A parametric experimental study for producing paving blocks using fine and coarse waste glass is
presented. Some of the physical and mechanical properties of paving blocks having various levels of fine glass
(FG) and coarse glass (CG) replacements with fine aggregate (FA) are investigated. The test results show that the
replacement of FG by FA at level of 20% by weight has a significant effect on the compressive strength, flexural
strength, splitting tensile strength and abrasion resistance of the paving blocks as compared with the control
sample because of pozolanic nature of FG. The compressive strength, flexural strength, splitting tensile strength
and abrasion resistance of the paving block samples in the FG replacement level of 20% are 69%, 90%, 47%
and15 % higher as compared with the control sample respectively.
STUDY ON GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE USED FOR PAVING BLOCKSAM Publications
Paver block is used in various applications like in street road and other construction places. Portland cement generates large amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) which is responsible for global warming hence it is a greenhouse gas. And the concrete paver block production consume large amount of water and space for curing purpose. The other great problem today is disposal of solid waste from Coal fired thermal power plants generate fly ash and pond ash. This project combined sustainability, curing free with waste management leading to a wonderful product called geo-polymer concrete pavers. This paper represents the results of the geopolymer concrete paver block with the mix of M40 grade Test results indicate that low calcium fly ash based geopolymer concrete pavers has excellent compressive strength within short period (3 days) without water curing & suitable for practical applications
Development of Green Paving Blocks Using Recycled Aggregates: An Approach tow...iosrjce
Present study deals with the laboratory investigations for fabrication of M-35 grade concrete paving
blocks using recycled coarse and fine aggregates as a replacement of natural aggregates from 25 to 100 % level
by weight and results were compared with control. It was observed that properties of recycled aggregates were
inferior to natural aggregates. However, the properties of recycled aggregates enhanced after washing. The test
results of blocks showed that the replacement of natural aggregates by recycled aggregates at the level of 25 %
had little effect on the compressive strength and it decreased beyond these levels. As compare to natural
aggregates, the flexural strength of paving blocks was higher using recycled aggregates. Durability
performance of blocks like water absorption, density and abrasion resistance was also improved using washed
recycled coarse aggregates. Petrographic image analysis showed improvement in the interface of washed
recycled coarse aggregates and surrounding matrix.
To Study the Properties of Concrete with Partial Replacement of Aggregates wi...ijtsrd
Natural resources are depleting worldwide while at the same time the generated wastes from the industry are increasing substantially. The sustainable development for construction involves the use of nonconventional and innovative materials, and recycling of waste materials in order to compensate the lack of natural resources and to find alternative ways conserving the environment. So, this paper presents the results of an experimental investigation carried out to evaluate the mechanical properties of concrete mixtures in which fine aggregate sand was replaced with Copper Slag CS while coarse aggregates was replaced by recycled concrete aggregate RCA from demolished structure. Both the fine and coarse aggregate were replaced with percentages 0 for the control mixture , 10 , 20 , 30 , of Copper Slag by weight. Tests were performed for properties of fresh concrete and hardened Concrete. Slump test was conducted to determine the workability of the various design concrete mix. Compressive strength and split tensile strength were determined at 7, 28 days of curing. The results indicate that workability decreases slightly with increase in Copper Slag percentage, though workability for the sample were within the prescribed limit for M25 concrete. Test results indicate significant improvement in the strength properties of plain concrete by the inclusion of CS alone while a reverse trend in observed for increasing percentage of RCA in the sample. The synergistic effect of CS and RCA on the designed sample concrete revealed that the percentage of CS is the more decisive factors than the percentage of RCA in deciding the performance of the concrete in terms of compressive and tensile strength. The outcomes of this research work showed that Copper slag and recycled concrete aggregate can be effectively used in structural concrete as a replacement of fine aggregate sand and coarse aggregate respectively. Futher, it substantiate towards sustainable construction approach because of its dual advantage of controlling menace of solid waste disposal along with its subsequent environmental pollution and increasing the cost efficiency and carbon efficiency of the product. Achal Jain | Er Nitin Thakur "To Study the Properties of Concrete with Partial Replacement of Aggregates with Industrial and Construction Waste" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29835.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/29835/to-study-the-properties-of-concrete-with-partial-replacement-of-aggregates-with-industrial-and-construction-waste/achal-jain
Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019,
URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18445.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/18445/use-of-waste-material-in-concrete/salman
Evaluation of Demolition Waste Aggregates in Paver Blocks for Medium Trafficijtsrd
In India, total building waste is projected to be between 12 and 14 million tonnes per year, with concrete and brick trash accounting for 7 to 8 million tonnes. Concrete trash is generated in vast quantities during construction, demolition, and renovation. This trash is either disposed of in a landfill or diverted to one. This concrete waste can be recycled in a high quality manner. We offer the notion of sustainable use of concrete waste in concrete that can be utilised to make interlocking paver blocks in this study. After crushing, this concrete waste can be used as a total or half replacement for coarse and fine aggregates in paver blocks in two steps, according to IS. Deepak Brijpuria | Abhay Kumar Jha | Barun Kumar | Rajesh Kumar Misra "Evaluation of Demolition Waste Aggregates in Paver Blocks for Medium Traffic" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46338.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/46338/evaluation-of-demolition-waste-aggregates-in-paver-blocks-for-medium-traffic/deepak-brijpuria
As concrete is the most abundant material used in the world, it contains aggregate content of around 60 to 70 %. Since aggregate are being used rapidly there has been a scarcity in the avaibility of these materials. This research investigates the effect of partially replacing aggregates by burnt brick bats and lateritic fines in concrete respectively for M25 grade concrete. The incorporation is done for 5%, 10% and 15% of burnt brick bats for coarse aggregate and by talking 15% of lateritic fines as constant for fine aggregate by conducting compressive strength test which gave the optimum value of 15% for natural sand. The compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength was conducted. The results showed density of of the concrete incorporating brick and laterite was lower compared to conventional concrete, the concrete with 5% burnt brick and 15% lateritic soil showed increased strength for 7 days compared to normal concrete but when 28 days test was conducted the strength was similar to conventional concrete. The split tensile and flexural strength of replaced concrete was found to be lower than the nominal concrete.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
STUDY ON GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE USED FOR PAVING BLOCKSAM Publications
Paver block is used in various applications like in street road and other construction places. Portland cement generates large amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) which is responsible for global warming hence it is a greenhouse gas. And the concrete paver block production consume large amount of water and space for curing purpose. The other great problem today is disposal of solid waste from Coal fired thermal power plants generate fly ash and pond ash. This project combined sustainability, curing free with waste management leading to a wonderful product called geo-polymer concrete pavers. This paper represents the results of the geopolymer concrete paver block with the mix of M40 grade Test results indicate that low calcium fly ash based geopolymer concrete pavers has excellent compressive strength within short period (3 days) without water curing & suitable for practical applications
Development of Green Paving Blocks Using Recycled Aggregates: An Approach tow...iosrjce
Present study deals with the laboratory investigations for fabrication of M-35 grade concrete paving
blocks using recycled coarse and fine aggregates as a replacement of natural aggregates from 25 to 100 % level
by weight and results were compared with control. It was observed that properties of recycled aggregates were
inferior to natural aggregates. However, the properties of recycled aggregates enhanced after washing. The test
results of blocks showed that the replacement of natural aggregates by recycled aggregates at the level of 25 %
had little effect on the compressive strength and it decreased beyond these levels. As compare to natural
aggregates, the flexural strength of paving blocks was higher using recycled aggregates. Durability
performance of blocks like water absorption, density and abrasion resistance was also improved using washed
recycled coarse aggregates. Petrographic image analysis showed improvement in the interface of washed
recycled coarse aggregates and surrounding matrix.
