The document provides examples and explanations of how to use the past perfect tense in English. It demonstrates using the past perfect to show which of two past actions happened first, such as "After he had eaten dinner, he did the washing up" or "They passed their exams because they had studied hard." It also contains exercises asking the reader to rewrite sentences using the past perfect form to indicate one past action occurred before another.

1. Past Perfect

2. He ate dinner. He did the washing up. Which did he do first?

3. He ate dinner. He did the washing up. Which did he do first? He ate dinner

4. He ate dinner. He did the washing up. Which did he do first? He ate dinner Yo u could say he ate dinner then he did the washing up.

5. He ate dinner. He did the washing up. Which did he do first? He ate dinner Yo u could say he ate dinner then he did the washing up. B ut that would be boring.

6. He ate dinner. He did the washing up. Which did he do first? He ate dinner Yo u could say he ate dinner then he did the washing up. B ut that would be boring. Why not use a past perfect ? A fter he had eaten dinner, he did the washing up .

7. He had read the book so he knew the answers He was tired because he had worked very hard They were happy after they had finished the job He was hungry because he hadn't eaten Which action happened first?

8. He had read the book so he knew the answers He was tired because he had worked very hard They were happy after they had finished the job He was hungry because he hadn't eaten Which action happened first? When do we use the past perfect ?

9. He had read the book so he knew the answers He was tired because he had worked very hard They were happy after they had finished the job He was hungry because he hadn't eaten Which action happened first? When do we use the past perfect ? To show which action in the past happened first.

10. Make sentences in the past perfect to show what happened first or before the pictures

11. Before They were happy Why? Past

12. Before They were happy Why? They had scored a goal Past

13. Before They were happy because t hey had scored a goal They had scored a goal Past

14. Before The Titanic sank Why? Past

15. Before The Titanic sank Why? The Titanic sank because it had hit an iceberg Past

16. Before Past There was a flood Why?

17. Before Past There was a flood There was a flood because it had rained a lot

18. Before Past They passed their exams Why?

19. Before Past They passed their exams They passed their exams because they had studied hard

20. Before Past He was hungry

21. Before Past He was hungry Why? He was hungry because he hadn't eaten all day

22. Past Simple BEFORE? Past Perfect 1) The machine caught the thief · The machine caught the thief b ecause ·The machine caught the thief a fter · Before the machine caught the thief, · After ...

23. Past Simple BEFORE? Past Perfect 1) The machine caught the thief · The machine caught the thief b ecause he had tried to steal some money ·The machine caught the thief a fter · Before the machine caught the thief, · After ...

24. Past Simple BEFORE? Past Perfect 1) The machine caught the thief · The machine caught the thief b ecause he had tried to steal some money ·The machine caught the thief a fter he had tried to steal some money · Before the machine caught the thief, · After ...

25. Past Simple BEFORE? Past Perfect 1) The machine caught the thief · The machine caught the thief b ecause he had tried to steal some money ·The machine caught the thief a fter he had tried to steal some money · Before the machine caught the thief, he had tried to steal some money · After ...

26. Past Simple BEFORE? Past Perfect 1) The machine caught the thief · The machine caught the thief b ecause he had tried to steal some money ·The machine caught the thief a fter he had tried to steal some money · Before the machine caught the thief, he had tried to steal some money · After he had tried to steal some money, the machine caught the thief

27. Past Simple BEFORE? Past Perfect 2) He answered the phone... · He answered the phone because...

28. 3) The cat fell asleep... Past Simple BEFORE? Past Perfect · The cat fell asleep because...

29. Make sentences. Use WHEN I didn't eat anything. I arrived at the restaurant. I bought the tickets. I told my friends I finished studying. I went shopping The film started. I arrived at the cinema. I hadn’t eaten anything when I arrived at the restaurant