Passenger pigeon
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The passenger pigeon was once abundant across eastern North America but went extinct in the early 20th century. Flocks could contain billions of birds and migrated long distances seasonally. However, widespread hunting for food and sport, along with habitat loss, led to a dramatic population decline. The last passenger pigeon, named Martha, died in captivity in 1914 at the Cincinnati Zoo, marking the extinction of the species. Scientists are now discussing plans to try to revive the passenger pigeon through genetic engineering techniques.
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The sun is the largest object in the solar system, containing over 99% of its mass. It emits light and heat that support life on Earth and influence all solar system objects. The sun has various internal layers, including the core where energy is produced through nuclear fusion, and an outer atmosphere. Sunspots, solar flares, and other features periodically appear on its surface. In a few billion years, the sun will expand and grow hotter, eventually making Earth uninhabitable.
The sun (more advanced)
Maybe too in-depth for most elementary students, but very good broad coverage for teacher background or more advanced students in elementary or middle school.
Chocolate
The document provides a history of cocoa and chocolate production. It begins with the Aztecs consuming a drink called "chocolatl" made from roasted cocoa beans. Over time, methods were developed to press cocoa butter from the beans and produce chocolate in solid forms. In the 1800s, milk chocolate was invented using cocoa, sugar, and milk. Mass production helped make chocolate affordable and popular globally. The document also details cocoa cultivation, processing of the beans, and methods for tempering and working with chocolate.
Chocolate day Powerpoint Template - slideworld.com
www.slideworld.com Represent chocolate day PowerPoint Templates Very Attractive beautiful Templates Designing and background. To make your PPT attractive.
Chocolate
Chocolate comes in dark, milk, and white varieties and gets its brown color from cocoa solids; the word chocolate originates from the Aztec language and has a history dating back to 1000 BC; while dark chocolate contains only cocoa products, milk chocolate was invented in the 1800s by Henri Nestle and adds milk, and white chocolate is based on sugar, milk, and fat without cocoa solids.
Animal, dolphin powerpoint
The document discusses common dolphins, including their scientific names as either short-beaked or long-beaked common dolphin. It notes their global range in oceans from Atlantic to Pacific and diet of fish and squid. Details are provided on their physical description of being under 9 feet long and 440 pounds, breeding habits of 12 month pregnancies and 2 year intervals between calves. Cool facts presented include jumping up to 20 feet and holding their breath for 30 minutes. Weird facts stated are sleeping with one eye open and using sonar to locate prey.
Environmental Science (EVS) : Birds (Class III)
This document summarizes key features of birds. It discusses their body parts like wings, feathers, beaks and feet. It explains that birds come in different types and have adapted features like beak shape and foot structure based on their diet and habitat. The document also covers birds' abilities like flight, sounds they make, nesting and migration behaviors.
Introduction Of Chocolates
The document provides an overview of the global chocolate industry. It discusses the history and origins of chocolate, major chocolate producing countries and companies, types of chocolate, and the health impacts of chocolate consumption. The global chocolate market is worth billions and is dominated by companies like Mars, Nestle, Hershey and Cadbury. Cocoa production is led by Ivory Coast, Ghana and Indonesia. Dark chocolate may provide some health benefits compared to milk chocolate.
Benefits of gaming
This document discusses the benefits of gaming. It argues that gaming provides a sense of achievement rather than promoting violence. Some benefits mentioned include improving problem solving skills, multitasking abilities, and hand-eye coordination. Gaming is also said to help with attention deficit disorders and physical rehabilitation. Additionally, gaming can enhance vision, attention, memory, decision making, and teamwork/social skills. However, the document cautions against gaming addiction.
Biodiversity and its Conservation
Biodiversity refers to the variety of life on Earth at all levels, from genes to ecosystems. High levels of biodiversity are important for ecosystem functioning and human well-being. However, biodiversity is being lost due to threats like habitat loss, overexploitation, pollution, and climate change. Conservation approaches include protected areas as well as international agreements like CITES and the Convention on Biological Diversity, which aim to protect threatened species and ecosystems.
Chocolate Presentation
Chocolate comes from the cacao tree. The Mayans and Aztecs were the first to make chocolate by crushing cacao seeds and adding spices and hot water to make a drink called Chocolatl. Spanish explorers brought Chocolatl back to Spain and experimented by adding sugar, popularizing chocolate in Europe. Chocolate then spread to France through Spanish monks and became popular worldwide as a sweet treat, especially around holidays like Easter and Valentine's Day.