To Study the Properties of Concrete with Partial Replacement of Aggregates wi...ijtsrd
Natural resources are depleting worldwide while at the same time the generated wastes from the industry are increasing substantially. The sustainable development for construction involves the use of nonconventional and innovative materials, and recycling of waste materials in order to compensate the lack of natural resources and to find alternative ways conserving the environment. So, this paper presents the results of an experimental investigation carried out to evaluate the mechanical properties of concrete mixtures in which fine aggregate sand was replaced with Copper Slag CS while coarse aggregates was replaced by recycled concrete aggregate RCA from demolished structure. Both the fine and coarse aggregate were replaced with percentages 0 for the control mixture , 10 , 20 , 30 , of Copper Slag by weight. Tests were performed for properties of fresh concrete and hardened Concrete. Slump test was conducted to determine the workability of the various design concrete mix. Compressive strength and split tensile strength were determined at 7, 28 days of curing. The results indicate that workability decreases slightly with increase in Copper Slag percentage, though workability for the sample were within the prescribed limit for M25 concrete. Test results indicate significant improvement in the strength properties of plain concrete by the inclusion of CS alone while a reverse trend in observed for increasing percentage of RCA in the sample. The synergistic effect of CS and RCA on the designed sample concrete revealed that the percentage of CS is the more decisive factors than the percentage of RCA in deciding the performance of the concrete in terms of compressive and tensile strength. The outcomes of this research work showed that Copper slag and recycled concrete aggregate can be effectively used in structural concrete as a replacement of fine aggregate sand and coarse aggregate respectively. Futher, it substantiate towards sustainable construction approach because of its dual advantage of controlling menace of solid waste disposal along with its subsequent environmental pollution and increasing the cost efficiency and carbon efficiency of the product. Achal Jain | Er Nitin Thakur "To Study the Properties of Concrete with Partial Replacement of Aggregates with Industrial and Construction Waste" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29835.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/29835/to-study-the-properties-of-concrete-with-partial-replacement-of-aggregates-with-industrial-and-construction-waste/achal-jain
Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019,
URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18445.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/18445/use-of-waste-material-in-concrete/salman
Evaluation of Demolition Waste Aggregates in Paver Blocks for Medium Trafficijtsrd
In India, total building waste is projected to be between 12 and 14 million tonnes per year, with concrete and brick trash accounting for 7 to 8 million tonnes. Concrete trash is generated in vast quantities during construction, demolition, and renovation. This trash is either disposed of in a landfill or diverted to one. This concrete waste can be recycled in a high quality manner. We offer the notion of sustainable use of concrete waste in concrete that can be utilised to make interlocking paver blocks in this study. After crushing, this concrete waste can be used as a total or half replacement for coarse and fine aggregates in paver blocks in two steps, according to IS. Deepak Brijpuria | Abhay Kumar Jha | Barun Kumar | Rajesh Kumar Misra "Evaluation of Demolition Waste Aggregates in Paver Blocks for Medium Traffic" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46338.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/46338/evaluation-of-demolition-waste-aggregates-in-paver-blocks-for-medium-traffic/deepak-brijpuria
As concrete is the most abundant material used in the world, it contains aggregate content of around 60 to 70 %. Since aggregate are being used rapidly there has been a scarcity in the avaibility of these materials. This research investigates the effect of partially replacing aggregates by burnt brick bats and lateritic fines in concrete respectively for M25 grade concrete. The incorporation is done for 5%, 10% and 15% of burnt brick bats for coarse aggregate and by talking 15% of lateritic fines as constant for fine aggregate by conducting compressive strength test which gave the optimum value of 15% for natural sand. The compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength was conducted. The results showed density of of the concrete incorporating brick and laterite was lower compared to conventional concrete, the concrete with 5% burnt brick and 15% lateritic soil showed increased strength for 7 days compared to normal concrete but when 28 days test was conducted the strength was similar to conventional concrete. The split tensile and flexural strength of replaced concrete was found to be lower than the nominal concrete.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
Natural resources are vanishing universal while at the similar time the generated wastes from the industry are
growing substantially. The sustainable development for construction requires the use of nonconventional and
innovative materials, and recycling of demolished and waste materials so to compensate the lack of natural
resources and to find alternative ways of conserving the environment. So, this paper presents the consequences
of an experimental study carried out to evaluate the power-driven properties of concrete mixtures in which fine
aggregate (sand) was swapped with Copper Slag (CS) while coarse aggregates were swapped by used and
recycled concrete coarse aggregate (RCA) from demolished structure or building. Both the coarse and fine
aggregate were replaced with percentages 0% (for the control mixture), 10%, 20%, 30%, of Copper Slag by
weight ratio. Tests were performed for properties of new concrete and toughened Concrete simultaneously.
Slump test was conducted to regulate the workability of the several design concrete mix. Compressive strength
and split tensile strength were determined at 7, 28 days of curing completely.
The results show that workability shrinkages slightly with rise in Copper Slag ratio, however workability for
the illustrations were within the prearranged boundary for M25 concrete. Test results shown substantial
enhancement in the strength assets of simple concrete by the insertion of CS alone whereas a reverse tendency
in observed for growing proportion of RCA in the illustration. The result of this study work displayed that
Copper slag in addition recycled concrete aggregate can be efficiently used in physical concrete as a standby of
coarse aggregate and fine aggregate (sand) respectively.
A Research on Study the Behaviour of Concrete using Waste Tires Chipsijtsrd
Concrete is one in all the principal wide utilized development materials in the world. Regular assets rises a developing worry for shielding the environmental factors and a need to save common assets, by different material which territory unit reused or waste materials during this examination, an investigation was applied on the work of reused elastic tires as a fractional substitution for coarse Aggregates in Concrete development utilizing provincially reachable waste tires. In the principal a piece of this proposal, the foundation of the investigation The examination was applied by leading tests on the Waste materials to see their properties and reasonableness for the analysis. Concrete Was prepared comprising of 3 Concrete evaluations M20 and M25 . The examples were made with extent substitutions of the coarse blend by ten, twenty five and fifty endeavor elastic blend. Besides, an orientation join with no substitution of the coarse blend was made to make a similar examination. The arrangements of tests led are droop, unit weight, compressive quality, lastingness, sway obstruction and flexural quality tests. the data collection was predominantly upheld the tests led on the prepared examples inside the research center. The check results were contrasted and the few run of the mill Concrete properties and show that theres a rebate in compressive quality of the Concrete as a result of the consideration of elastic Aggregates. yet this could constrain its utilization in some auxiliary applications, it has hardly any alluring attributes like lower thickness, higher effect opposition, expanded versatility, and a little increment in flexural quality inside the lower compressive quality Concrete classifications. the outcomes demonstrate that its capability to utilize reused elastic tires in Concrete development as a halfway swap for coarse Aggregates. no different, the extent of substitution should be confined to a minor amount and furthermore the application should be limited to express cases any place the improved properties due to the elastic Aggregates zone unit entrancing. Anuj Nehra | Er. Nitin Thakur "A Research on Study the Behaviour of Concrete using Waste Tires Chips" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33447.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/33447/a-research-on-study-the-behaviour-of-concrete-using-waste-tires-chips/anuj-nehra
Variation of Compressive strength and water absorption of concrete made by Tw...ijsrd.com
Nowadays construction materials are increasingly evaluated by their ecological characteristics. Concrete recycling gains importance because it protects natural resources and eliminates the need for disposal by using the readily available concrete as an aggregate source for new concrete or other applications. The concrete in this paper is produced by utilizing alternative and recycled waste materials such as fly ash and recycled concrete aggregates to reduce energy consumption, environmental impact, and usage of natural resources. The inferior quality of recycled aggregate (RA) has restricted its use to low-grade applications such as roadwork sub-base and pavements, while its adoption for higher-grade concrete is rare because of the lower compressive strength and higher variability in mechanical performance of RA. A new concrete mixing method, two-stage mixing approach (TSMA), was advocated to improve the quality of RA concrete (RAC) by splitting the mixing process into two parts. In the current paper we will discuss two parameters on which the concrete made by TSMA has been tested for strength characteristics viz. compressive strength and flexural strength. These parametric properties are compared with the conventional concrete with the variation of percentage of recycled coarse aggregates(RCA) and fly ash.
A Research on the Behaviour of Concrete by Partially Replacement of Cement wi...ijtsrd
We are well aware that the production of cement does a lot of harm to the environment. It includes tons of similar carbon emissions from other chemicals. Research has shown that every ton of cement output releases half a ton of carbon dioxide, so the need to regulate the use of cement is immediate. For example, Sugar Cane Bagasse Ash is hard to arrange on the hand materials squanders which is consequently ecological danger. The Bagasse debris gives concrete strong early cohesion, and also decreases cement porousness. During hydration, the silica present in the Bagasse debris reacts with concrete segments and gives extra properties such as chloride opposition, erosion obstruction and so on. Using Bagasse debris in concrete thus decreases the ecological pollution as well as improves the properties of cement and thus decreases the quality. This undertaking manages for the most part to substitute concrete with Bagasse debris in defined degree and to test the mixed cement on SCBA. The solid blend formed by fluctuating the Bagasse debris differential extent at 0 percent, 10 percent, 15 percent, 20 percent, 30 , 40 percent. The test result shows that the consistency of solid increases up to 10 per cent Sugar stick bagasse debris with concrete supplanting. Anisha | Dr. Sumesh Jain "A Research on the Behaviour of Concrete by Partially Replacement of Cement with Sugarcane Bagasse" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33354.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/33354/a-research-on-the-behaviour-of-concrete-by-partially-replacement-of-cement-with-sugarcane-bagasse/anisha
Properties of Brick Aggregate Concrete as Influenced by the Strength of Brickijtsrd
The principal aim of this study was to research the influence of the strength of brick on the properties of brick aggregate concrete. In doing that the water cement ratio by weight and curing period of concrete for all specimens was kept fixed. The sort of brick as a source of coarse aggregate was the sole variable during this study. Three varieties of brick were utilized during this study to vary the strength of aggregate. These are picked first class brick and second class brick. The mix ratio by volume were 1 1.25 2.5 and 1 1.5 3.0. The fineness modulus of combined sand 50 Sylhet 50 Local was 1.88. Tests were administered on cylinder and prism specimens. Emphasis was given to studying the fundamental properties of hardened concrete like compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, and tensile strength. Attempts were made to form a relation between the properties of concrete and also the strength of bricks. The test results have shown that the properties of concrete the compressive strength, f’c modulus of rupture, fr split tensile strength, fsp and modulus of elasticity, Ecinitially increases at the subsequent rate with the increase of the strength of brick, and then the rate decreases. Md. Mahfujur Rahman | Md. Shohrab Hossain Pavel | Md. Rashedul Islam | Yousuf Ali | Md. Shafiqul Islam | Md. Shariful Islam | Md. Abdul Gone | Shafiqur Rahman "Properties of Brick Aggregate Concrete as Influenced by the Strength of Brick" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd35759.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/35759/properties-of-brick-aggregate-concrete-as-influenced-by-the-strength-of-brick/md-mahfujur-rahman
compressive strength of concrete containing milled glass as partial substitut...IJAEMSJORNAL
This work reports the outcome of an experiment carried out by using milled glass (MG) of varying percentages (20%, 40% and 60% by weight)of cement in concrete making. MG was sourced for and milled to required fineness. The concrete was batched with mix ratio of 1։2։ 4. Concrete Cube specimens produced were allowed to cure for 7-28 days and compressive strength, slump and setting time tests were carried out and were compared with those of conventional concrete (0% MG). Results obtained showed that compressive strength of the concrete increased with increase in length of curing age, but decreased as the percentage of MG increased. However, the strength still remained in the allowable range of workability for concrete in line with British standard. MG replacement of 20% was found to be the most suitable mix considering the strength and safe use of the concrete. It was concluded that MG replacement of 20% showed no significant loss in strength compared to the control sample and is stable and could be acceptable in most concrete. At the long run. Waste glass that currently constitutes waste concern in built environment in Nigeria can best be managed through alternative use in concrete production.
