This document summarizes a research paper that proposes using a battery energy storage system (BESS) at the point of common coupling for a wind farm to provide continuous power output. It presents a methodology to determine the optimal BESS capacity needed to balance the intermittent power from the wind farm and maintain a constant output. The paper models the wind power profile, develops control algorithms for the converters, sizes the BESS based on the maximum power and energy needed over time, and simulates the system in MATLAB/Simulink. The results demonstrate that the BESS is able to smooth fluctuations and provide continuous power without disturbing the grid.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Nonlinear control for an optimized grid connection system of renewable energy...journalBEEI
This paper proposes an integral backstepping based nonlinear control strategy for a grid connected wind-photovoltaic hybrid system. The proposed control strategy aims at extracting the maximum power available while respecting the grid connection standards. The proposed system has a reduced number of power electronic converters, thereby ensuring lower costs and reduced energy losses, which improves the profitability and efficiency of the hybrid system. The effectiveness of the proposed topology and control methodology is validated using the MATLAB/Simulink software environment. The satisfactory results achieved under various atmospheric conditions and in different operating modes of the hybrid system, confirm the high efficiency of the proposed control strategy.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability
Wind Energy Conversion Based On Matrix ConverterIAES-IJPEDS
In recent years renewable sources such as solar, wave and wind are used for the generation of electricity. Wind is one of the major renewable sources. The amount of energy from a Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) depends not only on the wind at the site, but also on the control strategy used for the WECS. In assistance to get the appropriate wind energy from the conversion system, wind turbine generator will be run in variable speed mode. The variable speed capability is achieved through the use of an advanced power electronic converter. Fixed speed wind turbines and induction generators are often used in wind farms. But the limitations of such generators are low efficiency and poor power quality which necessitates the variable speed wind turbine generators such as Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) and Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG). A high-performance configuration can be obtained by using a PMSG and a converter in combination AC-DC-AC connect between stator & rotor points for providing the required variable speed operation.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Nonlinear control for an optimized grid connection system of renewable energy...journalBEEI
This paper proposes an integral backstepping based nonlinear control strategy for a grid connected wind-photovoltaic hybrid system. The proposed control strategy aims at extracting the maximum power available while respecting the grid connection standards. The proposed system has a reduced number of power electronic converters, thereby ensuring lower costs and reduced energy losses, which improves the profitability and efficiency of the hybrid system. The effectiveness of the proposed topology and control methodology is validated using the MATLAB/Simulink software environment. The satisfactory results achieved under various atmospheric conditions and in different operating modes of the hybrid system, confirm the high efficiency of the proposed control strategy.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability
Wind Energy Conversion Based On Matrix ConverterIAES-IJPEDS
In recent years renewable sources such as solar, wave and wind are used for the generation of electricity. Wind is one of the major renewable sources. The amount of energy from a Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) depends not only on the wind at the site, but also on the control strategy used for the WECS. In assistance to get the appropriate wind energy from the conversion system, wind turbine generator will be run in variable speed mode. The variable speed capability is achieved through the use of an advanced power electronic converter. Fixed speed wind turbines and induction generators are often used in wind farms. But the limitations of such generators are low efficiency and poor power quality which necessitates the variable speed wind turbine generators such as Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) and Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG). A high-performance configuration can be obtained by using a PMSG and a converter in combination AC-DC-AC connect between stator & rotor points for providing the required variable speed operation.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
This paper presents the modeling and simulation of wind energy Conversion System using the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG). The objectives are: to extract the maximum power of the wind speed by controlling the electromagnetic torque of the PMSG, to maintain constant the DC-link voltage despite the wind speed variations and to attain the unity power factor. In order to ensure a regulation with high performance and a good robustness against the internal and the external disturbances, a new control strategy called the Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC) is used. Therefore, the Analysis and simulation of the ADRC and PI controllers are developed with MATLAB/Simulink software. The performance of these controllers is compared in term of references tracking, robustness and grid faults.
A Technique for Shunt Active Filter meld micro grid SystemIJERA Editor
The proposed system presents a control technique for a micro grid connected hybrid generation system ith case study interfaced with a three phase shunt active filter to suppress the current harmonics and reactive power present in the load using PQ Theory with ANN controller. This Hybrid Micro Grid is developed using freely renewable energy resources like Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) and Wind Energy (WE). To extract the maximum available power from PV panels and wind turbines, Maximum power point Tracker (MPPT) has been included. This MPPT uses the “Standard Perturbs and Observe” technique. By using PQ Theory with ANN Controller, the Reference currents are generated which are to be injected by Shunt active power filter (SAPF)to compensate the current harmonics in the non linear load. Simulation studies shows that the proposed control technique performs non-linear load current harmonic compensation maintaining the load current in phase with the source voltage.
Study of Wind Turbine based Variable Reluctance Generator using Hybrid FEMM-M...Yayah Zakaria
Based on exhaustive review of the state of the art of the electric generators fitted to Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS), this study is focused on an innovative machine that is a Variable Reluctance Generator (VRG). Indeed, its simple and rugged structure (low cost), its high torque at low speed (gearless), its fault-tolerance (lowest maintenance), allow it to be a potential candidate for a small wind power application at variable wind
speed. For better accuracy, a finite element model of a studied doubly salient VRG is developed using open source software FEMM to identify the electromagnetic characteristics such as linkage flux, torque or inductance versus rotor position and stator excitation. The obtained data are then transferred into look-up tables of MATLAB/Simulink to perform various simulations. Performance of the proposed wind power system is analyzed for several parameters and results are discussed.
