This document discusses passenger comfort and safety in vehicles. It describes how vehicle safety has improved with advances in technology and regulations. It outlines two types of vehicle safety: active safety features that prevent accidents, and passive safety features that minimize injury if an accident occurs. Examples of active safety features include ABS, traction control, and collision warning systems. Passive safety features discussed include airbags, seatbelts, laminated glass, and collapsible steering columns, which are designed to protect occupants during a crash.

1. PASSENGER COMFORT AND
SAFETY
UNIT-6.3

3.  With development of society, there is increase in
vehicle number and traffic
 Accident have become frequent and serious
 Science and technology have also improved
 Regulatory act have also progressing to increase
road safety
 decreased in fatal accident
 Due to improved safety
 Vehicle manufacturer are also developing new
feature for safety
 Main purpose of vehicle safety is safety of vehicle
crew and other road user.

4. Safety of an automobile is of
two type
 1. Active safety- before accident
 2. Passive safety- after accident

5. Active safety- chance of accident should be minimize or to
prevent the chance of crash by providing certain indication to driver
Active
safety
Good
visibility Low noise
inside
Warning
symbol
Head up
displays
Good chassis
balance
Good
handling
Good grip
ABS
Electronic
stability
control
Brake assist
Traction
control
Collision
warning
Autonomous
cruise
control
system
Electronic
brake force
distribution

6. Passive
safety
External
safety
Internal
safety

7. Passive safety -if accident occurs then
injury to driver and passenger should be minimum
Passive
safety
• Minimize injury in collision and outside
the vehicle
• Main factor is car body
External
safety
• Minimize the acceleration and internal
forces on passenger
• Provide space for survival
Internal
safety

8.  Behavior of car body during deformation
 Strength of passenger compartment
 Deceleration system
 Control system
 Fire protection
 Seat belt
 Air bags
 Laminated glass
 Fuel tank position
 Fuel pump kill switch

9. Air bag
 Working Principle of an
Airbag
 Crash test showed that for an airbag to be
useful as protective device
 the bag must deploy and inflate within the
stipulated time.
 It takes only about 30-60 milliseconds to get
activated at the event of collision.

11.  Airbags become energy-absorbing buffers between people and the
hard interior surfaces of vehicles.
 Normally air bags are hidden in the hub of the steering wheel or in
the dash on the passengers side
 Once the sensor has turned on the electrical circuit, a pallet of
sodium azide (NaN3) is ignited, and a rapid reaction occurs,
generating nitrogen gas.
 This gas fills a nylon or poly amide bag at a velocity of 150-230 miles
per hour.
 In order for the air bag to cushion the head for maximum
protection, the air bag must begin to deflate by the time the body
hits. Otherwise the high internal pressure of the airbag would create
a surface as hard as stone not the protective cushion.

12. Seat belt
 The main purpose of a seat belt is to keep
vehicle occupants safe in the event of a crash.
 The seat belt functions by keeping the
occupant in a more static motion despite a
sudden stop or change in momentum.
 A car moves with inertia, which is an object’s
tendency to move until something works
against the motion of that object.
 When the vehicle hits something, or is hit by
something, that inertia changes.
 Without the seat belt, occupants can be
thrown into various parts of the interior of the
car, or thrown completely out of the car.
 The seat belt usually stops this from
happening.

13. Collapsible steering
 Collapsible steering
columns still consist
of a long shaft that
connects the steering
wheel to the steering
gear box.
 Collapsible design is
composed of an inner
and an outer sleeve,
pressed tightly
together with a
number of steel
bearings in between.

14.  These steel bearings are pressed into the metal sleeves, and are held in
place with a strong safety resin
 which is designed to harden and then shatter when a specific level of
pressure is applied.
 In the event of a frontal impact, the steel bearings between the sleeves
break free
 allowing the inner sleeve to be moved further into the outer sleeve in
telescopic fashion before enough pressure is achieved to ram the whole
steering column into the driver.
 In this manner, the energy received through a frontal impact is completely
absorbed by the steering column's collapsing parts, allowing most modern
drivers to remain completely unaware of the danger they have avoided.