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Conservation Science powerpoint
The document discusses the urgent threat of extinction facing global biodiversity, highlighting that between 50 to 150 species are lost daily, which could lead to over half of Earth's species disappearing in the coming decades. It traces the development of conservation science and the emergence of influential figures such as Aldo Leopold and Rachel Carson, who advocated for environmental awareness and the preservation of ecosystems. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of large wilderness areas for maintaining biodiversity and the role of scientists in shaping public understanding of ecological issues.
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Conservation Science powerpoint
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- 2. Extinctions, conservation science andbiodiversity There may be from 8-100 million species on Earth actual amounts are still unknown only 1 percent of plants have been investigated from 250,000 species. Extinction rates between 50-150 species per day Using an estimate of 10 million species about .2-.6 percent are lost each year When today’s high school students are grandparents more than half of the species on earth may be gone if we continue the extinction rate of species at its present rate. Source Norman Myers author of article ‘What’s this Biodiversity and What’s it Done for Us today?’
- 3. Conservation Science Developedthroughout the 20th century 1867 term ‘oecology’ developed by Ernest Haeckel to describe Darwin’s ideas or the relationship between species and their environment 1890 European and American scientists called themselves ecologists (study communities of both animals and plants) differed from both zoologists and botanists http://www.ucmp.berkeley.e du/history/haeckel.html
- 4. Two opposing views From 1874-1945 Fredrick Clements Plant associations have a stable climax that leads to succession After WWII (1945-- Henry Gleason Change in communities continuous Interest in individual species rather than communities
- 5. After WWIIa new environmental movement changes American culture in regard to ecology and science. Environmental advocates did not trust scientists would be a benefit to wilderness because… By 1947 U.S produced ___________ lbs of DDT 124,258,00 198, 589,00 637,666,00 True or False In the town of Donora PA a deadly smog killed 20 people and 6000 people became sick? .
- 6. From the 1940s-1960s Two types of scientists existed Ecologists Aldo Leopold -forest management Rachel Carson - marine biologist Paul Ehrlick - entomologist E.O Wilson - entomologist Scientists who worked for commercial industries that produced atomic bombs, pesticides, herbicides, medical and biological warfare
- 7. “That land isa community is the basic concept of ecology, but that the land is to be loved and respected is an extension of ethics.” Aldo Leopold, source: http://aldoleopold.org/AldoLeop old/AldoLeopold.pdf Sand County Almanac: widely read from 1940s- 1970 and today 1947 Aldo Leopold became president of the Ecological Society of America
- 8. Educating the public Inthe 1950s and early 1960s People wanted to remember a romantic past Ignore devastation of landscape by pesticides, land pollution to include industrial air and water pollution Celebrated the life of John Muir The mid 1960s began the “age of ecology” (Lewis, 2007, p.207) Why did it take so long for the public to become involved with environmental issues? Eventually the environmental movement began to educate people on scientific and ecological terms carrying capacity, invasive species, extinctions and biodiversity because of these voices
- 9. Rachel Carson 1962-Silent Spring One of few scientists to work with environmentalists Started public outcry and advocacy against human pesticides use and its destructive role on humans and ecosystem By 1972 the Federal Government banned DDT. Source. www.fws.gov/rachelcarson from Hawk Mountain, PAwww.amazon.com
- 10. Paul Ehrlich: ThePopulation Bomb www. amazon.com Ecologist, entomologist and environmental advocate Explained that humans were overpopulating the earth Public wanted more information on scientific and environmental topics
- 11. These scientists shapedthe Scientific Design of Wilderness Reserves E. O. Wilson Biodiversity Worked with insects Jared Diamond Edge effect Worked with birds
- 12. E.O. Wilson andRobert MacArther (Theory of Island Biodiversity 1967) The species area curve showed direct correlation between area of island and amount of species diversity in plant and animal life on it. 1969-1975 Ecologists and environmentalist cited E.O. Wilson’s work to advocate for preserving large nature reserves rather than small ones in order to save as many species as possible His books have influenced conservation science Theory of Island Biodiversity- 1967 Biophiia-1984 Diversity of Life-1992 Future of Life—2002 Joined boards such as Conservation International, American Museum of Natural History, World Wildlife, and the Nature Conservancy Why did E.O Wilson become an Environmental Advocate?