Load / Frequency balancing Control systems studyCAL
In this project, the load and frequency control problem on the power generator at 'Britannia sugar factory' is investigated under different governor action. The existing system employs a Mechanical-hydraulic governor. It is desired to improve the system's response to load disturbances on the interconnected power grid.
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
a leading international journal for publication of new ideas, the state of the art research results and fundamental advances in all aspects of Engineering and Science. IRJES is a open access, peer reviewed international journal with a primary objective to provide the academic community and industry for the submission of half of original research and applications.
Simulation of 3 Phase to 3 Phase Power Conversion Using Matrix Converter with...IJERA Editor
This paper proposes a new approach of design and implementation of 3 phase to 3 phase conversion using
matrix converter. It includes the design, modeling and implementation. The entire matrix converter circuits are
developed by mathematical model so as to reduce computational time and performances of the converter are
evaluated using MATLAB/SIMULINK for RL Load. The mathematical expressions relating the input and
output of the three phase matrix converter are implemented by using simulink block set. The duty cycles of the
matrix converter bidirectional switches are calculated using modified venturini algorithm for maximum (0.866)
and minimum (0.5) voltage transfer ratio.
OPERATION & CONTROL OF SMART GRID CONNECTED PV- FC HYBRID POWER SYSTEMD.IJERA Editor
This paper presents a method to operate and control a grid connected hybrid power system. The hybrid system composed of a Photovoltaic (PV) array and a Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is considered. The PV array normally uses a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique to continuously deliver the highest power to the load when variations in irradiation and temperature occur, which make it become an uncontrollable source. In coordination with PEMFC, the hybrid system output power becomes controllable. Two operation modes, the unit-power control (UPC) mode and the feeder-flow control (FFC) mode, can be applied to the hybrid system. The coordination of two control modes, the coordination of the PV array and the PEMFC in the hybrid system, and the determination of reference parameters are presented. The proposed operating strategy with a flexible operation mode change always operates the PV array at maximum output power and the PEMFC in its high efficiency performance band, thus improving the performance of system operation, enhancing system stability, and decreasing the number of operating mode changes
In this paper, we focus on the modeling and control of a wind power system based on a double-fed induction generator DFIG. We proposed a technique of active and reactive power control to improve the performance and dynamics of variable speed wind system. The objective of the modeling is to apply the direct and indirect vector control stator flux orientation to control independently, the active and reactive power generated doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG). The simulation results are tested and compared in order to evaluate the performance of the proposed system.
Integral Backstepping Control for Maximum Power Point Tracking and Unity Powe...IJECEIAES
This paper presents a robust control strategy for a grid connected photovoltaic system with a boost converter by using an integral Backstepping method based on a nonlinear state model, which guarantees the Lyapunov stability of the global system. The system has tracked precisely the maximum power point, with a very fast response and the unit power factor has been observed under different atmospheric conditions. Moreover, the best advantage of the controller is that it’s a good corrector of the grid perturbation and system parameter disturbance. The simulation result has demonstrated the performance of this strategy.
Performance analysis and simulation of solar pv wind hybrid energy system wit...THRIKOON G
Wind power is one of the most important kinds of renewable energies. Wind farm as a device which receives this energy needs some special conditions to work properly. The most common type of wind turbine is the variable-speed directly connected to the grid. Faults in the power system can originate the disconnection of wind farms. Dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) is a custom power device used for eliminating voltage sages and swells which is the result of the faults. This paper presents a simulation model of a 12-pulse DVR using photovoltaic (PV) as a mean of providing an alternative energy source for the DVR. Simulations were carried out using the Matlab Simulink. The simulation results proved the capability of PV-based DVR in eliminating voltage sag and swell distributed system. Improving the operation of wind farm as an energy generator and stabilizing its voltage is the main result of this work.
A Discrete PLL Based Load Frequency Control of FLC-Based PV-Wind Hybrid Power...IAES-IJPEDS
The sun and wind-based generation are considered to besource of green
power generation which can mitigate the power demand issues. As solar and
wind power advancements are entrenched and the infiltration of these
Renewable Energy Sources (RES) into to network is expanding dynamically.
So, as to outline a legitimate control and to harness power from RES the
learning of natural conditions for a specific area is fundamental. Fuzzy Logic
Controller (FLC) based Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) controlled
boost converter are utilized for viable operation and to keep DC voltage
steady at desired level. The control scheme of the inverter is intended to keep
the load voltage and frequency of the AC supply at aconstant level regardless
of progress in natural conditions and burden. A Simulink model of the
proposed Hybrid system with the MPPT controlled Boost converters
and Voltage regulated Inverter for stand-alone application is developed in
MATLAB R2015a, Version 8.5.0. The ongoing information of Wind Speed
and Solar Irradiation levels are recorded at BITS-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus
the performance of the voltage regulated inverter under constant and varying
linearAC load is analyzed. The investigation shows that the magnitude of
load voltage and frequency of the load voltage is maintained at desired level
by the proposed inverter control logic.