Alternative Low Cost Building Materials on Beamsijtsrd
Today, transfer of waste material is an incredible issue and it gets to be hard to discover common assets because of their extreme abuse. Utilization of waste materials as development materials has various advantages, for example, diminishment in cost, saving in energy, and protection of environment. coconut shell is a waste material which can be a substitute for aggregate. Along these lines, the primary goal of this anticipate is to empower the utilization of coconut shell as a development material and to get ready lightweight concrete by utilizing coconut shell as coarse aggregate. In this anticipate, exploratory study has been done on characteristic strength of M35 concrete with substitution of 15% and 30% of coarse aggregate by coconut shell .Also an attempt has been made to examine the suitability of replacing the 20% of flyash with cement and simultaneously by replacing 15% and 30% of coconut shell as coarse aggregate for concrete of grade M35. The results found were comparable with that of Traditional mix. G Khaja | P Sai | K Siva Sankar"Alternative Low Cost Building Materials on Beams" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-5 , August 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd2295.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/2295/alternative-low-cost-building-materials-on-beams/g-khaja
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Use of Over-Burnt Bricks as Coarse aggregate in ConcreteEditorIJAERD
In modern construction industry number of materials are used and one of the materials is Brick. Regular
bricks are generally used in buildings or in some other engineering applications. In manufacturing of these bricks, a lot
of waste is produced in the form of over- burnt-bricks. The bricks being near to the fire in the furnace receives a
temperature more heat and eventually shrink and loose its shape, its color becomes reddish. These bricks can’t be used
in construction, directly because of their distorted shape dark color. hose over-burnt brick could be a source of recycled
coarse aggregate. The primary goal of this paper is to assess the suitability of incorporating over-burnt bricks in
concrete, by the partial replacement of natural coarse aggregate (NCA) with overburnt brick aggregate (OBBA) in a
ratio of 20%, 50%, and 100%. Initially, mix proportion of 1:2:4 and w/c of 0.57 was selected. By replacing NCA with
OBBA while using mix proportion of 1:2:4 and w/c of 0.57, the resulting concrete was found non-mixable and nonworkable. Thus, mix was designed (for targeted strength of 4ksi) for all replacement percentages. Slump test was
conducted for each replacement and the results show that by increasing replacement percentage the workability of
concrete decreases. the slump values are in between the range of 3–1.5 inches. For compressive strength the cylindrical
specimens of 6" x 12" were tested at 3, 7, and 28 days. For 20% replacement, the loss in compressive strength is 42.16%
for 3 days and for 7 and 28 days the loss is 46.96% and 61.37% respectively. For 50 % replacement, the loss in strength
for 3, 7 and 28 days is 29.73%, 30.87% and 58.29% respectively. For 100% replacement, the loss in strength for 3, 7 and
28 days is 48.65%, 55.65% and 69.19%.
Natural resources are vanishing universal while at the similar time the generated wastes from the industry are
growing substantially. The sustainable development for construction requires the use of nonconventional and
innovative materials, and recycling of demolished and waste materials so to compensate the lack of natural
resources and to find alternative ways of conserving the environment. So, this paper presents the consequences
of an experimental study carried out to evaluate the power-driven properties of concrete mixtures in which fine
aggregate (sand) was swapped with Copper Slag (CS) while coarse aggregates were swapped by used and
recycled concrete coarse aggregate (RCA) from demolished structure or building. Both the coarse and fine
aggregate were replaced with percentages 0% (for the control mixture), 10%, 20%, 30%, of Copper Slag by
weight ratio. Tests were performed for properties of new concrete and toughened Concrete simultaneously.
Slump test was conducted to regulate the workability of the several design concrete mix. Compressive strength
and split tensile strength were determined at 7, 28 days of curing completely.
The results show that workability shrinkages slightly with rise in Copper Slag ratio, however workability for
the illustrations were within the prearranged boundary for M25 concrete. Test results shown substantial
enhancement in the strength assets of simple concrete by the insertion of CS alone whereas a reverse tendency
in observed for growing proportion of RCA in the illustration. The result of this study work displayed that
Copper slag in addition recycled concrete aggregate can be efficiently used in physical concrete as a standby of
coarse aggregate and fine aggregate (sand) respectively.
A Research on Study the Behaviour of Concrete using Waste Tires Chipsijtsrd
Concrete is one in all the principal wide utilized development materials in the world. Regular assets rises a developing worry for shielding the environmental factors and a need to save common assets, by different material which territory unit reused or waste materials during this examination, an investigation was applied on the work of reused elastic tires as a fractional substitution for coarse Aggregates in Concrete development utilizing provincially reachable waste tires. In the principal a piece of this proposal, the foundation of the investigation The examination was applied by leading tests on the Waste materials to see their properties and reasonableness for the analysis. Concrete Was prepared comprising of 3 Concrete evaluations M20 and M25 . The examples were made with extent substitutions of the coarse blend by ten, twenty five and fifty endeavor elastic blend. Besides, an orientation join with no substitution of the coarse blend was made to make a similar examination. The arrangements of tests led are droop, unit weight, compressive quality, lastingness, sway obstruction and flexural quality tests. the data collection was predominantly upheld the tests led on the prepared examples inside the research center. The check results were contrasted and the few run of the mill Concrete properties and show that theres a rebate in compressive quality of the Concrete as a result of the consideration of elastic Aggregates. yet this could constrain its utilization in some auxiliary applications, it has hardly any alluring attributes like lower thickness, higher effect opposition, expanded versatility, and a little increment in flexural quality inside the lower compressive quality Concrete classifications. the outcomes demonstrate that its capability to utilize reused elastic tires in Concrete development as a halfway swap for coarse Aggregates. no different, the extent of substitution should be confined to a minor amount and furthermore the application should be limited to express cases any place the improved properties due to the elastic Aggregates zone unit entrancing. Anuj Nehra | Er. Nitin Thakur "A Research on Study the Behaviour of Concrete using Waste Tires Chips" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33447.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/33447/a-research-on-study-the-behaviour-of-concrete-using-waste-tires-chips/anuj-nehra
Variation of Compressive strength and water absorption of concrete made by Tw...ijsrd.com
Nowadays construction materials are increasingly evaluated by their ecological characteristics. Concrete recycling gains importance because it protects natural resources and eliminates the need for disposal by using the readily available concrete as an aggregate source for new concrete or other applications. The concrete in this paper is produced by utilizing alternative and recycled waste materials such as fly ash and recycled concrete aggregates to reduce energy consumption, environmental impact, and usage of natural resources. The inferior quality of recycled aggregate (RA) has restricted its use to low-grade applications such as roadwork sub-base and pavements, while its adoption for higher-grade concrete is rare because of the lower compressive strength and higher variability in mechanical performance of RA. A new concrete mixing method, two-stage mixing approach (TSMA), was advocated to improve the quality of RA concrete (RAC) by splitting the mixing process into two parts. In the current paper we will discuss two parameters on which the concrete made by TSMA has been tested for strength characteristics viz. compressive strength and flexural strength. These parametric properties are compared with the conventional concrete with the variation of percentage of recycled coarse aggregates(RCA) and fly ash.
