The document discusses the past perfect tense, which is used to describe an action that was completed before another past action or time. It provides examples of using the past perfect in affirmative, negative, and question forms. Key aspects include using "had" plus the past participle of the main verb to form the past perfect tense and placing it in a sentence with a verb in the simple past tense. The past perfect tense is used to show that one past action was completed before another past action.

1. Past perfect
STAGE 06
TEACHER LUCAS PEREIRA

2. You had already fallen
asleep when I
called you last night.

3. Now let's take a look at this sentence:
You had already fallen asleep when I
called you last night.
TO HAVE
(PAST TENSE)
PAST PARTICIPLE OF
THE VERB
TO FALL

4. You have been introduced to a new verb
tense. It is a combination of HAD and
the PAST PARTICIPLE OF THE MAIN
VERB in the sentence. This new tense is
the PAST PERFECT TENSE.

5. My mom had already made dinner
when I arrived last night.
TO HAVE
(PAST TENSE)
PAST PARTICIPLE OF THE
VERB TO MAKE

6. EXPRESSING CONDITIONS
The if-part of the sentence doesn’t have
to come first. It may come after the will
part. Let’s look at these two sentences.
If you bring some snacks to the party, I
will bring the Coke.
I will bring the Coke if you bring the
snacks to the party.
To form the PAST PERFECT tense, we
use HAD (the verb to have in the past
tense) and the PAST PARTICIPLE
of the main verb.
The stores had already
closed when
Jimmy got to the mall.

7. Look at this statement again.
My mom had already made dinner
PART A
PAST PERFECT TENSE
PART B
SIMPLE PAST TENSE
when I arrived at home last night.

8. A past perfect sentence has two parts.
One part contains HAD + PAST
PARTICIPLE OF THE MAIN VERB in the
sentence. The other part contains a verb
in the SIMPLE PAST TENSE. Either part
can come first.

9. The student had already done the exercise
PART A
PAST PERFECT TENSE
PART B
SIMPLE PAST TENSE
when the teacher asked.

10. I had written the email
PART A
PAST PERFECT TENSE
PART B
SIMPLE PAST TENSE
before he apologized.
One more example.

11. Now look at this table with the affirmative contracted
form of the PAST PERFECT tense. (Notice that we only
contract had. The past participle does not change.)

12. When I got to Laura's house
to pick her up, she hadn't finished
her lunch yet.

13. EXPRESSING CONDITIONS
The if-part of the sentence doesn’t have
to come first. It may come after the will
part. Let’s look at these two sentences.
If you bring some snacks to the party, I
will bring the Coke.
I will bring the Coke if you bring the
snacks to the party.
To form the NEGATIVE FORM we're
going to use HAD NOT (HADN'T) + PAST
PARTICIPLE. Notice that we only
contract HAD NOT. The past participle
does not change.
Julie hadn't taken a shower when
her parents arrived.

14. Now let's compare these sentences:
The game had begun when I got to the
stadium. (AFFIRMATIVE)
The game had not begun when I got to
the stadium. (NEGATIVE)
The game hadn't begun when I got to
the stadium. (NEGATIVE CONTRACTED)

15. Mary had fallen asleep when her cell
phone rang. (AFFIRMATIVE)
Mary had not fallen asleep when her cell
phone rang. (NEGATIVE)
Mary hadn't fallen asleep when her cell
phone rang. (NEGATIVE CONTRACTED)

16. EXPRESSING CONDITIONS
The if-part of the sentence doesn’t have
to come first. It may come after the will
part. Let’s look at these two sentences.
If you bring some snacks to the party, I
will bring the Coke.
I will bring the Coke if you bring the
snacks to the party.
ASKING QUESTIONS
Compare these sentences.
When Bob arrived, the movie had
already started. (AFFIRMATIVE)
When Bob arrived, had the movie
already started? (QUESTION)

17. EXPRESSING CONDITIONS
The if-part of the sentence doesn’t have
to come first. It may come after the will
part. Let’s look at these two sentences.
If you bring some snacks to the party, I
will bring the Coke.
I will bring the Coke if you bring the
snacks to the party.
ASKING QUESTIONS
John had finished his chores when the
boss showed up. (AFFIRMATIVE)
Had Bob finished his chores when the
boss showed up? (QUESTION)

18. EXPRESSING CONDITIONS
The if-part of the sentence doesn’t have
to come first. It may come after the will
part. Let’s look at these two sentences.
If you bring some snacks to the party, I
will bring the Coke.
I will bring the Coke if you bring the
snacks to the party.
HOW TO USE
THE PAST PERFECT
TENSE?

19. We use the PAST PERFECT tense to
describe an action was completed before
another action or time
in the PAST.

20. EXPRESSING CONDITIONS
The if-part of the sentence doesn’t have
to come first. It may come after the will
part. Let’s look at these two sentences.
If you bring some snacks to the party, I
will bring the Coke.
I will bring the Coke if you bring the
snacks to the party.
Joseph had cleaned his room
when his mom arrived.
Look at this example:

21. Look at this sentence again.
Joseph had cleaned his room
when his mom arrived.
In this sentence, two actions happened in the PAST.
1. The boy cleaned his room.
2. The boy's mom arrived.

22. Since both actions did not happen at the
same time in the past, we used the PAST
PERFECT tense to describe an action
that happened first, and the SIMPLE
PAST to describe the action that
happened second. In that sentenced,
the boy cleaned his room, then
his mom arrived.