The paper proposes a complete modeling and control technique of variable speed wind turbine system (WTS) based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG). Two levels back-to-back converter is used to ensure the energy transfer between the DFIG rotor and the grid. The wind turbine to operate efficiently, a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm is implemented. Then, direct power control (DPC) strategy has been combined with the MPPT technique in order to guarantee the selection of the appropriate rotor voltage vectors and to minimize the active and reactive power errors. Finally, the simulation is performed by using MATLAB/simulink platform basing on 7.5KW DFIG wind generation system, and the results prove the effectiveness of our proposed control technique.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
This paper presents the modeling and simulation of wind energy Conversion System using the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG). The objectives are: to extract the maximum power of the wind speed by controlling the electromagnetic torque of the PMSG, to maintain constant the DC-link voltage despite the wind speed variations and to attain the unity power factor. In order to ensure a regulation with high performance and a good robustness against the internal and the external disturbances, a new control strategy called the Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC) is used. Therefore, the Analysis and simulation of the ADRC and PI controllers are developed with MATLAB/Simulink software. The performance of these controllers is compared in term of references tracking, robustness and grid faults.
A Technique for Shunt Active Filter meld micro grid SystemIJERA Editor
The proposed system presents a control technique for a micro grid connected hybrid generation system ith case study interfaced with a three phase shunt active filter to suppress the current harmonics and reactive power present in the load using PQ Theory with ANN controller. This Hybrid Micro Grid is developed using freely renewable energy resources like Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) and Wind Energy (WE). To extract the maximum available power from PV panels and wind turbines, Maximum power point Tracker (MPPT) has been included. This MPPT uses the “Standard Perturbs and Observe” technique. By using PQ Theory with ANN Controller, the Reference currents are generated which are to be injected by Shunt active power filter (SAPF)to compensate the current harmonics in the non linear load. Simulation studies shows that the proposed control technique performs non-linear load current harmonic compensation maintaining the load current in phase with the source voltage.
Study of Wind Turbine based Variable Reluctance Generator using Hybrid FEMM-M...Yayah Zakaria
Based on exhaustive review of the state of the art of the electric generators fitted to Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS), this study is focused on an innovative machine that is a Variable Reluctance Generator (VRG). Indeed, its simple and rugged structure (low cost), its high torque at low speed (gearless), its fault-tolerance (lowest maintenance), allow it to be a potential candidate for a small wind power application at variable wind
speed. For better accuracy, a finite element model of a studied doubly salient VRG is developed using open source software FEMM to identify the electromagnetic characteristics such as linkage flux, torque or inductance versus rotor position and stator excitation. The obtained data are then transferred into look-up tables of MATLAB/Simulink to perform various simulations. Performance of the proposed wind power system is analyzed for several parameters and results are discussed.
Load / Frequency balancing Control systems studyCAL
In this project, the load and frequency control problem on the power generator at 'Britannia sugar factory' is investigated under different governor action. The existing system employs a Mechanical-hydraulic governor. It is desired to improve the system's response to load disturbances on the interconnected power grid.
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
a leading international journal for publication of new ideas, the state of the art research results and fundamental advances in all aspects of Engineering and Science. IRJES is a open access, peer reviewed international journal with a primary objective to provide the academic community and industry for the submission of half of original research and applications.
Simulation of 3 Phase to 3 Phase Power Conversion Using Matrix Converter with...IJERA Editor
This paper proposes a new approach of design and implementation of 3 phase to 3 phase conversion using
matrix converter. It includes the design, modeling and implementation. The entire matrix converter circuits are
developed by mathematical model so as to reduce computational time and performances of the converter are
evaluated using MATLAB/SIMULINK for RL Load. The mathematical expressions relating the input and
output of the three phase matrix converter are implemented by using simulink block set. The duty cycles of the
matrix converter bidirectional switches are calculated using modified venturini algorithm for maximum (0.866)
and minimum (0.5) voltage transfer ratio.
OPERATION & CONTROL OF SMART GRID CONNECTED PV- FC HYBRID POWER SYSTEMD.IJERA Editor
This paper presents a method to operate and control a grid connected hybrid power system. The hybrid system composed of a Photovoltaic (PV) array and a Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is considered. The PV array normally uses a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique to continuously deliver the highest power to the load when variations in irradiation and temperature occur, which make it become an uncontrollable source. In coordination with PEMFC, the hybrid system output power becomes controllable. Two operation modes, the unit-power control (UPC) mode and the feeder-flow control (FFC) mode, can be applied to the hybrid system. The coordination of two control modes, the coordination of the PV array and the PEMFC in the hybrid system, and the determination of reference parameters are presented. The proposed operating strategy with a flexible operation mode change always operates the PV array at maximum output power and the PEMFC in its high efficiency performance band, thus improving the performance of system operation, enhancing system stability, and decreasing the number of operating mode changes
In this paper, we focus on the modeling and control of a wind power system based on a double-fed induction generator DFIG. We proposed a technique of active and reactive power control to improve the performance and dynamics of variable speed wind system. The objective of the modeling is to apply the direct and indirect vector control stator flux orientation to control independently, the active and reactive power generated doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG). The simulation results are tested and compared in order to evaluate the performance of the proposed system.
Integral Backstepping Control for Maximum Power Point Tracking and Unity Powe...IJECEIAES
This paper presents a robust control strategy for a grid connected photovoltaic system with a boost converter by using an integral Backstepping method based on a nonlinear state model, which guarantees the Lyapunov stability of the global system. The system has tracked precisely the maximum power point, with a very fast response and the unit power factor has been observed under different atmospheric conditions. Moreover, the best advantage of the controller is that it’s a good corrector of the grid perturbation and system parameter disturbance. The simulation result has demonstrated the performance of this strategy.