A Research on the Behaviour of Concrete by Partially Replacement of Cement wi...ijtsrd
We are well aware that the production of cement does a lot of harm to the environment. It includes tons of similar carbon emissions from other chemicals. Research has shown that every ton of cement output releases half a ton of carbon dioxide, so the need to regulate the use of cement is immediate. For example, Sugar Cane Bagasse Ash is hard to arrange on the hand materials squanders which is consequently ecological danger. The Bagasse debris gives concrete strong early cohesion, and also decreases cement porousness. During hydration, the silica present in the Bagasse debris reacts with concrete segments and gives extra properties such as chloride opposition, erosion obstruction and so on. Using Bagasse debris in concrete thus decreases the ecological pollution as well as improves the properties of cement and thus decreases the quality. This undertaking manages for the most part to substitute concrete with Bagasse debris in defined degree and to test the mixed cement on SCBA. The solid blend formed by fluctuating the Bagasse debris differential extent at 0 percent, 10 percent, 15 percent, 20 percent, 30 , 40 percent. The test result shows that the consistency of solid increases up to 10 per cent Sugar stick bagasse debris with concrete supplanting. Anisha | Dr. Sumesh Jain "A Research on the Behaviour of Concrete by Partially Replacement of Cement with Sugarcane Bagasse" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33354.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/33354/a-research-on-the-behaviour-of-concrete-by-partially-replacement-of-cement-with-sugarcane-bagasse/anisha
Properties of Brick Aggregate Concrete as Influenced by the Strength of Brickijtsrd
The principal aim of this study was to research the influence of the strength of brick on the properties of brick aggregate concrete. In doing that the water cement ratio by weight and curing period of concrete for all specimens was kept fixed. The sort of brick as a source of coarse aggregate was the sole variable during this study. Three varieties of brick were utilized during this study to vary the strength of aggregate. These are picked first class brick and second class brick. The mix ratio by volume were 1 1.25 2.5 and 1 1.5 3.0. The fineness modulus of combined sand 50 Sylhet 50 Local was 1.88. Tests were administered on cylinder and prism specimens. Emphasis was given to studying the fundamental properties of hardened concrete like compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, and tensile strength. Attempts were made to form a relation between the properties of concrete and also the strength of bricks. The test results have shown that the properties of concrete the compressive strength, f’c modulus of rupture, fr split tensile strength, fsp and modulus of elasticity, Ecinitially increases at the subsequent rate with the increase of the strength of brick, and then the rate decreases. Md. Mahfujur Rahman | Md. Shohrab Hossain Pavel | Md. Rashedul Islam | Yousuf Ali | Md. Shafiqul Islam | Md. Shariful Islam | Md. Abdul Gone | Shafiqur Rahman "Properties of Brick Aggregate Concrete as Influenced by the Strength of Brick" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd35759.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/35759/properties-of-brick-aggregate-concrete-as-influenced-by-the-strength-of-brick/md-mahfujur-rahman
compressive strength of concrete containing milled glass as partial substitut...IJAEMSJORNAL
This work reports the outcome of an experiment carried out by using milled glass (MG) of varying percentages (20%, 40% and 60% by weight)of cement in concrete making. MG was sourced for and milled to required fineness. The concrete was batched with mix ratio of 1։2։ 4. Concrete Cube specimens produced were allowed to cure for 7-28 days and compressive strength, slump and setting time tests were carried out and were compared with those of conventional concrete (0% MG). Results obtained showed that compressive strength of the concrete increased with increase in length of curing age, but decreased as the percentage of MG increased. However, the strength still remained in the allowable range of workability for concrete in line with British standard. MG replacement of 20% was found to be the most suitable mix considering the strength and safe use of the concrete. It was concluded that MG replacement of 20% showed no significant loss in strength compared to the control sample and is stable and could be acceptable in most concrete. At the long run. Waste glass that currently constitutes waste concern in built environment in Nigeria can best be managed through alternative use in concrete production.
Alternative Low Cost Building Materials on Beamsijtsrd
Today, transfer of waste material is an incredible issue and it gets to be hard to discover common assets because of their extreme abuse. Utilization of waste materials as development materials has various advantages, for example, diminishment in cost, saving in energy, and protection of environment. coconut shell is a waste material which can be a substitute for aggregate. Along these lines, the primary goal of this anticipate is to empower the utilization of coconut shell as a development material and to get ready lightweight concrete by utilizing coconut shell as coarse aggregate. In this anticipate, exploratory study has been done on characteristic strength of M35 concrete with substitution of 15% and 30% of coarse aggregate by coconut shell .Also an attempt has been made to examine the suitability of replacing the 20% of flyash with cement and simultaneously by replacing 15% and 30% of coconut shell as coarse aggregate for concrete of grade M35. The results found were comparable with that of Traditional mix. G Khaja | P Sai | K Siva Sankar"Alternative Low Cost Building Materials on Beams" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-5 , August 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd2295.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/2295/alternative-low-cost-building-materials-on-beams/g-khaja
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Use of Over-Burnt Bricks as Coarse aggregate in ConcreteEditorIJAERD
In modern construction industry number of materials are used and one of the materials is Brick. Regular
bricks are generally used in buildings or in some other engineering applications. In manufacturing of these bricks, a lot
of waste is produced in the form of over- burnt-bricks. The bricks being near to the fire in the furnace receives a
temperature more heat and eventually shrink and loose its shape, its color becomes reddish. These bricks can’t be used
in construction, directly because of their distorted shape dark color. hose over-burnt brick could be a source of recycled
coarse aggregate. The primary goal of this paper is to assess the suitability of incorporating over-burnt bricks in
concrete, by the partial replacement of natural coarse aggregate (NCA) with overburnt brick aggregate (OBBA) in a
ratio of 20%, 50%, and 100%. Initially, mix proportion of 1:2:4 and w/c of 0.57 was selected. By replacing NCA with
OBBA while using mix proportion of 1:2:4 and w/c of 0.57, the resulting concrete was found non-mixable and nonworkable. Thus, mix was designed (for targeted strength of 4ksi) for all replacement percentages. Slump test was
conducted for each replacement and the results show that by increasing replacement percentage the workability of
concrete decreases. the slump values are in between the range of 3–1.5 inches. For compressive strength the cylindrical
specimens of 6" x 12" were tested at 3, 7, and 28 days. For 20% replacement, the loss in compressive strength is 42.16%
for 3 days and for 7 and 28 days the loss is 46.96% and 61.37% respectively. For 50 % replacement, the loss in strength
for 3, 7 and 28 days is 29.73%, 30.87% and 58.29% respectively. For 100% replacement, the loss in strength for 3, 7 and
28 days is 48.65%, 55.65% and 69.19%.
Effect of Steel Slag as Partial Replacement of Cement on Property of Concreteijtsrd
A well maintained infrastructure is a fundamental necessity for a modern society that provides great value, but ensuring that it meets all the requirements is challenging. Concrete as a construction material is in use for several decades. Concrete can withstand the severest environments and engineers are constantly trying to improve its performance with the aid of modern admixtures and waste materials with or without cementious properties. The use of waste material in concrete helps to consume these waste materials and also improves the properties of concrete in fresh and hydrated states.Civil structures are designed considering the target compressive strength of the concrete. Although, few other parameters such as workability, water to cement ratio, setting time of cement and surface hardness influence the performance of concrete.In the present research a series of experiments had been performed to compare the use of Steel Slag as partial replacement of cement in different proportions. Concrete mixes are modified by 5 10 , 15 , 20 and 25 of Steel Slag as replacement of cement.The main conclusions drawn are inclusion of Steel Slag increases the compressive strength up to a certain proportion and then reduces the strength. Steel powder increases the strength but reduces the workability. Comparatively higher early strength gain 3 days, 14 days, 28 days is obtained with Steel Slag concrete. Pushpa | Mr. Ravi Prakash Sharma "Effect of Steel Slag as Partial Replacement of Cement on Property of Concrete" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-1 , December 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49129.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/49129/effect-of-steel-slag-as-partial-replacement-of-cement-on-property-of-concrete/pushpa
REPLACEMENT OF COARSE AGGREGATE WITH WASTE CERAMIC TILE AND COCONUT SHELL IN ...LokeshShirbhate2
REPLACEMENT OF COARSE AGGREGATE WITH WASTE CERAMIC TILE AND COCONUT SHELL IN CONCRETE.
This Presentation is Describe the behavior of concrete after the use of Ceramic tiles in concrete as a replacement of coarse Aggregate.
Investigation on Properties of Concrete as Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggr...ijtsrd
This investigation presents a comprehensive review on various aspects Polypropylene Fiber Reinforced Concrete concerning the behavior, applications and performance of Polypropylene Fiber Reinforced Concrete. Various issues related to the manufacture and strength of Polypropylene Fiber Reinforced is also discussed. There are many forms of industrial by products and waste materials. The use of such materials in concrete not solely makes it economical, but also helps in reducing disposal considerations. WFS are major byproduct of metal casting trade and with success used as a land filling material for several years. In a trial to use the WFS in construction materials, analysis has being applied for its potential utilization in creating concrete as partial replacement of fine combination. Anshu Kumar | Afzal Khan "Investigation on Properties of Concrete as Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregate and Sand using Polypropylene Fiber with Foundry Sand for Rigid Pavement" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-7 , December 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52592.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/52592/investigation-on-properties-of-concrete-as-partial-replacement-of-coarse-aggregate-and-sand-using-polypropylene-fiber-with-foundry-sand-for-rigid-pavement/anshu-kumar
Experimental Study on Composite Concrete RC Frame Structure using Sisal Fibreijtsrd
This project aims to compare the mechanical properties of Sisal fiber in the improvement of load carrying capacity of concrete structure in different layers. Beams and columns may be strengthened in flexure through the use of sisal fiber bonded to their tension zone using epoxy as a common adhesive. Due to several advantages of sisal fibre wrapping over conventional techniques used for structural repair and strengthening. In our project is study about load carrying capacity of an RCC frame wrapped with sisal fiber. An experimental study is to predict the maximum load carrying capacity, deflection of the composite RCC structure. Finally the results are compared with conventional framed structure, which is suitable for strength and rehabilitate the concrete structure. P. Vanmathi | A. Dharani "Experimental Study on Composite Concrete RC Frame Structure using Sisal Fibre" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31115.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/structural-engineering/31115/experimental-study-on-composite-concrete-rc-frame-structure-using-sisal-fibre/p-vanmathi
Foam concrete has become most trending material in construction industry. People from construction field were come
out with the mix design of foam concrete to meet the specifications and the requirement needs. This is because foam concrete
has the possibility as alternative of lightweight concrete for producing intermediate strength capabilities with excellent thermal
insulation, freeze-thaw resistance, high impact resistance and good shock absorption. Fibres are generally used in concrete to
reduce the crackings due to plastic and drying shrinkages. They also reduce the permeability of concrete and thus reduce
bleeding of water. The inclusion of fibre reinforcement in concrete can enhance many more engineering properties of the basic
materials, Such as fracture toughness, flexural toughness, flexural strength and resistance to fatigue, impact, thermal shock and
spalling. From the practical observations on addition of 2% of fibre gives the effective distribution of fibre in the concrete. The
strain value of the concrete is decreases with increase in fibre content.
