Parents and NAPLAN - mid-project report Oct 2013
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Presented at the 2013 MUPSA Conference, 3 Oct 2013. An overview of the Parents and NAPLAN project so far. See notes for details.
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Parents and NAPLAN - mid-project report Oct 2013
- 1. Project presentation 2013 MUPSA Conference October 2013 Murdoch University Perth Western Australia Presented by Tomaz Lasic PhD Candidate School of Education Murdoch University Parents and NAPLAN
- 3. What is NAPLAN? National Assessment Programme – Literacy And Numeracy Reading, Writing, Language Conventions (spelling, grammar, punctuation), Numeracy Years 3, 5, 7, 9 Since 2008 Compulsory in ALL Australian schools School results shown on MySchool website Parents receive individual report for each child The publication of performance data of literacy and numeracy tests on MySchool website and the public accountability of schools for their NAPLAN results justify calling NAPLAN a high stakes test (Lingard, 2010; Lobascher, 2011).
- 4. "If the some (parents) vote with their feet that’s exactly what the system is designed to do” "Of course, we expect this information to provoke frank and robust discussions between parents, their child’s teacher and school principals.” Paucity of research. Personal. Why parents?
- 5. July 2012 ARC/Murdoch University “Effects of NAPLAN” Dr Greg Thompson Dr Lisa Cary About the study
- 6. … a type of design in qualitative research that may be an object of study, as well as the product of the inquiry. Case study research is a qualitative approach in which the investigator explores a real-life, contemporary bounded system (a case) or multiple bounded systems (cases) over time, through detailed, in-depth data collection involving multiple sources of information (eg. observations, interviews, audiovisual material, and documents and reports), and reports a case description and case themes. The unit of analysis in the case study might be multiple case studies or a single case.” (Cresswell, 2013, p. 97) Methodology – Case Study
- 7. Redtail Primary School Carnaby Primary School ICSEA 943 ICSEA 1138 Low SES High SES Aspirational Established Changing Reputable The two cases Parents of children attending …
- 8. 4 Year 3 parents Semi-structured interviews - initial Semi-structured interviews – follow up 10 other parents (Year 4 – 7) Semi-structured interviews - initial Semi-structured interviews – follow up 7 Parent & Community Assoc. members Focus Group (1) 8 School Board members Focus Group (1) 1 Principal Semi-structured interview Sampling & methods: Carnaby PS
- 9. 4 Year 3 parents Semi-structured interviews - initial Semi-structured interviews – follow up 7 other parents (Year 4 – 7) Semi-structured interviews - initial Semi-structured interviews – follow up 7 Parent & Community Assoc. members Focus Group (1) 3 School Board members Focus Group (1) 1 Principal Semi-structured interview Sampling & methods: Redtail PS
- 10. Document analysis • School newsletters • MySchool profile • School Annual Report • School Plan Research Journal Methods (continued)
- 11. A ‘post’ … Michel Foucault We are effects of power and knowledge, produced through discourses. We are not governed, we govern ourselves from within. Theoretical lens
- 12. Discourse - language; determines who, what, when, how Power creates knowledge creates power creates knowledge … not top-down, multidirectional Subjectivity – way we see, understand, value the world produced by discourses The way we speak, think about reality is our reality. This is used to reinforce or subvert power and knowledge. Theoretical lens: Key ideas
- 13. As subjects in advanced late-capitalist, liberal democracies we are governed not by oppression and top-down coercion but through our freedoms and choices that we make. Regulated ‘from inside’, knowing what free but ‘right’ choices we need to make. Theoretical lens: Key ideas
- 14. How does NAPLAN produce and shape parent subjectivities? • How do parents internalise these subjectivities? • How do parent enact these subjectivities? • What is the role of numerical data produced by NAPLAN in producing and enacting parental subjectivities? Key research questions
- 15. market free choice customers privatisation efficiency market-based Accountability value for money key performance indicators competitive audit return on investment enterprising de-regulation market-share Neoliberal moment – markets and enterprising selves
- 16. Intensely governed space 'from within' through freedoms and expertise provided to make 'the right', optimising choices or suffer guilt, anxiety of ‘not doing our best’ for our children. Family – ‘free’?