Performance analysis and simulation of solar pv wind hybrid energy system wit...THRIKOON G
Wind power is one of the most important kinds of renewable energies. Wind farm as a device which receives this energy needs some special conditions to work properly. The most common type of wind turbine is the variable-speed directly connected to the grid. Faults in the power system can originate the disconnection of wind farms. Dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) is a custom power device used for eliminating voltage sages and swells which is the result of the faults. This paper presents a simulation model of a 12-pulse DVR using photovoltaic (PV) as a mean of providing an alternative energy source for the DVR. Simulations were carried out using the Matlab Simulink. The simulation results proved the capability of PV-based DVR in eliminating voltage sag and swell distributed system. Improving the operation of wind farm as an energy generator and stabilizing its voltage is the main result of this work.
A Discrete PLL Based Load Frequency Control of FLC-Based PV-Wind Hybrid Power...IAES-IJPEDS
The sun and wind-based generation are considered to besource of green
power generation which can mitigate the power demand issues. As solar and
wind power advancements are entrenched and the infiltration of these
Renewable Energy Sources (RES) into to network is expanding dynamically.
So, as to outline a legitimate control and to harness power from RES the
learning of natural conditions for a specific area is fundamental. Fuzzy Logic
Controller (FLC) based Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) controlled
boost converter are utilized for viable operation and to keep DC voltage
steady at desired level. The control scheme of the inverter is intended to keep
the load voltage and frequency of the AC supply at aconstant level regardless
of progress in natural conditions and burden. A Simulink model of the
proposed Hybrid system with the MPPT controlled Boost converters
and Voltage regulated Inverter for stand-alone application is developed in
MATLAB R2015a, Version 8.5.0. The ongoing information of Wind Speed
and Solar Irradiation levels are recorded at BITS-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus
the performance of the voltage regulated inverter under constant and varying
linearAC load is analyzed. The investigation shows that the magnitude of
load voltage and frequency of the load voltage is maintained at desired level
by the proposed inverter control logic.
The paper proposes a complete modeling and control technique of variable speed wind turbine system (WTS) based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG). Two levels back-to-back converter is used to ensure the energy transfer between the DFIG rotor and the grid. The wind turbine to operate efficiently, a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm is implemented. Then, direct power control (DPC) strategy has been combined with the MPPT technique in order to guarantee the selection of the appropriate rotor voltage vectors and to minimize the active and reactive power errors. Finally, the simulation is performed by using MATLAB/simulink platform basing on 7.5KW DFIG wind generation system, and the results prove the effectiveness of our proposed control technique.
Power Quality Improvement Using Custom Power Devices in Squirrel Cage Inducti...IJPEDS-IAES
Wind farm is connected to the grid directly.The wind is not constant voltage fluctuations occur at point of common coupling (PCC) and WF terminal. To overcome this problem a new compensation strategy is used. By using Custom power devices (UPQC).It injects reactive power at PCC. The advantages of UPQC are it consists of both DVR and D-STATCOM. DVR is connected in series to the line and it injects in phase voltage into the line .D- STATCOM is connected shunt to the line .The internal control strategy is based on management of active and reactive power in series and shunt converters of UPQC. The power exchainge is done by using DC-link.
Performance analysis of various parameters by comparison of conventional pitc...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Performance analysis of various parameters by comparison of conventional pitc...eSAT Journals
Abstract This paper deals with a variable speed wind turbine coupled with a permanent magnet synchronous generator connected through a two mass drive train. This drive train is connected to synchronous generator and after the conversion process finally connected to grid and the idea of transmission over a long distance makes the use of converter necessary and at the receiving end. The inverter is used to convert it back and the inverter is designed with a proper gate signal to get the best output three phase voltages. The fuzzy logic controller is used to track generator speed with varying wind speed to optimize turbine aerodynamic efficiency in the outer speed loop. Pitch angle control of wind turbine has been used widely to reduce torque and output power variation in high rated wind speed areas .The machine side converter is designed to extract maximum power from the wind. In this work a WECS connected with grid is designed in Matlab and a Fuzzy controller is designed to improve the output and we can see the major difference in DC link voltage and reactive power in transmission line. From the outputs we can also go through the reactive power issue which system is best for inductive load or capacitive load. The simple PI system is good for capacitive load and the fuzzy system is better option for the inductive load. The results of both the system of normal controller and fuzzy controller is compared and analyzed. Key Words: Fuzzy logic controller (FLC), permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG), insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) , Pulse width modulation (PWM), Wind energy conversion system, DC link capacitor. FACTS Flexible A.C Transmission system, PI proportional integral
Optimizing of the installed capacity of hybrid renewable energy with a modifi...IJECEIAES
The lack of wind speed capacity and the emission of photons from sunlight are the problem in a hybrid system of photovoltaic (PV) panels and wind turbines. To overcome this shortcoming, the incremental conductance (IC) algorithm is applied that could control the converter work cycle and the switching of the buck boost therefore maximum efficiency of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is reached. The operation of the PV-wind hybrid system, consisting of a 100 W PV array device and a 400 W wind subsystem, 12 V/100 Ah battery energy storage and LED, the PV-wind system requires a hybrid controller for battery charging and usage and load lamp and it’s conducted in experimental setup. The experimental has shown that an average increase in power generated was 38.8% compared to a single system of PV panels or a single wind turbine sub-system. Therefore, the potential opportunities for increasing power production in the tropics wheather could be carried out and applied with this model.