Effect on High Grade Concrete Due to Partial Replacement of Rice Hush Ash and...ijtsrd
India is the second largest producer of cement in the world. It accounts for more than 8 of the global installed capacity. The pollutants commonly emitted by cement plants are dust or particulate matter, NOx, SOx, carbon oxides and methane, among others. Cement being the major contributor to air pollution, an approximate number of 4,90,000 annual deaths may be attributed to emissions from the cement industry. Cement is the need of growing infrastructure and real estate and researchers are trying for some alternative materials of cement which will not only partially replace the cement content but also improves its strength. In this research work the Rice Husk Ash RHA and steel fiber SF are used as partial replacement. The analysis has been carried out for percentage with proportions of 0 , 5 , 10 , 15 , 20 and 25 RHA by weight of cement in addition to that combined effect of adding various percentage of SF of 0.5 , 1 and 1.5 to obtain optimum result. The analytical study concluded that mix 10 RHA and 1.5 SF is the optimum combination among all mixes. Yashwantrao Vishal Sharad Sharmila | Ankita Ramchandra Bhoir | M. D Daniyal "Effect on High Grade Concrete Due to Partial Replacement of Rice Hush Ash and Steel Fiber" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-5 , August 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50564.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/50564/effect-on-high-grade-concrete-due-to-partial-replacement-of-rice-hush-ash-and-steel-fiber/yashwantrao-vishal-sharad-sharmila
Effect on Compressive Strength of Concrete by using Agricultural Waste with P...ijtsrd
Portland cement as ingredient in concrete is one of the fundamental development materials generally utilized particularly in creating nations. The expanding interest for concrete is relied upon to be met by fractional bond substitution. The look for elective fastener or concrete substitution materials prompted the disclosure of possibilities of utilizing modern side effects and farming squanders as cementitious materials. A portion of the waste items which have pozzolanic properties and which have been considered for use in mixed bonds incorporate wood fiery debris, fly powder, Silica smolder, Volcanic cinder, copper slag, quarry dust, Rice husk cinder . It is a waste material coming about because of the mechanical processing or preparing of timber into different shapes and sizes. The issues of profitability, economy, quality and condition, they need to rival other development materials. In this investigation three sorts of squanders materials wood ash, sugar cane bagase ash and rice husk ash and ordinary aggregate were utilized for preparing cube specimens. There are M25 grade of blended extent are use. Squander materials are use in concrete with the substitution bond of 4 , 8 , 12 and 16 . These beams, cylinder and cube are tries on 7, 14, and 28 days. The compressive quality, flexural quality, and tensile strength are determined with the help of UTM and CTM machine. Prabhjot Singh Devgun | Dr. P. K. Singhai | Prof. A. K Jha "Effect on Compressive Strength of Concrete by using Agricultural Waste with Partial Replacement of Cement" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33461.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/33461/effect-on-compressive-strength-of-concrete-by-using-agricultural-waste-with-partial-replacement-of-cement/prabhjot-singh-devgun
● Properties of Sawdust Concrete
● Effect Of Quartz Particle Size and Cement Replacement on Portland Limestone Cement properties
● Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Design for Commercial Complex Buildings: Theory and Method Based on Inverse Problem
● Thermal Analysis of Concrete Mixtures with Recycled EPS Aggregates
● Impact of Polymer Coating on the Flexural Strength and Deflection Characteristics of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Beams
Similar to Partial replacement of fine aggregrate and cement in paver blocks using waste materials. (20)
Understanding the Impact and Challenges of Corona Crisis on Education Sector...vivatechijri
n the second week of March 2020, governments of all states in a country suddenly declared
shutting down of all colleges and schools for a temporary period of time as an immediate measure to stop the
spread of pandemic that is of novel corona virus. As the days pass by almost close to a month with no certainty
when they will again reopen. Due to pandemic like this an alarm bells have started sounding in the field of
education where a huge impact can be seen on teaching and learning process as well as on the entire education
sector in turn. The pandemic disruption like this is actually gave time to educators of today to really think about
the sector. Through the present research article, the author is highlighting on the possible impact of
coronavirus on education sector with the future challenges for education sector with possible suggestions.
LEADERSHIP ONLY CAN LEAD THE ORGANIZATION TOWARDS IMPROVEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT vivatechijri
This paper is explaining that how only leadership is responsible for sustainable improvement and
growth and only it can lead the organization towards improvement and overall development. Leadership and its
effectiveness are discussed in this research work and also how leadership is a different way of the success of the
organization and different from the traditional management to create true work-culture and good-will of the
organization in the social scene. Leadership is only responsible in bringing positive and negative change in the
organization; if the leadership doesn’t have the concern in the organization, the organization will not be able to
lead in the right direction towards improvement and development.
The topic of assignment is a critical problem in mathematics and is further explored in the real
physical world. We try to implement a replacement method during this paper to solve assignment problems with
algorithm and solution steps. By using new method and computing by existing two methods, we analyse a
numerical example, also we compare the optimal solutions between this new method and two current methods. A
standardized technique, simple to use to solve assignment problems, may be the proposed method
Structural and Morphological Studies of Nano Composite Polymer Gel Electroly...vivatechijri
n today’s society, we stand before a change in energy scarcity. As our civilization grows, many
countries in thedeveloping world seek to have the standard of living that has been exclusive to a few nations, so
their arises a need in thedevelopment of technology that is compatible enough with the resources provided by
nature in order to have sustainabledevelopment to all class of the society. In order to overcomethe prevailing
challenges of huge energy crises in near future, there is an urgent need for the development of electrical
vehiclesor hybrid electrical vehicles with low CO2 emissions using renewable energy sources. In view of the
above, electrochemicalcapacitors can fulfil the requirements to some extent.Preparation of nano composite
polymer gel electrolyte is the best optional product to overcome these problems. When fillers are added or
dispersed to the polymer gel electrolyte, amorphous or porous nature of electrolyte increases which enhances
the liquid absorbing quality of polymer and helps in removing the drawbacks of polymer gel electrolytes such as
leakage, poor mechanical and thermal stability etc. In this work dispersion of SiO2 nano filler is done in the
[PVdF (HFP)-PC-Mg (ClO4)2] for the synthesis of nano composite PGE [PVdF (HFP)-PC-MgClO4- SiO2].
Optimization and characterization was carried out by using various techniques.
Theoretical study of two dimensional Nano sheet for gas sensing applicationvivatechijri
This study is focus on various two dimensional material for sensing various gases with theoretical
view for new research in gas sensing application. In this paper we review various two dimensional sheet such as
Graphene, Boron Nitride nanosheet, Mxene and their application in sensing various gases present in the
atmosphere.
METHODS FOR DETECTION OF COMMON ADULTERANTS IN FOODvivatechijri
Food is essential forliving. Food adulteration deceives consumers and can endanger their health. The
purpose of this document is to list common food adulterant methods commonly found in India. An adulterant is
a substance found in other substances such as food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, fuels, or other chemicals that
compromise the safety or effectiveness of that substance. The addition of adulterants is called adulteration. The
most common reason for adulteration is the use of undeclared materials by manufacturers that are cheaper than
the correct and declared ones. The adulterants can be harmful or reduce the effectiveness of the product, or
they can be harmless.
The novel ideas of being a entrepreneur is a key for everyone to get in the hustle, but developing a
idea from core requires a systematic plan, time management, time investment and most importantly client
attention. The Time required for developing may vary from idea to idea and strength of the team. Leadership to
build a team and manage the same throughout the peak of development is the main quality. Innovations and
Techniques to qualify the huddles is another aspect of Business Development and client Retention.
Innovation for supporting prosperity has for quite some time been a focus on numerous orders, including PC science, brain research, and human-PC connection. In any case, the meaning of prosperity isn't continuously clear and this has suggestions for how we plan for and evaluate advances that intend to cultivate it. Here, we talk about current meanings of prosperity and how it relates with and now and then is a result of self-amazing quality. We at that point center around how innovations can uphold prosperity through encounters of self-amazing quality, finishing with conceivable future bearings.
