This document discusses nutrition in head and neck cancer. It notes that malnutrition is common in 50% of patients with cancer at diagnosis. Causes of malnutrition include decreased nutrient intake due to issues like obstruction of the aerodigestive tract or side effects of treatment like mucositis or nausea. Nutritional goals aim to prevent deficiencies, maintain lean body mass, minimize side effects, and improve quality of life. Enteral or parenteral nutrition may be needed depending on a patient's ability to eat orally and gastrointestinal function. Case studies demonstrate individualized nutrition plans based on factors like weight, BMI, and treatment.
“FGD-PET/CT izmantošana galvas un kakla neoplāziju gadījumos”Linda Veidere
2015./2016.akad.gada 1.semestra LOR pulciņa 3.sēdes prezentācija “FGD-PET/CT izmantošana galvas un kakla neoplāziju gadījumos”. Darba autore Jūlija Gornika (RSU MF V kursa studente).
This document discusses head and neck cancer and radiation therapy. It provides background information on head and neck cancers, noting they make up 6-9% of cancers and are more common in males. Risk factors include smoking, alcohol, HPV, and EBV. It then discusses the components of radiation therapy planning and delivery in detail, including patient preparation, positioning, volume definition, portal arrangement, dose and fractionation, plan acceptance, adding chemotherapy, and managing complications. The importance of a multidisciplinary team approach is also emphasized.
This document discusses head and neck cancers, which account for over 550,000 cases worldwide annually. Males are affected significantly more than females. The most common sites are the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx. Squamous cell carcinoma makes up 90-95% of head and neck cancers. Major risk factors include smoking, alcohol consumption, HPV infection, and betel nut chewing. Evaluation involves physical examination, endoscopy, and imaging to determine the extent of the primary tumor and metastasis. Biopsy is required for diagnosis.
Head and neck cancer refers to cancers that develop in the throat, mouth, sinuses, and lymph nodes in the neck. The most common type is squamous cell carcinoma, which arises in the lining of the mouth, nose and throat. Staging involves determining if the cancer is localized, regional (spread to lymph nodes), or distant (metastasized). Treatment depends on the stage and location but may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and rehabilitation. Regular follow-up is important after treatment to monitor for recurrence or new cancers.
This document provides information on head and neck cancer including:
1. It describes the anatomy of the head and neck region including lymph nodes and locations of salivary glands.
2. It discusses imaging techniques like CT and PET scans which are used to detect and stage head and neck cancers.
3. It outlines the AJCC TNM staging system for various head and neck cancers and describes how the cancer can spread from different primary sites.
2015./2016.akad.gada 1.semestra LOR pulciņa 3.sēdes prezentācija “US loma kakla veidojumu diagnostikā”. Darba autors Marks ROnis (RSU MF VI kursa students).
2015./2016.akad.gada 1.semestra LOR pulciņa 7.sēdes prezentācija "Augšējā pusloka kanāla dehiscence". Darba autore Daiga Marnauza (RSU MF IV kursa studente).
This document discusses nutrition in head and neck cancer. It notes that malnutrition is common in 50% of patients with cancer at diagnosis. Causes of malnutrition include decreased nutrient intake due to issues like obstruction of the aerodigestive tract or side effects of treatment like mucositis or nausea. Nutritional goals aim to prevent deficiencies, maintain lean body mass, minimize side effects, and improve quality of life. Enteral or parenteral nutrition may be needed depending on a patient's ability to eat orally and gastrointestinal function. Case studies demonstrate individualized nutrition plans based on factors like weight, BMI, and treatment.
“FGD-PET/CT izmantošana galvas un kakla neoplāziju gadījumos”Linda Veidere
2015./2016.akad.gada 1.semestra LOR pulciņa 3.sēdes prezentācija “FGD-PET/CT izmantošana galvas un kakla neoplāziju gadījumos”. Darba autore Jūlija Gornika (RSU MF V kursa studente).