4.power quality improvement in dg system using shunt active filterEditorJST
Injection of power generated by the wind turbine system into an electric grid mainly effects the power quality. The performance of this wind turbine and its power quality is determined on the basis of its measurement of power ratings as per IEEE standards. The influence of the wind turbine in the grid system concerning the power quality measurements are the active power, reactive power, variation of voltage, flicker, harmonics, and electrical behavior of switching operation. To mitigate the power quality problems this paper proposes the shunt compensator techniques. Here, the proposed system is verified experimentally using both STATCOM and TSC compensators. This control schemes for grid connected wind energy system is simulated using Matlab/Simulink.
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, i...IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
In this paper, we focus on the modeling and control of a wind power system based on a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG). We proposed a technique of control strategies to have the maximum power from wind turbine (WT). This study deals with the problem of Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) based on Takagi Sugeno fuzzy model. The stability analysis is achieved. The gains of the designed controller are calculated by solving Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI). Finally, simulation results are provided to demonstrate the validity and the effectiveness of the proposed method.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) aims to cover the latest outstanding developments in the field of all Engineering Technologies & science.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
Development of DC voltage control from wind turbines using proportions and in...IJECEIAES
This research article presents the method to control the DC voltage of the boost converter by using a proportional-integral (PI) controller. With AC voltage from a wind turbine generator, converting to DC voltage level by rectifier, this DC voltage controlled by PI controller is to control boost converter that sends DC links to the inverter which converting alternating current voltage to direct current voltage through three-phase load and to the grid-connected system. For switching the IGBTs in the inverter, the PWM signal, on the hysteresis current control, is controlled by the signal from the detected reference voltage based on the grid-connected system and the voltage from a wind turbine generator. The tests made the comparison of results from the simulation with the MATLAB/Simulink program and result from the hardware on the prototype. The power quality results, such as harmonic, power factor, are in acceptable ranges.
A Hybrid Control Scheme for Fault Ride-Through Capability using Line-Side Con...Suganthi Thangaraj
As the wind power installations are increasing in number, Wind Turbine Generators (WTG) are required to have Fault Ride-Through (FRT) capabilities. Lately developed grid operating codes demand the WTGs to stay connected during fault conditions, supporting the grid to recover faster back to its normal state. In this paper, the generator side converter incorporates the maximum power point tracking algorithm to extract maximum energy from wind turbine system. A hybrid control scheme for energy storage systems (ESS) and braking choppers for fault ride-through capability and a suppression of the output power fluctuation is proposed for permanent-magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) wind turbine systems. During grid faults, the dc-link voltage is controlled by the ESS instead of the line-side converter (LSC), whereas the LSC is exploited as a STATCOM to inject reactive current into the grid for assisting in the grid voltage recovery. A simple model of the proposed system is developed and simulated in MATLAB environment. The effectiveness of the system is validated through extensive simulation results
Wind Turbine Generator Tied To Grid Using Inverter Techniques and Its DesignsIJSRD
This paper proposes a method of using small sizes WTG of 300W low capacity turbine in small grid channel with inverter techniques. Power can be fed directly to grid by improving durability and eliminating battery usage, using WTG inverter technique. The proposed wind tied with grid by PMG includes boost converter and three phase inverter. For tracking wind speed with variations of wind power MPPT method is used. Interleaving technique is adopted for different frequency variables to improve power capacity. Final result proves WTG helps in improving wind power application as shown in simulation result.
Modeling and Simulation of Wind Energy Conversion System Interconnected with ...idescitation
The global electrical energy consumption is steadily rising and consequently there
is a demand to increase the power generation capacity. A significant percentage of the
required capacity increase can be based on renewable energy sources.The integration of
Distributed Generations into grid has a great importance in improving system reliability.
The power generation with renewable energy sources is essential in now-a-days to control
the atmospheric pollution and global warming. To get fast tracking for maximum power, it
is preferable to use incremental conductance method. MPPT control for variable speed
wind turbine is driven by Induction Generator. The wind turbine generator is operated
such that the rotor speed varies according to wind speed to adjust the duty cycle of power
inverter and maximizes wind energy conversion system efficiency. The system includes the
wind turbine, induction generator, three phase rectifier, DC link voltage controller, three
phase inverter. In this paper, modeling and simulation of wind energy conversion system
(WECS) with incremental conductance maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is
presented. This WECS is connected to electric utility to measure the performance. In this
paper, the objective such as optimal location and sizing of DG units are studied to check the
system performance in reducing the power losses, increase in voltage profile and reliability.
For analyzing the performance of WECS, a case study is carried out on IEEE 15 bus radial
distribution system. The case studies shows that there is gradual improvement in voltage
profile, reduction in power losses and variation in reliability indices and results were
simulated in the MATLAB/SIMULINK. The results shown in this paper can contribute well
to electrical utilities with radial distribution systems.
