A PLC is an industrial computer that performs discrete or sequential logic functions in a factory environment to control machines and processes. It was originally developed to replace mechanical relays, timers, and counters. PLCs are used successfully to execute complicated control operations in various industries like mining, oil and gas, glass, paper, cement manufacturing, and car manufacturing. PLCs offer advantages like reliability, flexibility, cost effectiveness, high speed, ease of maintenance, and ability to communicate with other computer systems. Their disadvantages include being proprietary, limited design options, and fixed control operations.