This document discusses head and neck cancer and radiation therapy. It provides background information on head and neck cancers, noting they make up 6-9% of cancers and are more common in males. Risk factors include smoking, alcohol, HPV, and EBV. It then discusses the components of radiation therapy planning and delivery in detail, including patient preparation, positioning, volume definition, portal arrangement, dose and fractionation, plan acceptance, adding chemotherapy, and managing complications. The importance of a multidisciplinary team approach is also emphasized.
This document discusses head and neck cancers, which account for over 550,000 cases worldwide annually. Males are affected significantly more than females. The most common sites are the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx. Squamous cell carcinoma makes up 90-95% of head and neck cancers. Major risk factors include smoking, alcohol consumption, HPV infection, and betel nut chewing. Evaluation involves physical examination, endoscopy, and imaging to determine the extent of the primary tumor and metastasis. Biopsy is required for diagnosis.
Head and neck cancer refers to cancers that develop in the throat, mouth, sinuses, and lymph nodes in the neck. The most common type is squamous cell carcinoma, which arises in the lining of the mouth, nose and throat. Staging involves determining if the cancer is localized, regional (spread to lymph nodes), or distant (metastasized). Treatment depends on the stage and location but may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and rehabilitation. Regular follow-up is important after treatment to monitor for recurrence or new cancers.
This document provides information on head and neck cancer including:
1. It describes the anatomy of the head and neck region including lymph nodes and locations of salivary glands.
2. It discusses imaging techniques like CT and PET scans which are used to detect and stage head and neck cancers.
3. It outlines the AJCC TNM staging system for various head and neck cancers and describes how the cancer can spread from different primary sites.
2015./2016.akad.gada 1.semestra LOR pulciņa 3.sēdes prezentācija “US loma kakla veidojumu diagnostikā”. Darba autors Marks ROnis (RSU MF VI kursa students).
2015./2016.akad.gada 1.semestra LOR pulciņa 7.sēdes prezentācija "Augšējā pusloka kanāla dehiscence". Darba autore Daiga Marnauza (RSU MF IV kursa studente).
Paraganglioma - klīnika un ķirurģiskā terapijaAlise Adoviča
2016./2017.m.g. ORL un radioloģijas SZP apvienotās sēdes prezentācija "Paraganglioma: klīnika, ķirurģiskā terapija". Autore: Anda Rēdere (RSU MF V kursa studente)
2016./2017.m.g. ORL un radioloģijas SZP apvienotās sēdes prezentācija "Kakla daļas radioloģiskā anatomija no ORL aspekta". Autore: Jūlija Ivanova (RSU MF IV kursa studente)
2. 2
Neiroendokrīns audzējs,
kas veidojas no galvas un
kakla paragangliju nervu
kores šūnām, kas atrodas
ap parasimpātisko nervu
sistēmas elementiem.
Definīcija
5. 5
0.5% no visiem galvas un kakla audzējiem.
3% paragangliomu atrodas galvā un/vai kaklā.
Skar cilvēkus videjā vecumā.
Biežāk sievietes.
Epidemioloģija
6. 6
Atkarīga no lokalizācijas, var atrasties jebkurā
ķermeņa daļā:
Metastāzes limfmezglos'
Limfoma;
Siekalu dziedzeru audzējs;
Vairogdziedzera karcinoma;
Infekcijas;
Benignas neoplāzijas -> lipoma, fibroma, hemangioma.
Diferenciāldiagnoze
7. 7
CT
Labāka izšķirtspēja
Mazāk kustību artefakti
Labāka deniņu kaula
izvērtēšana (glomus
tympanicum un jugulare)
MRI
Labāka mīksto audu
izvērtēšanai
Skaidrāk redzamas
robežas
Nav starojuma
Izmeklēšanas metodes
8. 8
Asimptomātiska, palpatora, vertikāli fiksēta masa
kakla priekšējā trijstūrī.