An Alternative to Hard Drives in the Coming Future:DNA-BASED DATA STORAGEvivatechijri
Demand for data storage is growing exponentially, but the capacity of existing storage media is not keeping up, there emerges a requirement for a storage medium with high capacity, high storage density, and possibility to face up to extreme environmental conditions. According to a research in 2018, every minute Google conducted 3.88 million searches, other people posted 49,000 photos on Instagram, sent 159,362,760 e-mails, tweeted 473,000 times and watched 4.33 million videos on YouTube. In 2020 it estimated a creation of 1.7 megabytes of knowledge per second per person globally, which translates to about 418 zettabytes during a single year. The magnetic or optical data-storage systems that currently hold this volume of 0s and 1s typically cannot last for quite a century. Running data centres takes vast amounts of energy. In short, we are close to have a substantial data-storage problem which will only become more severe over time. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are often potentially used for these purposes because it isn't much different from the traditional method utilized in a computer. DNA’s information density is notable, 215 petabytes or 215 million gigabytes of data can be stored in just one gram of DNA. First we can encode all data at a molecular level and then store it in a medium that will last for a while and not become out-dated just like floppy disks. Due to the improved techniques for reading and writing DNA, a rapid increase is observed in the amount of possible data storage in DNA.
The usage of chatbots has increased tremendously since past few years. A conversational interface is an interface that the user can interact with by means of a conversation. The conversation can occur by speech but also by text input. When a chatty interface uses text, it is also described as a chatbot or a conversational medium. During this study, the user experience factors of these so called chatbots were investigated. The prime objective is “to spot the state of the art in chatbot usability and applied human-computer interaction methodologies, to research the way to assess chatbots usability". Two sorts of chatbots are formulated, one with and one without personalisation factors. the planning of this research may be a two-by-two factorial design. The independent variables are the two chatbots (unpersonalised versus personalised) and thus the speci?c task or goal the user are ready to do with the chatbot within the ?nancial ?eld (a simple versus a posh task). The results are that there was no noteworthy interaction effect between personalisation and task on the user experience of chatbots. A signi?cant di?erence was found between the two tasks with regard to the user experience of chatbots, however this variation wasn't because of personalisation.
The Smart glasses Technology of wearable computing aims to identify the computing devices into today’s world.(SGT) are wearable Computer glasses that is used to add the information alongside or what the wearer sees. They are also able to change their optical properties at runtime.(SGT) is used to be one of the modern computing devices that amalgamate the humans and machines with the help of information and communication technology. Smart glasses is mainly made up of an optical head-mounted display or embedded wireless glasses with transparent heads- up display or augmented reality (AR) overlay in it. In recent years, it is been used in the medical and gaming applications, and also in the education sector. This report basically focuses on smart glasses, one of the categories of wearable computing which is very popular presently in the media and expected to be a big market in the next coming years. It Evaluate the differences from smart glasses to other smart devices. It introduces many possible different applications from the different companies for the different types of audience and gives an overview of the different smart glasses which are available presently and will be available after the next few years.
Future Applications of Smart Iot Devicesvivatechijri
With the Internet of Things (IoT) bit by bit creating as the resulting time of the headway of the Internet, it gets critical to see the diverse expected zones for the utilization of IoT and the research challenges that are connected with these applications going from splendid savvy urban areas, to medical care administrations, shrewd farming, collaborations and retail. IoT is needed to attack into for all expectations and purposes for all pieces of our day-to-day life. Despite the fact that the current IoT enabling advancements have immensely improved in the continuous years, there are so far different issues that require attention. Since the IoT ideas results from heterogeneous advancements, many examination difficulties will arise. In like manner, IoT is planning for new components of exploration to be finished. This paper presents the progressing headway of IoT advancements and inspects future applications.
Cross Platform Development Using Fluttervivatechijri
Today the development of cross-platform mobile application has under the state of compromise. The developers are not willing to choose an alternative of either building the similar app many times for many operating systems or to accept a lowest common denominator and optimal solution that will going to trade the native speed, accuracy for portability. The Flutter is an open-source SDK for creating high-performance, high fidelity mobile apps for the development of iOS and Android. Few significant features of flutter are - Just-in-time compilation (JIT), Ahead- of-time compilation (AOT compilation) into a native (system-dependent) machine code so that the resulting binary file can execute natively. The Flutter’s hot reload functionality helps us to understand quickly and easily experiment, build UIs, add features, and fix bugs. Hot reload works by injecting updated source code files into the running Dart Virtual Machine (VM). With the help of Flutter, we believe that we would be having a solution that gives us the best of both worlds: hardware accelerated graphics and UI, powered by native ARM code, targeting both popular mobile operating systems.
The Internet, today, has become an important part of our lives. The World Wide Web that was once a small and inaccessible data storage service is now large and valuable. Current activities partially or completely integrated into the physical world can be made to a higher standard. All activities related to our daily life are mapped and linked to another business in the digital world. The world has seen great strides in the Internet and in 3D stereoscopic displays. The time has come to unite the two to bring a new level of experience to the users. 3D Internet is a concept that is yet to be used and requires browsers to be equipped with in-depth visualization and artificial intelligence. When this material is included, the Internet concept of material may become a reality discussed in this paper. In this paper we have discussed the features, possible setting methods, applications, and advantages and disadvantages of using the Internet. With this paper we aim to provide a clear view of 3D Internet and the potential benefits associated with this obviously cost the amount of investment needed to be used.
Recommender System (RS) has emerged as a significant research interest that aims to assist users to seek out items online by providing suggestions that closely match their interests. Recommender system, an information filtering technology employed in many items is presented in internet sites as per the interest of users, and is implemented in applications like movies, music, venue, books, research articles, tourism and social media normally. Recommender systems research is usually supported comparisons of predictive accuracy: the higher the evaluation scores, the higher the recommender. One amongst the leading approaches was the utilization of advice systems to proactively recommend scholarly papers to individual researchers. In today's world, time has more value and therefore the researchers haven't any much time to spend on trying to find the proper articles in line with their research domain. Recommender Systems are designed to suggest users the things that best fit the user needs and preferences. Recommender systems typically produce an inventory of recommendations in one among two ways -through collaborative or content-based filtering. Additionally, both the general public and also the non-public used descriptive metadata are used. The scope of the advice is therefore limited to variety of documents which are either publicly available or which are granted copyright permits. Recommendation systems (RS) support users and developers of varied computer and software systems to beat information overload, perform information discovery tasks and approximate computation, among others.
The study LiFi (Light Fidelity) demonstrates about how can we use this technology as a medium of communication similar to Wifi . This is the latest technology proposed by Harold Haas in 2011. It explains about the process of transmitting data with the help of illumination of an Led bulb and about its speed intensity to transmit data. Basically in this paper, author will discuss about the technology and also explain that how we can replace from WiFi to LiFi . WiFi generally used for wireless coverage within the buildings while LiFi is capable for high intensity wireless data coverage in limited areas with no obstacles .This research paper represents introduction of the Lifi technology,performance,modulation and challenges. This research paper can be used as a reference and knowledge to develop some of LiFitechnology.
Social media platform and Our right to privacyvivatechijri
The advancement of Information Technology has hastened the ability to disseminate information across the globe. In particular, the recent trends in ‘Social Networking’ have led to a spark in personally sensitive information being published on the World Wide Web. While such socially active websites are creative tools for expressing one’s personality it also entails serious privacy concerns. Thus, Social Networking websites could be termed a double edged sword. It is important for the law to keep abreast of these developments in technology. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the limits of extending existing laws to battle privacy intrusions in the Internet especially in the context of social networking. It is suggested that privacy specific legislation is the most appropriate means of protecting online privacy. In doing so it is important to maintain a balance between the competing right of expression, the failure of which may hinder the reaping of benefits offered by Internet technology
THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCEvivatechijri
THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE was innovatively created by Google engineers and it is ready for production in record time. The success of Google is to attributed the efficient search algorithm, and also to the underlying commodity hardware. As Google run number of application then Google’s goal became to build a vast storage network out of inexpensive commodity hardware. So Google create its own file system, named as THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE that is GFS. THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE is one of the largest file system in operation. Generally THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE is a scalable distributed file system of large distributed data intensive apps. In the design phase of THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE, in which the given stress includes component failures , files are huge and files are mutated by appending data. The entire file system is organized hierarchically in directories and identified by pathnames. The architecture comprises of multiple chunk servers, multiple clients and a single master. Files are divided into chunks, and that is the key design parameter. THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE also uses leases and mutation order in their design to achieve atomicity and consistency. As of there fault tolerance, THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE is highly available, replicas of chunk servers and master exists.
Google File System was innovatively created by Google engineers and it is ready for production in record time. The success of Google is to attributed the efficient search algorithm, and also to the underlying commodity hardware. As Google run number of application then Google’s goal became to build a vast storage network out of inexpensive commodity hardware. So Google create its own file system, named as Google File System that is GFS. Google File system is one of the largest file system in operation. Generally Google File System is a scalable distributed file system of large distributed data intensive apps. In the design phase of Google file system, in which the given stress includes component failures , files are huge and files are mutated by appending data. The entire file system is organized hierarchically in directories and identified by pathnames. The architecture comprises of multiple chunk servers, multiple clients and a single master. Files are divided into chunks, and that is the key design parameter. Google File System also uses leases and mutation order in their design to achieve atomicity and consistency. As of there fault tolerance, Google file system is highly available, replicas of chunk servers and master exists.