APPLICATION OF STATCOM to IMPROVED DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE OF POWER SYSTEMijsrd.com
Application of FACTS controller called Static Synchronous Compensator STATCOM to improve the performance of power grid with Wind Farms is investigated .The essential feature of the STATCOM is that it has the ability to absorb or inject fastly the reactive power with power grid . Therefore the voltage regulation of the power grid with STATCOM FACTS device is achieved. Moreover restoring the stability of the power system having wind farm after occurring severe disturbance such as faults or wind farm mechanical power variation is obtained with STATCOM controller . The dynamic model of the power system having wind farm controlled by proposed STATCOM is developed . To validate the powerful of the STATCOM FACTS controller, the studied power system is simulated and subjected to different severe disturbances. The results prove the effectiveness of the proposed STATCOM controller in terms of fast damping the power system oscillations and restoring the power system stability.
A probabilistic multi-objective approach for FACTS devices allocation with di...IJECEIAES
This study presents a probabilistic multi-objective optimization approach to obtain the optimal locations and sizes of static var compensator (SVC) and thyristor-controlled series capacitor (TCSC) in a power transmission network with large level of wind generation. In this study, the uncertainties of the wind power generation and correlated load demand are considered. The uncertainties are modeled in this work using the points estimation method (PEM). The optimization problem is solved using the multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) algorithm to find the best position and rating of the flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices. The objective of the problem is to maximize the system loadability while minimizing the power losses and FACTS devices installation cost. Additionally, a technique based on fuzzy decision-making approach is employed to extract one of the Pareto optimal solutions as the best compromise one. The proposed approach is applied on the modified IEEE 30bus system. The numerical results evince the effectiveness of the proposed approach and shows the economic benefits that can be achieved when considering the FACTS controller.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
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About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
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• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
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Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Student information management system project report ii.pdf
Paper id 42201607
1. International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Vol.4, No.2, February 2016
E-ISSN: 2321-9637
Available online at www.ijrat.org
42
BESS at Point of Common Coupling for Wind Farm
Sandeep Tapre, Prof.K.Venkata Ramamohan
M.E (student), Professor
MSS’s College of Engg. Jalna
sandeep.tapre85@rediffmail.com, ram.mohan822@gmail.com
Abstract- A computational procedure to determine the Battery energy storage system capacity and the evaluation of the
voltage .This paper presents the results of a wind data and provide effectively continuous power for the consumers or
grid without any disturbance. It also examined for the purpose of attenuating the effects of unsteady input power from
wind farms. A novel 2 wind generating plants at Point of common coupling, Battery storage-based power allocation
method also is proposed. The effectiveness of these methods was verified using MATLAB/SIMULINK software.
1. INTRODUCTION
Wind power is the fastest-growing renewable energy
source, but one of the typical problems of wind energy
converters (WECs) is the variation in their delivered
power, which is the main cause of the relationship
between the random nature of wind and the power. The
purpose of the present investigation is to fill in the gap in
the aforementioned daily load-tracking application. It
addresses the design of a BESS, incorporated into a
power buffer for the wind farm. While the BESS
possesses higher energy capacity than several other
energy storage media, and hence, it is suitable for the
long-term load-tracking operation [1], BESS is also
shown to be cost-effective for use in power systems [2].
However, nowadays it is common to find wind
converters where an electronic converter is used to
connect the generator to the network, so the delivered
power can be smoothed [3].
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the periodic
power pulsations that have been measured during the day
and give continuous power. The loads on an electricity
supply system, which are reflected in the spot price of
electricity, vary according to the time of day, day of the
week, season, and also other, unpredictable factors. For
the wind farm application, for example, a flow battery
system has been described in [4], although the authors
have yet to provide a method by which the battery
capacity can be determined. Thus, the present
investigation proposes a methodology to determine the
required BESS capacity for the purpose of daily load
tracking or load leveling. The method is based on a given
wind power profile and the optimization of an objective
function through which the Optimal dispatched power
level from the wind farm will be obtained.
2. MODEL DESCRIPTION
This paper is organized as follows. PMSG is
interconnected with the grid through a fully rated
converter so that the variable ac frequency at the
generator terminal is converted to steady grid frequency
at the output. Here two plants are to be considering which
are join at PCC through the PWM Generator as shown in
Fig 1. Also it shows that the wind energy captured by the
turbine blades is converted through the PMSG into
electrical power, denoted by Pw. From previous
references, it is clear that Pw tends to be highly
stochastic, and an effective way to describe Pw could be
through statistical means [5], [6]. Alternatively, as part of
the wind farm planning, site selection, and design
process, wind data are often collected at site if such data
of (say) past few years are unavailable. As the main focus
of this paper is on the design of the BESS, it is now
assume that sufficient wind data are available and the
profile of Pw is known over a period of T h. Fig. 2 shows
a typical profile of Pw, derived from the wind speed data
.In the figure, Pw has been normalized, and hence is
within the range [0, 1] per unit (p.u.).
All wind speed distributions were corrected to a long-
term mean wind speed of 12 m/s. At short time scales. As
per Fig. 1 the system configuration of a direct drive
PMSG based grid interfaced WECS. A horizontal axis
wind turbine is used to drive the PMSG. A surface
mounted non salient pole type PMSG is used. The kinetic
energy presents in the wind is converted into the
mechanical torque using a wind turbine. Mechanical
energy is converted into electrical energy using a PMSG.
To facilitate variable speed operation for achieving
MPPT, the PMSG cannot be interfaced with the grid
directly. Therefore, two VSCs are used in back to back
configuration with common DC link known as a MSC
and a GSC. These VSC’s are controlled independently.