Lēni augošs, 0.83mm/gadā.
10% gadījumos attīstās kraniālo nervu paralīze (IX, n.
laryngeus sup., XII) :
• Balss aizsmakums;
• Disfāgija;
• Hornera sindroms;
• Mēles paralīze.
Karotīdais ķermenis
9. 9
1. Unilaterāla vai bilaterāla labi norobežota solīda
masa.
2. Hipoehogēna vai vāji ehogēna. Smalki anehogēni
tubulāri kanāliņi (asinsvadi), kas atrodas audzēja
masā.
3. Atrodas starp miega artērijas bifurkācijas zonu
atbīdot to.
4. Doppler raksturīgi augsta vaskularitāte līdz pat 75%.
Ultrasonogrāfija
11. 11
1. Labi norobežota mīksto audu masa miega artērijas
bifurkācijas zonā.
2. Palielināts attālums starp artērījām bifurkācijas zonā.
3. Homogēna vai kontrastvielu krājoša masa
hipervaskularizācijas dēļ.
CT
13. 13
1. T1- izointenss, T2- hiperintenss salīdzinājumā ar
skeleta muskulatūru.
2. Punktveidīagas/lineāras signāla plūsmas iztrūkuma
zonas, kas veido ‘‘salt and pepper’’.
3. Sāls- augsta signāla reģioni, kas ataino
asinsizplūdumus vai lēnu plūsmu.
4. Pipari- signālu iztrūkstoši lauki ataino audzēja
assinsvadus.
MRI
16. 16
I klase- minimāli piestiprināts pie asinsvadiem un
viegli noņemams.
II klase- daļēji apņem asinsvadus, piestiprinās pie
adventīcijas.
III klase- pilnībā apņem asinsvadu bifurkācijas zonu.
Ķirurģiskā klasifikācija- Shamblin
21. 21
Lokalizējas videjā auss ejā.
Vizualizē apskatot ārējo auss eju. Sārts veidojums aiz
bugnplēvītes.
Veidojas gar Jakobsona nervu (IX KN zars).
Visbiežāk sastopamais audzējs vidējā ausī.
Simptomi:
• 80% pulsējošs tinnitus;
• 60% unilaterāls dzirdes zudums;
• Sejas muskulatūras paralīze.
Glomus tympanicum
22. 22
1. Mazas mīksto audu nodulas, kas piestiprinās
bungdobuma sieniņā.
2. Lielāki veidojumi aizņem pat visu dobumu.
3. Nav raksturīga kaulu destrukcija.
4. Var paplašināties līdz pat mastoīdā un Eistahija
kanālam.
CT
34. 34
1. Līdzīgi kā karotīdā ķermeņa audzēja gadījumā:
Olveida parafaringeāls veidojums, kas labi
kontrastējas pēc IV kontrasta ievadīšanas;
Salt and pepper.
2. Nobīda anteromediāli gan ACI, gan ACE.
CT un MRI
38. 38
Augsti vaskulārs, mazina asiņošanu operācijas laikā.
Mazina operācijas ilgumu.
Mazina recidīvus.
Paragangliomu embolizācija
39. 39
1. Caur a. Femoralis tiek ievadīts vadošāis katetrs līdz
ieksējās miegartērijas proksimālai zonai.
2. Kad audzējs tiek lokalizēts, perkutāni ievada
embolizējošu šķīdumu (Onyx, līme, TAGM).
3. Ievadīšanas brīdī vadošajā katetrā tiek paplašināts
mikrobalons, kas pasargā ICA no embolizācijas.
4. Embolizācija tiek pātraukta, kad audzējs ir pilnībā
obliterēts.
Metode
Embolization technique after percutaneous tumor puncture. A parenchymogram was obtained (A ), and injection of Onyx was started by using a roadmap technique (B ) with inflation of the microballoon (C ) to protect the lumen of the ICA.