A Study of Tokenization of Real Estate Using Blockchain Technologyvivatechijri
Real estate is by far one of the most trusted investments that people have preferred, being a lucrative investment it provides a steady source of income in the form of lease and rents. Although there are numerous advantages, one of the key downsides of real estate investments is lack of liquidity. Thus, even though global real estate investments amount to about twice the size of investments in stock markets, the number of investors in the real estate market is significantly lower. Block chain technology has real potential in addressing the issues of liquidity and transparency, opening the market to even retail investors. Owing to the functionality and flexibility of creating Security Tokens, which are backed by real-world assets, real estate can be made liquid with the help of Special Purpose Vehicles. Tokens of ERC 777 standard, which represent fractional ownership of the real estate can be purchased by an investor and these tokens can also be listed on secondary exchanges. The robustness of Smart Contracts can enable the efficient transfer of tokens and seamless distribution of earnings amongst the investors. This work describes Ethereum blockchainbased solutions to make the existing Real Estate investment system much more efficient.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Partial replacement of fine aggregrate and cement in paver blocks using waste materials.
1. VIVA-Tech International Journal for Research and Innovation Volume 1, Issue 4 (2021)
ISSN(Online): 2581-7280 Article No. X
PP XX-XX
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PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF FINE AGGREGRATE AND
CEMENT IN PAVER BLOCKS USING WASTE MATERIALS
Lailesh late1, Pranit Patil2 , Suraj Mate3, Ajay Shinde4
(Civil Engineering Department, University of Mumbai, India)
Abstract : A parametric experimental study for producing paving blocks using fine and coarse waste glass is
presented. Some of the physical and mechanical properties of paving blocks having various levels of fine glass
(FG) and coarse glass (CG) replacements with fine aggregate (FA) are investigated. The test results show that the
replacement of FG by FA at level of 20% by weight has a significant effect on the compressive strength, flexural
strength, splitting tensile strength and abrasion resistance of the paving blocks as compared with the control
sample because of pozolanic nature of FG. The compressive strength, flexural strength, splitting tensile strength
and abrasion resistance of the paving block samples in the FG replacement level of 20% are 69%, 90%, 47%
and15 % higher as compared with the control sample respectively. It is reported in the earlier works the
replacement of FG by FA at level of20% by weight suppress the alkali-silica reaction (ASR) in the concrete. The
test results show that the FG at level of 20% has potential to be used in the production of paving blocks. The
beneficial effect on these properties of CG replacement with FA is little as compared with FG.
Keywords - waste glass, fine glass, paving blocks, flexural strength, alkali-silica reaction.
I. introduction
Concrete block pavements (CBP) are formed from individual solid blocks that fit closely next to one
another to form a pavement surface. A typical CBP is placed on a thin bed of sand overlaying a sub base. CBP can
be placed with a variety of shapes and patterns. There are joint spaces between blocks. These spaces are filled with
sand having suitable grading. The blocks are restrained from two sides by edge restraints.CPBS are manufactured
from semi-dry mixes. During manufacturing process vibration and pressure is applied to the mix. By this process
dense and strong CPB can be achieved to form strong and durable paving surfaces. Moreover interlocking
behavior of CBP gives the ability of spreading loads to larger areas.CBP has several advantages over asphalt and
concrete pavements in their structural, aesthetics, construction and maintenance, operational and economical
characteristics.
Concrete paver blocks were first introduced in Holland in the fifties as replacement of paver bricks which
had become scarce due to the post-war building construction boom. These blocks were rectangular in shape and
had more or less the same size as the bricks. During the past five decades, the block shape has steadily evolved
from non-interlocking to partially interlocking to fully interlocking to multiply interlocking shapes. Consequently,
the pavements in which non-interlocking blocks are used are designated as `Concrete Block Pavement (CBP)' or
non-interlocking CBP, and those in which partially, fully or multiply interlocking blocks are used are designated
as `Interlocking Concrete Block Pavement (ICBP)'. CBP/ICBP consists of a surface layer of small-element, solid
un-reinforced pre-cast concrete paver blocks laid on a thin, compacted bedding material which is constructed over
a properly profiled base course and is bounded by edge restraints/ kerb stones, The block joints are filled using
suitable fine material.
II. literature survey
2. VIVA-Tech International Journal for Research and Innovation Volume 1, Issue 4 (2021)
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Literature reviewing on following papers of paver blocks were studied and referred. Given below are the papers
etc that have been reviewed for the comparative study between normal paver blocks and the paver blocks by partial
replacement of fly ash and glass powder.
II.1 1 P. Turgut, E. S. Yahlizade:-“study of paver blocks using waste glass 2013” A parametric experimental
study for producing paving blocks using fine and coarse waste glass is presented. Some of the physical
and mechanical properties of paving blocks having various levels of fine glass (FG) and coarse glass
(CG) replacements with fine aggregate (FA) are investigated. The test results show that the replacement
of FG by FA at level of 20% by weight has a significant effect on the compressive strength, flexural
strength, splitting tensile strength and abrasion resistance of the paving blocks as compared with the
control sample because of pozzolonic nature of FG. The compressive strength, flexural strength, splitting
tensile strength and abrasion resistance of the paving block samples in the FG replacement level of 20%
are 69%, 90%, 47% and 15 % higher as compared with the control sample respectively. It is reported in
the earlier works the replacement of FG by FA at level of 20% by weight suppress the alkali-silica
reaction (ASR) in the concrete. The test results show that the FG at level of 20% has a potential to be used
in the production of paving blocks. The beneficial effect on these properties of CG replacement with FA is
little as compared with FG.
II.2 Suresh Chandra Patanaikab , Dr. Akshaya Kumar Sabat:-“Utilization of fly ash in construction 2014”
Fly ash is a rich cementations industrial waste which has the great potential to substitute Portland
cement, a major producer of CO2 and there by decreasing green house gas emissions. The production
of fly ash in India is likely to be more than 175 million tons by the year 2012.Though due to lot of
efforts by State and Central Government the utilization of fly ash has gone beyond 50%, still a lot has
to be done for full utilization of this precious wealth from the waste. The eastern state of Orissa in India
has a large coal deposit thus facilitating thermal power plants and producing more and more fly ash day
by day. But the effective utilization is restricted only to manufacture of Fly-ash Bricks, producing fly
ash based Pozzolanic cement and use in pavements. The utilization in high volume mass concrete is
very negligible due to absence of any major infrastructure projects or even a single RMC (Ready
Mixed Concrete) plant in the state. In this context a study was made for utilization of fly ash generated
by captive power plant of NALCO (National Aluminum Company), Angul, Orissa along with varying
dosages of super plasticizer. The various Mix Design as per Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) methods
were made by replacement of cement from 10% to 40% by fly ash. The super plasticizer helped for
compensating the loss in early age strength by reducing the water cement ratio and increasing the
workability of the mix.
II.3 Asst.Prof.Vaishakhi A Talati:-“Utilization of waste materials in paver blocks” Owing to the present
scenario use of paver blocks is increasing day by day. On the other hand due to increase in
industrialization generation of material waste is also increasing rapidly. Disposal of such material waste
is a major problem as it may contain harmful chemicals which may affect Environment Therefore use
of material waste in manufacture of paver blocks proves to be a good alternative. This Project is carried
out for using the Material Waste in manufacturing of Paver Blocks. The use of paver blocks is
increasing day by day. Due to increase in industrialization the generation of material waste is also
increasing. Thus the one of best alternative can be using the waste in other works. The Aim of study is
use of material waste in manufacturing of paver blocks & making the Paver Blocks Economic without
compromising with Strength Parameters. It consists Replacing Fine Aggregate (sand) with Material
Waste like Silica Flumes, Foundry Dust, Abrasive Waste (Emery) and Fly Ash in different proportion.
II.4 Karasawa, Suda, Naito and Fujiwara:-“Fly ash as substitute for fine aggregate 2013” The amount of
coal combustion by-products in Japan has been increasing recently due to the increased number of coal
-fired power plants. The demand for more effective applications for recycling coal ash than the
conventional use as a substitute for clay in cement has become intense. This study investigated the
applicability of fly ash as a substitute for fine aggregate in concrete paving blocks, which is regarded as
inferior in quality to concrete of the Japanese Industrial Standard specifications, by testing the fresh
properties and strength characteristics. The results show that if fly ash accounts for 25% of the mixture
of fly ash and cement by weight, the plastic deformation during demolding and curing and the flexural
strength satisfy the target values of 1 mm and 6 MPa. The authors conclude that fly ash can be used as
a substitute for fine aggregate in the production of concrete blocks for pavement.
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III. materials and methodology
The objective of this research is to form the background knowledge about CBP to exterminate the
performance problems and to evaluate the abrasion and mechanical properties of Concrete Blocks (CBs) produced
by adding fly ash and glass powder in varying proportions. The aim of this project is to minimize the use of
ordinary Portland cement (OPC) by the replacement of fly ash (FA) and glass powder (GP) in varying proportions
and to reduce the effect of solid waste generated due to its daily increasing disposal problems. Fly ash generated by
coal combustion composing of fine particles that are driven out of boiler with fuel gases and the ash that fall in the
bottom of the boiler is called bottom ash. The disposal of million tone of fly ash is a very serious problem leading
to the environment pollution. Globalization has led to the development of various part of world and the land
available for civilization is less, which indirectly affect the eco-system and in addition to these, at the fly ash
disposal also take in account a large consideration of land use. a coal fire power plant produce 71.1 million ton of
fly ash, if nearly 42 million tons of unused fly ash has been recycled , it would reduce the need for approximately
27500 acre ft of land fill space and will often reduce the pollution. Along with fly ash, a small quantity of glass
powder (a another solid waste) approximately 15% into concrete is to be added as an aggregate which leads to
increasing of the compressive strength of concrete by 13%.Hence an attempt is made to reuse the solid waste
created, keeping in the mind significance of the nature along with civilization, globalisation of the world.