42
2. International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Vol.4, No.2, February 2016
E-ISSN: 2321-9637
Available online at www.ijrat.org
Figure 1. Variable speed wind turbine with
interconnection to the mains grid through BESS.
Figure 1. Typical wind power profile based on data taken:
constant Pd is shown.
One can assume that the power loss in the two converters
is negligible. The dc-link capacitor C functions as
harmonics filter, and in some designs, it can also take the
role of the energy-storage system [7]. However, typical
energy storage capacity of the capacitor tends to be small
compared to the BESS considered in the study. Hence, in
terms of initial power flow analysis, the capacitor power
may be neglected. It is further assumed that the
dispatched power Pd from CON2 to the mains grid is to
be kept constant over the interval T. Although this
assumption tends to facilitate analysis, it also has a
desirable effect from a practical viewpoint: it prevents
the fluctuating Pw from impacting negatively on the grid,
in terms of network voltage and frequency profiles. To
realize the constant power feature, the mismatch power
between Pw and Pd has to be compensated for by the
BESS, which has the output Pb (t), shown in Fig. 1.
3. CONTROL ALGORITHM
The block diagram of the proposed control scheme as
in Fig. 1, The MSC controls the active power of the
PMSG to achieve MPPT and the GSC regulates the DC
link voltage under change in active power output from
the PMSG. The control scheme for the MSC and the
GSC are as follows:
A. Machine Side Converter (MSC) Control
The MSC is controlled in rotor reference frame and the
phasor diagram. The stator resistance of a PMSG is
negligible which is practically valid in MW size of
generators. The rotor flux linkage is aligned with the d-
axis of the synchronous reference frame. All vectors
along with dqaxis frame rotate in space at synchronous
speed ωs which is also the rotor speed of the generator
ωr. The stator current vector is is perpendicular to the
rotor flux vector λr.
B. Mathematical model
The following table shows the definition of various
variables used in this model:
E = Kinetic Energy (J)
Ρ = Density (kg/m3)
M = Mass (kg) A = Swept Area (m2)
V = Wind Speed (m/s)
Cp = Power Coefficient
P = Power (W)
r = Radius (m)
Under constant acceleration, the kinetic energy of an
object having mass m and velocity v is equal to the work
done W in displacing that object from rest to a distance s
under a force F i.e.
E =W = Fs
According to Newton’s Law, we have:
F = ma
Hence,
E = mass … (1)
Using the third equation of motion:
PWM CvAP 3
2
1
ρ=
(1)
v 2 = u2 + 2as and as per paper [10].
A German physicist Albert Betz concluded in 1919
that no wind turbine can convert more than 16/27
(59.3%) of the kinetic energy of the wind into
mechanical energy turning a rotor. To this day, this is
known as the Betz Limit or Betz'Law. The theoretical
maximum power efficiency of any design of wind turbine
is 0.59 (i.e. no more than 59% of the energy carried by
the wind can be extracted by a wind turbine). This is
called the “power coefficient” and is defined as:
C pmax = 0.59
Also, wind turbines cannot operate at this maximum
limit. The Cp value is unique to each turbine type and is a
function of wind speed that the turbine is operating in.
Once we incorporate various engineering requirements of
a wind turbine - strength and durability in particular – the
real world limit is well below the Betz Limit with values
of 0.35-0.45 common even in the best designed wind
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3. International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Vol.4, No.2, February 2016
E-ISSN: 2321-9637
Available online at www.ijrat.org
turbines. By the time we take into account the other
factors in a complete wind turbine system - e.g. the
gearbox, bearings, and generator and so on - only 10-
30% of the power of the wind is ever actually converted
into usable electricity. Hence, the power coefficient
needs to be factored in equation (4) and the extractable
power from the wind is given by:
PWavail CvAP 3
2
1
ρ=
(2)
Where ρ is the air density which is approximately
equal to 1.2 kg/m3 this study; where Cp is the power
coefficient considered 0.48 for this wind turbine; A is the
sweep area of turbine blades in m2 and υw is the wind
velocity in m/s. In direct drive system, due to the absence
of a gear box, the mechanical torque (TM) and the shaft
speed of the wind turbine are directly transferred to the
shaft of the generator. The mechanical torque developed
by the wind turbine is as,
Tm = Pm/wm
(3)
C. Grid Side Converter (GSC) Control
The DC link voltage is selected such that it should be
more than peak of the line voltage for satisfactory
operation of GSC for controlled active power transfer to
the grid.
4. BESS CAPACITY
The battery capacity is normally specified in terms of
power and energy capacity [9]. The energy capacity
describes the energy that can be drawn from or stored in
the battery. The power rating determines the power that
can be supplied or stored by the battery under rated
discharge/charge time interval. The capital cost of the
battery can also be determined, based on the power and
energy capacities [8]. Consequently, the design problem
in hand is to determine the BESS capacity based on a
cost-benefit consideration, as shown later.
Figure 2. Simulink model for BESS at point of common
coupling at wind farm with interconnection to
the Loads.
Determination of BESS Power and Energy
Capacities
In the buffer system, the BESS power Pb (t) can be
written in terms of Pw and Pd as
Pb (t) = Pw − Pd .