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Fossil Horses, Orthogenesis, and Communicating Evolution in Museums
More than half of natural history museum exhibits in the US still depict the evolution of horses as occurring in a straight line (orthogenetic) pattern, despite paleontologists recognizing over a century ago that the actual evolutionary pattern is branching. Depicting an outdated evolutionary concept like orthogenesis communicates incorrect scientific information to museum visitors and likely contributes to misunderstandings about evolution. The authors conducted a study of 37 exhibit components from 20 museums and found that 62% of individual components and 40% of full exhibits depicted horse evolution as orthogenetic. They suggest this is due to difficulties communicating updated scientific knowledge outside the field of paleontology, the high costs of redesigning exhibits, and limitations of simplifying complex topics for brief visitor
The United States Exploring Expedition
The United States Exploring Expedition. Martin R. Kalfatovic. Smithsonian Institution Libraries' Town Meeting. May 2003. Washington, DC.
2013.SHIS142
1. Captive keeping of reptiles and amphibians is important for conservation efforts as these species are severely threatened in the wild. Zoos now focus on conservation, education, and research in addition to entertainment.
2. Biodiversity is declining rapidly due to habitat loss, overexploitation, pollution, invasive species, and climate change. Extinction rates are estimated to be 1,000 to 10,000 times higher than normal.
3. Reptiles and amphibians make up a large part of threatened species collections in zoos. Understanding their communication and natural behaviors is important for their welfare in captivity.
Natural news aug 4 '16
Up-to-the minute news (or at least the last couple of weeks) of collections, research, science action, and learning efforts at The Field Museum.
Natural news april 7 '16
Up-to-the minute news (or at least the last couple of weeks) of collections, research, science action, and learning efforts at The Field Museum.
A kingsley cv latest full
Kenneth J. Kingsley is a conservation biologist with over 40 years of experience in ecological research and management. He holds a Ph.D. in Entomology and Ecology from the University of Arizona and has conducted field surveys for wildlife and plants in several states. He has published papers on endangered species and integrated pest management. Kingsley has worked for the National Park Service and as a senior scientist, and now volunteers his time conducting natural history interpretation, surveys, and studies.
fulltext(1)
The document summarizes a study on the status of the tiger beetle (Cicindela hirticollis) along the coast of New York City and Long Island. The beetle was historically found at 30 coastal locations but surveys from 1989 to 2010 found populations at only 13 beaches. Only 4 sites had large populations of 40 or more beetles. No beetles were found at the formerly occupied large coastal beaches. The decline is likely due to heavy human foot and vehicle traffic on beaches that destroys the beetles' burrows. Coastal beaches need management that recognizes their role in supporting wildlife like tiger beetles.
Paleoamerican Americans
The document discusses two topics:
1) The discovery of Naia, a 12,000-13,000 year old skeleton that helped anthropologists make the connection between Paleoamericans and Native Americans by suggesting physical differences were due to natural changes after humans arrived in the Americas rather than different ancestry.
2) Theories about why Neanderthals went extinct, including that Homo sapiens were more advanced and could use resources better, and interbreeding with Homo sapiens who outnumbered Neanderthals 10 to 1. The environment was also changing and becoming warmer, favoring Homo sapiens adaptation.
Zoos : The Saviour of Endangered Species, or Forced Imprisonment for Profit?
The document discusses the history and current state of zoos and their role in conservation. It outlines how zoos originated from private menageries and animal exhibitions for entertainment and profit. While some modern zoos engage in breeding programs, the vast majority of zoos do not breed self-sustaining populations or successfully release animals into the wild. The document also raises concerns about the physical and mental health impacts of captivity on animals. It argues that most zoos have not made valid contributions to endangered species conservation.
The Evolutionary Crisis Of Marine Mammals
The document discusses the evolutionary crisis facing marine mammals. It notes that while adaptation has historically been a natural process, marine mammals are now being forced to adapt faster than ever before due to factors like climate change, overfishing, and pollution from human activity. For some species, these environmental changes are occurring faster than they can evolve or survive. The document provides background on the evolution of marine mammals and how they have adapted from land to sea over millions of years.
Running head A VISIT TO NATURE HISTORY MUSEUM OF LA10.docx
Running head: A VISIT TO NATURE HISTORY MUSEUM OF LA 10
Abdulaziz Alrassi
California State University, San Bernardino
Date
A Visit to Nature History Museum of LA
Introduction
After visiting the Los Angeles Natural History Museum, I learned so many things concerning the animals that were there in the early days and how they looked like, as well as, how they lived . The Museum has a large paleontological collection that helped me develop a better understanding of the Earth’s biota. The Museum’s collection ranges from fossils to the modern organisms which are collected from the entire world, and it is therefore a good place to begin with when exploring on the paleontological exhibits and other historical items. During the visit at the Museum I learned of a few things that I never knew existed and other facts too that are new. In this article there are a lot of areas and information that are presented showing all the paleontological exhibits and other historical items.