As now a day’s disposal of solid waste is becoming a major problem and therefore some percentage of the
waste in the form of fly ash and glass powder is used to reduce the pollution caused by these elements. As a civil
engineer thinking of the environment and its adverse effects due to modernisation and thinking of the future
generations we got the inspiration of using such solid waste in construction field. That’s why formation of
interlocking paving block along with fly ash and glass powder as an aggregate is an attempt made by us and
various tests such as compressive strength, abrasion resistance test, water absorption test etc. are conducted and
compared with ordinary paver blocks units in further chapters.
Hence it`s a sincere attempt made to study the effect of fly ash with glass powder in our project and to
make it as successful as it can be.
1. Effects of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC):
Portland cement is caustic, so it can cause chemical burns, the powder can cause irritation or with severe
exposure lung cancer, and can contain some hazardous components such as crystalline silica and hexavalent
chromium. Environmental concerns are the high energy consumption required to mine, manufacture, and transport
the cement and the related air pollution including the release of greenhouse gases (e.g., carbon dioxide), dioxin,
NOx, SO2, and particulate. Portland cement manufacture can cause environmental impacts at all stages of the
process.
2. Aggregate :
Aggregate is a granular material, such as sand, gravel, crushed stone, crushed hydraulic-cement concrete, or iron
blast-furnace slag, used with a hydraulic cementing medium to produce either concrete or mortar
3. Coarse Aggregate :
Those particles that are predominantly retained on the 4.75 mm (No. 4) sieve, are called coarse aggregate.
4. Fine Aggregate :
Those particles passing the 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) sieve, almost entirely passing the 4.75 mm (No. 4) sieve, and
predominantly retained on the 75 µm (No. 200) sieve are called fine aggregate.
5. Water :
Water is an important ingredient of concrete as it actively participates in the chemical reactions with
cement. The workability of any concrete mix mainly depends upon the quantity of wateradded. The principle
purpose of using water is to produce hydration of water which causes setting. Since it helps to form the strength
4. VIVA-Tech International Journal for Research and Innovation Volume 1, Issue 4 (2021)
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giving cement gel, the quantity and quality of water is required to be looked into very carefully. But in practices
very often great control or the properties of cement and aggregates is exercised, but the control on the quality of
water is often neglected. Since the quality of water affects the strength, it is necessary for us to check the quality of
water. The water should be free from acids, salts, alkalis, salts, oils and other injurious materials. The water used
for making concrete should have pH value between 6 to 8. Sea water should not be used for reinforced cement
concrete if unavoidable it should be used for plain cement concrete
6. Glass powder :
In this project we are going to replace the cement partially using glass powder which is rich in silica.
Therefore, we have planned to prepare some numbers of cubes, cylinders and prisms using conventional concrete
and going to test them for its strength and other properties then we are going to prepare concrete specimens using
glass powder at various proportions like 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%. The casted specimens are tested for its strength.
From the test results, we are going to compare the behavior of glass powder concrete with conventional concrete.
In this work we are going to use waste glasses, so the cost will be comparatively economical.
Concrete is the most widely used building material in construction industry. Its a homogeneous mixture
of cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and water. The strength of concrete is mainly depends upon the cement
content. Cement is a finely pulverized material which by itself is not a binder but develops the binding property as
a result of hydration. The binding nature of cement is due to the presence of silica. Glass is an amorphous (non-
crystalline) that in essence, a super-cooled liquid and not a solid.
Glass can be made with excellent homogeneity in a variety of forms and sizes from small fibers to meter-
sizes pieces. Primarily glass is made up of sand, soda ash, limestone and other additives (Iron, Chromium,
Alumina, ,Lead and Cobalt).Glass has been used as aggregates in road construction, building and masonry
materials.
6.1 Applications & properties of glass :
Glass is a uniform amorphous solid material, usually produced when the viscous molten material cools
very rapidly to below its glass transition temperature, without sufficient time for a regular crystal lattice to form.
The most familiar form of glass is the silica-based material used for windows, containers and decorative
objects.Glass is a biologically inactive material that can be formed with very smooth and impervious surfaces.
6.2 Advantages of using glass powder in concrete :
a. The reuse of very finely ground waste glass in concrete has economical and technical advantages.
If the glass could be ground to a very fine size, it could satisfy the active pozzolanic behavior.Glass waste is
recognized to be increasing year by year in a large volume from shops, construction areas and factories.
b. These waste storage disposals are becoming a serious environmental problem.
c. Thus usage of waste glass in construction sector is also advantageous as the construction cost gets lowered.
7. Fly Ash :
Fly ash, also known as "pulverized fuel ash" in the United Kingdom, is one of the residues
generated by coal combustion, and is composed of the fine particles that are driven out of the boiler with the flue
gases. Ash that falls in the bottom of the boiler is called bottom ash. Fly ash is generally captured by electrostatic
precipitators or other particle filtration equipment before the flue gases reach the chimneys of coal-fired power
plants, and together with bottom ash removed from the bottom of the boiler is known as coal ash. Depending upon
the source and makeup of the coal being burned, the components of fly ash vary considerably, but all fly ash
includes substantial amounts of silicon dioxide (SiO2) (both amorphous and crystalline),aluminium oxide
(Al2O3) and calcium oxide (CaO), the main mineral compounds in coal-bearing rock strata.Constituents depend
upon the specific coal bed makeup, but may include one or more of the following elements or substances found in
trace concentrations (up to hundreds ppm): arsenic, beryllium, boron, cadmium, chromium, hexavalent chromium,
cobalt, lead, manganese, mercury, molybdenum, selenium, strontium, thallium, and vanadium, along with very
small concentrations of dioxins and PAH compounds.
7.1 Classes of fly ash :
Two classes of fly ash are defined by ASTM C618: Class F fly ash and Class C fly ash. The chief
difference between these classes is the amount of calcium, silica, alumina, and iron content in the ash. The
chemical properties of the fly ash are largely influenced by the chemical content of the coal burned
7.2 Class F fly ash :
The burning of harder, older anthracite and bituminous coal typically produces Class F fly ash. This fly
ash is pozzolanic in nature, and contains less than 20% lime (CaO). Possessing pozzolanic properties, the glassy
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silica and alumina of Class F fly ash requires a cementing agent, such as Portland cement, quicklime, or hydrated
lime—mixed with water to react and produce cementations compounds. Alternatively, adding a chemical activator
such as sodium silicate (water glass) to a Class F ash can form a geopolymer.
7.3 Class C fly ash :
Fly ash produced from the burning of younger lignite or sub-bituminous coal, in addition to having
pozzolanic properties, also has some self-cementing properties. In the presence of water, Class C fly ash hardens
and gets stronger over time. Class C fly ash generally contains more than 20% lime (CaO). Unlike Class F, self-
cementing Class C fly ash does not require an activator. Alkali and sulfate (SO4) contents are generally higher in
Class C fly ashes.In our product we have used class F fly ash.
8. Mix Design :
Mix design is a step by step procedure to work out the various proportions of the ingredients of the
concrete and determining their relative proportion with object of producing concrete possessing certain desirable
properties like workability in fresh state, minimum desirable strength and durability in hardened strength . Using
the property of material the mix design has been adopted from to design for M40 grade of concrete.
The following basic data are required to be specified for design of a concrete mix proportioning of a
particular grade of concrete:
1. Grade designation.
2. Type of cement
3. Maximum nominal size of aggregate.
4. Minimum cement content.
5. Maximum water cement ratio.
6. Workability
7. Exposure condition.
8. Maximum temperature of concrete at the time of placing.
9. Method of transporting and placing.
10. Early age strength requirements if required.
11. Type of aggregate
12. Maximum cement content.
13. Whether an admixture shall or shall not be used and the type of admixture and the condition of use.
IV. TEST AND RESULTS
In the previous chapters we have discussed about the materials and methodology with practical approach that is to
be done in our project and various tests as per the procedure of Indian standards are performed. Hence in this
chapter we are mentioning about the results of the tests performed and discussed in the previous chapters.
The results of the tests are mentioned in the tables and graphs are plotted as per results below as follows:
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V. Conclusion
In the last chapter we discussed about the result part and now in this chapter we will be discussing about the
conclusion that we can bring about from the results of the tests performed.
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ISSN(Online): 2581-7280 Article No. X
PP XX-XX
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[4] www.deepdyve.com/.../acknowledgments-fyno1JT01aAcknowledgments 139 Tetsuo KAMEYAMA Jin-ichiNAITO Hiroo
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Their Performance” IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) ISSN: 2278-1684, PP: 54-56
[12] Ritesh Mall, ShardaShrama, Khalid Raza and SaurabhDubey Study the properties of paver block by using waste material like Fly
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