(4)
From (1), for a given constant Pd , Pb (t) will vary in
the same manner as Pw. By setting Pd to another
constant value will only result in the Pb (t) curve being
shifted up or down, but Pb (t) will remain as the same
shape as Pw. For example, for the Pw profile given in
Fig. 2, the Pb (t) profile given in Fig. 3(a) corresponds to
Pd = 0.6 p.u. From Fig. 3(a), one finds that the maximum
battery power Pb ,max occurs at T1 when Pb ,max =−0.5
p.u. over the interval T. The negative sign indicates that,
at this precise moment, the BESS is discharging. It is
quite conceivable for a different value of Pd, the
corresponding Pb,max may be positive.
It then indicates that the BESS is being charged at the
maximum value at that instance. Integration of Pb (t)
with respect to time yields the net energy (Eb) injected
into or discharged from the BESS, up to time t.
Corresponding to the changes in Pb (t), the Eb (t) profile
will also vary for different Pd. For instance, Eb (t)
profiles corresponding
to Pd = 0.55, 0.6, and 0.65 p.u., respectively, have
been given in Fig. 3(b). Positive values in Fig. 3(b) show
net gain/loss in stored energy in the BESS, as compared
to the battery initial stored energy level. For specific
value of Pd, the corresponding value of Pb, max
determines the BESS power capacity. To achieve the
goal of dispatching the constant Pd over the designed
period T, the BESS capacity has to be specified to be at
least as large as the
corresponding Pb,max. once the BESS capacity is
designed to be at least as large as Pb,max, the BESS
could absorb/supply the surplus/shortfall in power for the
corresponding constant dispatched level Pd . As
described earlier, besides the power capacity, the battery
energy capacity should also be considered. For the study
undertaken in this paper, the BESS energy capacity is
specified in a similar manner as in the case of BESS
power capacity: the energy capacity of the BESS has to
be as large as that it could absorb/supply the maximum
amount of the charged/discharged energy. Hence, the
BESS energy capacity should be at least as large as
Eb,max for the corresponding Pd value.
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4. International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Vol.4, No.2, February 2016
E-ISSN: 2321-9637
Available online at www.ijrat.org
Figure 3. Simulink model for PMSG
Figure 4. Simulink model for BESS
Figure 5. Simulink model for Convertor
5. SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
Battery Model
Several equivalent battery circuit models have been
reported in the literature. The models are applicable to
study the battery behavior over short- or long-term
intervals during its charge/discharge process [16]. For the
present study, the consideration is for the
charging/discharging processes of the battery for
relatively long-term operations, e.g., over hours/days.
The lead–acid battery model proposed by Ceraolo [17] is
suitable for such an application.
Capacitor used
Characteristics
1. Rated capacitance 100-2000 µF
2. Capacitance tolerance = 10%
3. Rated DC Voltage (Un) max1800 V DC
4. Self-inductance max. 70 nH
5. Typical tan. d (50 Hz) <5.0E−4
6. Series resistance <3 m /1 kHz
7. Filling Resin Dry, UL94, V0
8. Dielectric Self healing MPP aluminium case
without overpressure device
9. Terminals M6, M8 internal threads M8 screw
type’s bolds
10. Maximum rating :- Overvoltage 1.1 x Un
(8h/day)
11. Max. (dV/dt) 25 V/us
Application
I. Hybrid vehicles
II. Wind plants
III. Solar power plants
IV. Electric energy generation from sea waves
V. Medical equipment
VI. Industrial equipment
VII.Car electronics
VIII. Railway and turbines (generator)
IX. Frequency transducer
X. Elevators
6. SYSTEM OUTPUTS
Figure 6. Graph for Capacitor charging (Voltage v/s
Time)
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5. International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Vol.4, No.2, February 2016
E-ISSN: 2321-9637
Available online at www.ijrat.org
Figure 7. Graph for SOC for Battery charging &
discharging
Figure 8. Graph for Power generating in MW
Figure 9. Graph for Convertor output (voltage & curren)
7. CONCLUSION
This research has established that key aspects of the
use of Energy storage can be captured by a simplified
probabilistic approach, which requires only limited input
data. Specific conclusions based on the modeling indicate
the following:
A method to determine the BESS capacity has been
developed with the purpose of not only keeping the
injected power from the wind farm constant, but also to
achieve maximum economic benefit.
The proposed BESS and capacitor sizing procedure
has been demonstrated through simulation studies and
using the wind data obtained from a theoretically wind
farm
Energy storage up to one day cannot exclude energy
curtailment in a weak grid connection.
Energy management incorporating energy storage over
24 hrs and energy curtailment can allow up to three times
the amount of wind energy to be absorbed by a weak grid
compared to conventional grid connection of wind farms.
The impact of energy capacity has been sidestepped in
this study through the assumption of a storage capacity
that is large enough for the time scale considered.
Nevertheless, the conclusions should be valid provided
reasonably generous storage capacities are used of the
orders of magnitude estimated.
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BIOGRAPHIES
1) Sandeep Tapre received the B.E. degree in electrical
engineering from the P.E.S College of Engineering,
Aurangabad (M. S.), India.Presently; he is an M E (EPS)
student at MSS’S College of Engineering & Technology
Jalna (M.S.), India.
2) K.Venkata Rama Mohan received the B.Tech.
degree in electrical and Electronics Engineering from
S.K.T.R.M.C.E College . (M.S.), India, the M.TECH.
(EPS) degree from S.P.R.C.E.T, India, & Presently, he is
working as Asst. Professor , at MSS’S College of
Engineering & Technology Jalna (M.S.), India.
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