This document discusses the history and development of conservation science. It describes how extinction rates are high, with 50-150 species going extinct daily. Conservation science emerged in the late 19th century with early ecologists. In the mid-20th century, scientists like Aldo Leopold, Rachel Carson, and E.O. Wilson helped educate the public on environmental issues and shape the scientific design of wilderness reserves through their research and advocacy work. Their work influenced the growth of the environmental movement and establishment of organizations like the Society for Conservation Biology.