The document discusses the process of paper manufacturing, including preparing pulp from raw materials, forming a wet sheet using a Fourdrinier machine, and drying the sheet through a series of rolls and cylinders to produce a finished paper product containing 5-6% water that can be wound, cut, coated and packaged. Fillers, sizing, and coloring agents may be added to the pulp slurry before forming the sheet to modify the properties of the finished paper. Water is removed at various stages of the process and recycled.

1. PAPER MANUFACTURING
Prepared by- Mr. Vishal B. Thakare
(M.Tech, Chemical SVNIT Surat)
Assistant Professor PARUL UNIVERSITY
Vadodara
vishalbt88@gmail.com

2. PAPER MAKING
 Paper is defined as matted or felted sheets of fibers usually
cellulosic and generally formed on a fine wire screen from a water
suspension.
 Paper making process is generally done on Fourdrinier machine.
Raw Material
Pulp bleached or unbleached
Paper products such as newspapers, paperboard

4.  Pulps are water slurried to 1/2-3/4 % fiber content by mechanical
disintegrators of various design.
These usually consist of rotating drums with knife attachments or
rotating stationary disks to produce pulp free and uniform. Such
operation are called beating.
Fillers are added to the slurry to increase brightness, bulk, flexibility,
opacity, softness, and weight of finished paper.
Sizing is an important ingredient often added to the slurry to reduce
water or other liquid penetration into certain paper products.
Coloring agents are also mixed into the slurry before processing.
These are generally synthetic organic dyestuffs, but some coloring is
done by water-insoluble pigments.

5. A wet sheet is formed by running 991/2 % water-fiber slurry evenly
onto a moving endless belt of wire cloth at speeds of 50 meter/minute
for fine paper to 500 meter/minute for newsprint.
Water drains by gravity, a part is next removed by a pressure roll and
then by a suction roll.
The water collected in this section of the machine is known as white
water and is reused to conserve water and additives, and to prevent
stream pollution.
The wet paper sheet containing about 80% water is fed via felt roll to
the press section where water is removed by mild pressure to reduce
content to 60-65 % water.

6. The sheet from the press section has sufficient strength to carry its
own weight. It is passed through smoothing rolls, then a series of
steam-heated metal cylinders where heat and moisture are transferred
to a felting or canvas belt running on top of the paper.
As the sheet leaves the last drying roll with 5-6% H2O, it is passed
through a final series of pressure or calendaring rolls to the finishing
department where it may produce a smooth, well-finished paper.
It is wound on large rolls and transferred to the finishing department
where it may be cut, coated, and packaged.