A conductor is a material that allows electricity or heat to flow through it. The best electrical conductors are plasma and metals like silver, copper, and aluminum. Overhead conductors are installed above ground to transmit electricity. Common materials for overhead conductors include copper, aluminum, aluminum alloy reinforced with steel or carbon fiber, and cadmium-copper alloys. Proper conductor selection depends on factors like conductivity, strength, cost, and application.

2. WHAT IS CONDUCTOR
A conductor is a substance or material that
allows electricity and heat to flow or pass
through it is called conductor.
The ability to conduct electricity is called
electrical conductivity.
The ability to conduct heat is called heat
conductivity.

3. In an electrical conductor, the electrical charges
moves from atom to atom when the potential
difference is applied across them.most metals
are electrical conductors.
In an thermal conductor,the heat passes from
atom to atom when we supply heat energy.

4. TYPES OF ELECTRICAL CONDUCTORS
Plasma
These are the best
type of electrical
conductors.

5. Semiconductors
These type of
conductors which
allows electricity to flow
through them but not
as well as plasma
electrical conductors.

6. Resistors
These type of
conductors that makes
electricity flow very
difficult.

7. GOOD CONDUCTOR OF
ELECTRICITY
1. Silver 8.Platinum
2. Gold 9.Brass
3. Copper 10.Bronze
4. Aluminum 11.Graphite
5. Steel
6. Iron
7. Mercury

8. OVERHEAD CONDUCTORS
Overhead conductors
means electrical conductors
installed above ground,
except conductors
deenergized and grounded
or enclosed in protective
conduit or other metal
covering

9. PROPERTIES OF OVERHEAD
CONDUCTORS MATERIAL
1. High electrical conductivity
2. High tensile strength so as to
withstand mechanical stress
3. Relatively lower cost without
compromising much of other
properties
4. Lower weight per unit volume

10. TYPES OF CONDUCTING MATERIAL
1. COPPER CONDUCTOR:
Copper is the perfect
Conducting material for
overhead lines because of its
high electrical conductivity and
good tensile strength .But
because of its high cost and
unavailability, it is seldom used.

11. 2. ALUMINIUM CONDUCTOR :
As compared to copper, Aluminium
has very low conductivity and lower
tensile strength. However, the main
advantage of aluminium is that it is
cheaper. Considering the various
properties such as cost,
conductivity and weight and tensile
strength etc. Aluminium is widely
used for heavy current
transmission.

12. 3.AAC(ALL ALUMINIUM CONDUCTOR)
AAC is also referred as ASC (Aluminium
Standard Conductor).it is made up of
stands of of EC grade or electrical grade
aluminium. AAC conductor has
conductivity almost 61%
IACS(International Annealed Copper
standard).AAC has limited use in
Transmission & Distribution lines .

13. 4.ACAR(ALUMINIUM CONDUCTOR ALOY
REINFORCED)
It is formed by concentrically standard
wire of aluminium 1350 or high strength
Aluminium-Magnesium-Silicon alloy
core.The number of wires of Aluminium
1350 & aluminium-magnesium-silicon
alloy depend on the cable design. These
conductor are extensively used in
overhead transmission and distribution
lines.

14. 5.AAAC(ALL ALUMINIUM ALLOY
CONDUCTOR)
These conductor are made from
aluminium alloy 6201 which is a high
strength aluminium-magnesium-silicon
alloy. This alloy conductor offer good
electrical conductivity (about 52.5%
IACS) with better mechanical strength.
AAAC may be use for distribution
purpurpose. However, it is not usually
preferred for transmission

15. 6.ACSR(ALUMINIUM CONDUCTOR STEEL
REINFORCED
It is concentrically standard conductor with
one or more layers hard drawn 1350-H19
aluminium wire on a galvanized steel wire core.
ACSR conductor are recognised for their
economy, dependability, favourable strength
per weight ratio. It has both characteristics;
light weight and good conductivity of
aluminium with the high tensile strength

16. 7.ACCC(ALUMINIUM CONDUCTOR
COMPOSITE CORE)
ACCC is stand for aluminium conductor
composite core.it is a concentrically
standard conductor.This conductor is
available with one or more layers in
trapezoidal-shaped. ACCC conductor uses
corbon fibre core that is 25% more
stronger and 60% lighter as compared to
the traditional steel core.With the help of
trapezoidal shaped stands allow the
conductor to increase its aluminium
content by over 28%

17. 8. CADMIUM COPPER CONDUCTOR:
If we add 1 or 2% Cadmium to
pure copper, the tensile strength
is increased by 50% and only 15%
conductivity of the pure
conductors is reduced. Hence
Cadmium copper is very useful for
long span.

18. 9. GALVANIZED STEEL CONDUCTORS
The steel wire consists of high
tensile strength and hence it is
widely used for long spans of
transmission line. However the
resistance of conductor is large .
That’s why it is widely used in
rural areas where cost
effectiveness is the main factor

19. TYPES OF CONDUCTOR
1. Solid Conductor
2. Hollow Conductor
3. Stranded Conductor
4. Bundle Conductor

20. TYPES OF ACSR TRANSMISSION LINE
CONDUCTOR
1. Dog
2. Panther
3. Zebra
4. Moose

21. SAG CALCULATION
•The distance between the
highest point of electric
poles or towers and the
lowest point of a
conductor connected
between two poles or
towers.