- 17. Performativity – what’s measured counts Complex realities reduced to simple, seemingly objective, neutral indicators by which individuals, organisations become known by and which they (are expected to) care about and perform to accordingly.
- 18. Checking on certain indicators in a complex field, created and privileged to act as a measure of trust we can place on an individual or organisation to get expected returns. Audit – checking on trust, investment
- 19. Putting it all together – How do parents parent in this situation?
- 20. Academic Complement ‘Effects of NAPLAN’ project Add to HS testing literature Inform policy discussions, evaluations Parents Interrogate ‘common sense’, show freer than we think Schools Insight into parent community Theoretical Improved understanding of subject formation based on statistical, numerical data. Implications, outcomes …
- 21. References: Cresswell, J. W. (2013). Qualitative inquiry and research design: choosing among five approaches (3 ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications. Image credits: Sharman, J. (2013) Jigsaw puzzle [Digital photograph]. Retriened from http://www.thefairtradestore.com.au/store/components/com_virtuemart/shop_image/product/Jigsaw_Puzzle_Di_4f4b5c792a 165.jpg Anon (2011) Self discipline [Digital photograph]. Retrieved from http://www.yoga24x7.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/self-discipline.jpg Pickles, E. (2013) NAPLAN practice [Digital photograph]. Retrieved from http://www.smh.com.au/national/education/parents- turn-naplan-into-bestseller-20130508-2j83n.html Dawson, D. (2010) Carnaby in flight [Digital photograph]. Retrieved from http://www.birdlife.org/community/2010/03/the- noose-tightens-carnabys-black-cockatoo Nicholson McCracken Bennet References and credits
Editor's Notes
- MUPSA Conference - Parents and NAPLANWhat is NAPLAN?Why parents?Study:Effects of NAPLAN project, timelineKey research questionsMethodology – Case studyMethodology – Two casesMethodology – SamplingMethodology – MethodTheoretical lens – Foucault’s power/knowledge, discourse, subjectivities Theoretical lens - GovernmentalityTheoretical lens – Rose – soul, familyTheoretical lens – Ball – performativityTheoretical lens – Power – auditPutting it together – governed through freedomImplications, outcomes
- The preferred strategy when ‘how’ or ‘why’ questions are being posed, when the investigator has little control over events, and when the focus is on a contemporaryphenomenon within some real-life context (Yin, 2003, p. 1)Not there to discover the one and only truthOut there to collect stories, interpret them and provide a narrative rich, trustworthy enough to make informed judgements about the cases Generalise at your own peril
- French philosopher and historian Michel Foucault theorized that "discourses" (meaning the ways in which we speak and think about our reality or some aspect of that reality) actually structure our reality and iin most instances are used to reinforce hierarchies of power, but can also be used to subvert these same hierarchies.
- French philosopher and historian Michel Foucault theorized that "discourses" (meaning the ways in which we speak and think about our reality or some aspect of that reality) actually structure our reality and iin most instances are used to reinforce hierarchies of power, but can also be used to subvert these same hierarchies.
- French philosopher and historian Michel Foucault theorized that "discourses" (meaning the ways in which we speak and think about our reality or some aspect of that reality) actually structure our reality and iin most instances are used to reinforce hierarchies of power, but can also be used to subvert these same hierarchies.We are not governed, we govern ourselves instead. Normalised
- Checking on certain indicators in a complex field,created and privileged to act as a measure of trust we can place on an individual or organisation to get expected returns.
- What parents do is discursively produced, subjectivities through which they see the world, their realities Parents choose to do certain things (buy NAPLAN packs, encourage kids, withdraw kids, talk to friends about NAPLAN …) discourses speak through them and at the same time they create those discourses they are a part ofGovernmentalityGovernment of populations, capturedPerformativityStart performing what the numbers say about usAuditManaging education risk (agency?)