Exhibit 1. The Gray Fox
The gray fox (Botanical name Urocyon cinereoargenteus) is one of the interesting exhibits I found at the museum. The exhibit on Fray Fox features 4 photographs indicating how the small American mammal survives in the wild. The photograph below (Image 1) shows a Gray Fox family in their burrow. It reflects the legacy of life by clear illustrations of how the Gray Fox adapts to the environment. From what I gathered, the animals are largely monogamous. The photograph shows an ideal family in their broken terrain habitat. Gray foxes opt to live in broken terrain and rocky areas in order to ease the process of making new homes.
An adult male is seen overlooking his family that is resting outside their den, probably to show gender roles in the social life of the gray fox. The female (much smaller than the male) lies next to their kit. The fresh soil dug in their burrow shows that their home may be new, indicating that the species may have moved in more than once. Gray foxes diet is comprised of vegetation, small mammals such as mice, and insects. The photograph captures an environment (San Gabriel Mountains, California) capable of meeting the species food needs. Green vegetation provides gray foxes with vegetation foods. Insects feeding on the vegetation are most likely part of the gray fox’s diets. Gray foxes are spread across central USA, Southern Eastern Canada, and Western Venezuela (Reid, 2016).
Information obtained from (Reid, 2016) indicates that one of the most peculiar traits of the gray fox is their ability to climb trees in order to evade predators. The strong claws used to dig and remove earth are used to climb trees. This makes them the only species of the dog family with the ability to climb trees.
Image 1: Gray fox, Urocyon cinereoargenteus
2. Exhibit 2: Costume won by David. E. Llewelyn
Image 2 shows the costume worn by David. E. Llewellyn, an important figure in the 20th century America.Llewellyn (1874-1963) was ...
fulltext(2)
This document summarizes research on geographic variation in populations of the tiger beetle Cicindela obsoleta in the United States. The author examined over 1,400 museum specimens and confirmed that four subspecies are present based on differences in elytral markings: C. o. obsoleta, C. o. santaclarae, C. o. vulturina, and C. o. neojuvenilis. Geographic distribution maps created using GIS software show that C. o. obsoleta and C. o. santaclarae overlap extensively, with some intermediate specimens, while C. o. vulturina and C. o. neojuvenilis are largely separate.
10 biodiversity1
The document discusses biodiversity and provides examples of species that have gone extinct. It estimates that based on fossil records, one species may naturally go extinct every 100 years, but since 1600 over 100 bird species have gone extinct, which is 100 times the natural background rate. Habitat loss and degradation are the primary threats causing current biodiversity decline and endangerment of many species.
University of Miami organizes Science Friday | Future Education Magazine
Cephalopods are a class of marine invertebrates that the Science Friday programme recognises each June. They are among the most intelligent ocean creatures, however the majority of them only mate once before passing away.
Biophilately
This document is the September 2015 issue of Biophilately, the official journal of the Biology Unit of the American Topical Association. It contains articles on new stamp issues related to botany, fungi, mammals, birds, invertebrates, entomology and paleontology. Additional articles discuss cultural artifacts of frogs depicted on stamps, a report from the National Topical Stamp Show, and milestones in paleo-philately. The first part of a three-part article by Michael Kogan discusses early uses of dinosaurs in advertising and the first stamps to depict paleontologists, scientists, and prehistoric animals. It provides context on the history and development of paleontology and philately.
Conservation Science
This document discusses the history and development of conservation science. It describes how extinction rates are high, with 50-150 species going extinct daily. Conservation science emerged in the late 19th century with early ecologists. In the mid-20th century, scientists like Aldo Leopold, Rachel Carson, and E.O. Wilson helped educate the public on environmental issues and shape the scientific design of wilderness reserves through their research and advocacy work. Their work influenced the growth of the environmental movement and establishment of organizations like the Society for Conservation Biology.
Conservation Science powerpoint
Presentation used to teach graduate class about Conservation Science and some of the leading Environmental Education authors that have shaped the history of both conservation and ecological thought: Leopold, Carson, E.O. Wilson, Muir, Ehrlich, Meyers and Mac Arthur. A comparison between important ecological terms are included in the presentation such as Keystone verses Umbrella species; the Edge Effect verses SLOSS; lastly Conservation Biology compared to Restoration Ecology.
15 Darwin’S Theory Of Evolution (Version 2)
The document summarizes Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. It describes Darwin's voyage on the HMS Beagle where he observed patterns of diversity among species in places like the Galapagos Islands. This led him to propose that life evolves over time through natural selection, where traits beneficial for survival are passed on while others die out. The document also outlines evidence that shaped Darwin's thinking, such as fossils, biogeography, and homologous and vestigial structures between organisms.
