
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Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
1. SUBMITTED TO:- SUBMITTED BY:-
MR. AMIT SAXENA SANJEEV KR. SINGH
ASST. PROFESSOR(E.C) 4TH YEAR- (E.C)
1108231148
2. TABLE OF CONTENT
1.ABOUT BHEL
2.BUSDUCT
Introduction to bus duct.
Types of bus duct.
1.Isolated phase bus duct.
2.Segregated phase bus duct.
3.non segregated bus duct.
Design and selection criteria.
3.COMPUTER NETWORKING
Need for computer networking
Advantage of computer networking
Basic component of networking in BHEL, RUDRAPUR
Sharing services
Active directory
Firewall sever
Other features of networking in BHEL,RUDRAPUR
3. ABOUT BHEL
•Bharat Heavy Electrical Limited is power plant equipment
manufacturer based in New Delhi, India
• It was established in 1964
• It has 17 manufacturing units
• It manufactures gas turbines, steam turbines, generators and
boilers
• It is 7th largest power plant equipment manufacturer in the
world
5. Almost all coal , nuclear , geothermal , solar thermal electric , as well
as many natural gas power plants are thermal.
Commercial electric utility power stations are usually constructed on a
large scale and designed for continuous operation.
Electrical power typically uses three-phase electrical generators to
produce alternating current(AC) electric power at a frequency of 50Hz or
60Hz.
High power generation requires special equipment's to transfer from
source to the sink.
INTRODUCTION
6. INTRODUCTION (CONTD.)
To transfer the power through grids into various sub
stations the power needs to reach the generator
transformer(GT) which steps down the high voltage and
current.
This transit occurs with the help of bus duct / bus bar
which is capable of carrying current up to 21000A and
can be subjected to various weather conditions without
substantial losses incurred.
7. BUS DUCTS
INTRODUCTION
Bus ducts or bus bars are used to carry very high current between the
generator and associated transformers, in the power stations.
In the power stations the generator voltages vary from 12 KV to 24
KV whereas auxiliary supply voltages are 3.3 KV, 6.6 KV, or 12 KV.
Bus duct forms an electrical link between generator , transformers
and associated equipment's. It is an assembly of bus bars with
associated joints ,connections and supporting insulators within a
grounded metal enclosure.
Bus bars are thick metal connectors, usually of aluminium , which
carry large current up to 10 KA. The conductors are metal enclosed,
8. Aluminium has been used for the enclosure, as well
as it reduces the magnetic losses.
Aluminium is being used increasingly as bus bar
material, in power stations, distribution boards,
switchgear, etc. one of the main reasons for this is that
it is cheaper to use than copper and making allowance
for the light metal’s.
9. There are three types of bus ducts
Isolated phase
bus duct.
(21kv)
segregated phase
bus duct.
(12kv)
Non segregated
phase bus duct.
(6.6kv)
10. An IPBD most commonly used for large power generating unit and popularly
known as generator bus duct , serves as an interconnection between generator
and it’s associated auxiliary equipment .
Conductors are air insulated and supported in the centre of an enclosure by
strategically arranging the insulators . phase to phase circuits are eliminated
and no current is induced in the steel work.
In Isolated Phase Bus duct each phase conductor is enclosed by an individual
metal housing and separated from adjacent phase conductor housing by an air
space.
Each phase conductor is mounted in an individual enclosure and is carrying
a much higher current for a given permissible temperature hence it has a large
heat dissipation as compared to segregated and non-segregated phase bus duct.
INTRODUCTION
11. SEGREGATED PHASE BUSDUCT
Metal enclosed bus duct in which all the phase conductors
housed in common metal enclosure and segregated by
metallic barrier between phases.
Segregated phase bus duct is generally employed in
medium voltage systems and serves as interconnection
between the switchgear and transformer.
The segregated phase bus duct comprises of three phase
conductors running along with barrier made of aluminium
alloy.
The non-magnetic barrier provided between phase
conductor reduces forces during phase to phase faults and
also helps in reducing temperature rise.
12. NON SEGRAGATED PHASE BUSDUCTS
Metal enclosed bus duct in which all phase conductors are in
common metal enclosure with only air barrier and physical
separation between the phases.
NSPBD serves as an interconnection between 1.1KV
switchgear/indoor power control centre (PCC)/motor control
centre(MCC) and its auxiliary transformer. It is also used for
trunking connection between two separate
switchgear/PCC/MCC, wherever applicable
15. DESIGN AND SELECTION
CRITERIA
The bus duct provide a means for carrying high
current. It provides high system reliability. The type and
rating of bus duct shall be as per system requirement.
The design of bus duct is based on following factors.
The continuous current rating.
Maximum system voltage.
Maximum dynamic and transient forces it may be
subjected to during its life span.
The dielectric requirement of the system.
Climatic conditions.
16. SELECTION CRITERIA
The shape and size of bus duct of bus bar/enclosure is
selected considering the following aspects.
1)The current carrying capability.
2)The resistivity required for permissible thermal limits.
3)Force between the different conductor in short circuit
condition.
4)Skin effect.
5)Proximity effect.
6)Effect of solar radiation on temperature rise
18. WHAT IS COMPUTER
NETWORKING???
•Information and communication are two of the most
important strategic issues for the success of every
enterprise. While today nearly every organization uses a
substantial number of computers and communication
tools (telephone , fax , personal hand held devices) , they
are often still isolated , many departments still do not
communicate and much needed information cannot be
readily accessed.
•To overcome these difficulties there is a need for
effective computer networking.
19. NEED OF COMPUTER NETWORKING
Computer networks allows the user to access remote
program and remote database either from the same
organization or from other enterprises or public source.
Computer networks provides communication faster then
other facility. Because of these optimal information and
communication possibilities , it may increase the
organizational learning rate
20. ADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER
NETWORKING
FILE SHARING : computer networking makes easy for everyone to
access the same file and prevents people from accidentally creating
different version.
PRINTER SHARING: with the computer networking several
computers are inter-connected with the same printer.
COMMUNICATION AND CALLABORATION : it’s hard for
people to work together if no one knows what others are doing. A network
allows employees to share , view other people’s work , and exchange ideas
more efficiently. In a large office , one can use e-mail and instant
messaging tools to communicate quickly and to store for future reference.
ORGANIGATION AND DATA PROTECTION.
21. BASIC COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER
NETWORKING IN BHEL , RUDRAPUR
INTERANET
(MPLS)
INTERNET
(2 MBPS)
FIREWALL
SERVER
SWITCH
( to coordinate b/w
services and users)
ACTIVE
DIRECTORY
SHARING
SERVICE
WEBSITE SERVER
VARIOUS PC
CONNECTIONS