- 13. Norman Myers- TheSinking Ark: a New Look at the Problem of Disappearing Species-1979 After this book was published many scientist left their former stance of objectivity and became environmental advocates including E.O Wilson Joined boards on conservation organization Published articles in popular magazines Wrote books on multiple topics in conservation Book informed the public and scientific community 1% of global rainforests gone and more than 1 million species will be lost between 1975-2000.
- 14. Scientific Design ofwilderness areas: Keystone species or umbrella species 1970-1980 Minimum viable population of species for gene diversity Save wilderness for large carnivores like mountain lions and bears Easy to gain support with environmental advocacy for wolves, bears, tigers etc. Species need broad range each mountain lion needs 25 sq. kms. 500 left 25 sq. kms X 500 = 13,0000 kms. or size of CT
- 15. Edge Effect andSLOSS preservation Jared Diamond stated ‘edge effect’ different species on edge of forest verses other species in the interior for example oven bird Single large or several small microhabitats --- save as much diversity as possible
- 16. Two types ofEcology Conservation Biology 1. Which category would have the Tijuana River Estuary? 3. Which category would have Rocking the Boat? Hint: Bronx, NY Restoration Ecology 2. Which category would study a wood frog in a vernal pool? 4. Which category would study a oven bird in its natural habitat?
- 17. Society for Conservation Biology Beganin 1986 by Michael Soule Goal promote large areas of interconnected wilderness and species biodiversity Mission: The Society for Conservation Biology advances the science and practice of conserving Earth's biological diversity. Society for conservation biology http://www.conbio.org/AboutUs/
- 18. Society for Ecological Restoration Founded 1987 Main focus on plant studies Goals Restore specific species Communities Ecosystems www. googleimages.com
- 19. Match author tobook Leopold E.O Wilson Ehrlich Norman Myers Rachel Carson Robert Mac Arthur Silent Spring The Population Bomb Island Biodiversity The Sinking Ark a New Look at Disappearing Species Sand County Almanac
- 20. Conservation and ecological science Contributed knowledge to all Americans Americans used it to conserve wilderness Science has shaped attitudes about wilderness Direct affect on how Americans “understand, manage and preserve wilderness” (Lewis, p. 207, 2007) Ecology study interactions among community of species Human influences on nature undesirable Preservation of large wilderness verses small wilderness areas Humans depend on nature and biodiversity for survival yet continue to threaten it and their own existence.
- 21. References Carson, R.U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service retrieved on October 31, 2011 from http://www.fws.gov/rachelcarson/#bio Clements, F. United States Department of History retrieved on Nov 1, 2011 from http://www.history.ucsb.edu/projects/westcampus/clements/bio.ht m Diamond, J. photo retrieved on Nov 1,2011 from www. wikipedia Hackel E. University of Berkley retrieved on Oct 31 from http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/haeckel.html Erhlick, P. book picture retrieved on Nov 1, 2011 from www.amozon.com Kline, B. (20i1). First along the river. Lanham; MD: Rowman and Littlefield Leopold,A Aldo Leopold Foundation retrieved on Oct 27, 2011 from http://aldoleopold.org/AldoLeopold/leopold_bio.shtml Lewis, M. (2007). American wilderness A new history New York: Oxford. Mountain lion photo retrieved on Nov 1, 2011 from www.images.search yahoo.com
- 22. Secession landscaperetrieved on Nov 1, 2011 photohttp://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/imag es/succession.gif Society for conservation biology retrieved on October 27, 2011 from //www.conbio.org/AboutUs Wilson, E.O photo retrieved on October 27, from http://www.eowilson.org Wilson, E. O. Biophilia Center at Nokuse Plantation retrieved on October 27, 2011 from http://eowilsoncenter.org/viewphotos.html Wilson, E. O. Academy of Achievement. Museum of Living History. Washington D.C. E.O Wilson retrieved on October 27, 2011 http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/page/wil2gal-1