15 darwin’s theory of evolution (version 2)
The document summarizes Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. It describes Darwin's voyage on the HMS Beagle where he observed patterns of diversity among species in places like the Galapagos Islands. This led him to propose that life evolves over time through natural selection, where traits beneficial for survival are passed on while others die out. The document also outlines evidence that shaped Darwin's thinking, such as fossils, biogeography, and homologous and vestigial structures between organisms.
Birds nadezhda elia botty 10 5
1) Birds are classified as class Aves and evolved from dinosaurs over 150 million years ago. They have characteristics like feathers, hollow bones, and wings that enable flight.
2) Birds go through life cycles that involve breeding, nesting, incubation, and fledging. They migrate and form territories. Reproduction involves sexual reproduction like mating and laying fertilized eggs.
3) The document provides details on three specific bird species: the Laysan albatross, king penguin, and bald eagle, describing their habitats, diets, locomotion abilities, and interactions with humans.
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Passenger pigeon
- 2. Belongs to order Columbiformes Scientific name, Ectopistes Migratorius Migrates from season to season to select favorable nesting and feeding environment Believed to acquired 25% to 45% of the United States bird population When Europeans discovered America, there were 3 billion to 5 billion passenger pigeon (Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History in cooperation with Public Inquiry Services, & Smithsonian Institution)
- 3. ‘There are wild pigeons in winter beyond number or imagination,…’, written by the first settlers in Virginia (Clive Ponting) One flock consisted of two billion birds (Paul R. Ehrlich, David S. Dobkin, &Darryl Wheye, 1988) John James Auduon estimated that300 millions Pigeons flew each hour (Paul R. Ehrlich, David S. Dobkin, &Darryl Wheye, 1988)
- 5. Migrating Area Central Ontario Quebec Nova Scotia Texas Louisiana Alabama Georgia Florida Dakota (Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History in cooperation with Public Inquiry Services, & Smithsonian Institution) Great Lakes East New York Nesting Area
- 6. They have small head and neck Their tail is long and wedged- shaped The wings are long and pointed A male Passenger Pigeon length is about 16 ½ inches and female is an inch shorter (Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History in cooperation with Public Inquiry Services, & Smithsonian Institution)
- 7. Their primary food are seeds, acorns, fruits, and berries (Passenger Pigeon) Passenger Pigeon also eats planted grain crops (Passenger Pigeon) Insects and worms (Passenger Pigeon)
- 8. Mourning Dove, the closest relative of the passenger pigeon Mourning dove and passenger pigeon have similar shape and color Because of the same appearance, false reports and mistaken identity occur often (Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History in cooperation with Public Inquiry Services, & Smithsonian Institution)
- 9. Market hunting caused the extinction of passenger pigeon (Jackson, J. A., & Jackson, B. S, 2007) Passenger pigeon were used as a target practice and food for hogs (Jackson, J. A., & Jackson, B. S, 2007) Female laid only one egg per year so it was hard to replace any loss (Clive Ponting)
- 10. Martha is the last of the passenger pigeon species Died in Cincinnati Zoological Garden at September 1st 1914 Her remain is now part of the Smithsonian Institution (Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History in cooperation with Public Inquiry Services, & Smithsonian Institution)
- 11. Scientists are meeting in Washington D.C. to talk about the plan to bring back the extinct passenger pigeon (Kelly Servick, 2013) The National Geographic Society and Revive and Restore organization support the scientists’ plan to put the passenger pigeon back in the sky (Kelly Servick, 2013)
- 12. Clive Ponting. The Story of the Passenger Pigeon. http://www.eco- action.org/dt/pigeon.html Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History in cooperation with Public Inquiry Services, & Smithsonian Institution. ( March 3rd). The Passenger Pigeon. http://www.si.edu/encyclopedia_ Si/nmnh/passpig.htm Jackson, J. A., & Jackson, B. S. (2007). Extinction: the Passenger Pigeon, Last Hopes, Letting Go. Wilson Journal Of Ornithology, 119(4), 767-772. Kelly Servick. (March 3, 2013). The Plan to Bring the Iconic Passenger Pigeon Back From Extinction. http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/?p=151796 Passenger Pigeon. http://sdakotabirds.com/species/ passenger_pigeon_info.htm Paul R. Ehrlich, David S. Dobkin, &Darryl Wheye. (1988). The Passenger Pigeon. http://www.stanford.edu/group/stanfordbirds/text/essays/ Passenger_Pigeon.html