This document discusses the use of panchakarma therapies for the treatment of tamaka shwasa (bronchial asthma). It describes the disease pathogenesis, types, and conventional management approaches. It states that panchakarma therapies like snehana, swedana, vamana, virechana, vasti, dhumapana, and gandusha are beneficial for tamaka shwasa according to ancient Ayurvedic texts. These therapies help eliminate vitiated doshas, especially kapha, from the channels and lungs, restoring normal airflow. Clinical studies support that charaka's recommendation of virechana in particular remains an effective management strategy for tamaka shwasa.
This is a PPT on the Ayurvedic aspect of Parkinson disease Which is known as Kampavata in Ayurveda along with the Case presentation on Parkinsonism patient treated by ayurveda.
This is a PPT on the Ayurvedic aspect of Parkinson disease Which is known as Kampavata in Ayurveda along with the Case presentation on Parkinsonism patient treated by ayurveda.
Rightly diagnosed is half cured so thorough examination of the patient is very much essential for the diagnosis and management of udara roga. Here an attempt made to understand udara roga in parlance with modern science which will be helpful for treating the patient at right time.
ANALYSIS OF PANCHAKARMA RESEARCHES DONE IN THE MANAGEMENT OF GRIDHRASI
Presented by Dr.Annie sebastien ,PG Scholar, Department of Panchakarma, SDMCAH Hassan
Swasa Roga is a typical respiratory problem mentioned in classical Ayurveda texts. This presentation has tried to include classical as well as modern perspectives of respiratory problems that has difficulty in breathing/dyspnoea as the major symptom.
Rightly diagnosed is half cured so thorough examination of the patient is very much essential for the diagnosis and management of udara roga. Here an attempt made to understand udara roga in parlance with modern science which will be helpful for treating the patient at right time.
ANALYSIS OF PANCHAKARMA RESEARCHES DONE IN THE MANAGEMENT OF GRIDHRASI
Presented by Dr.Annie sebastien ,PG Scholar, Department of Panchakarma, SDMCAH Hassan
Swasa Roga is a typical respiratory problem mentioned in classical Ayurveda texts. This presentation has tried to include classical as well as modern perspectives of respiratory problems that has difficulty in breathing/dyspnoea as the major symptom.
this is an ppt presentation by dr.b.arun kumar, who is working as a lecturer in MNR ayurvedic medical college, sangareddy, near hyderabad. in this presentation i given all details of virechana karma.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
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- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
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3. INTRODUCTION
Tamaka Shwasa, a Pranavaha Srotovikara is such a disease which
affects an individual due to Atma Asatmya and reduced Vyadhi
Pratibandakatvam.
Bronchial Asthma is chronic debilitating disease of varied etiology.
Various causative factors such as dust, fumes and pollen grains
along with genetic factors have been studied and investigated which
are aggravates the Asthma.
The growing environmental pollution with rapid and extensive
industrialization is also responsible for aggravation of this disease.
The alarming rise in the incidence of this disease in metropolitan
cities has posed a serious problem.
Shwasa Krichrata and Kasa are found to be predominant features of
Tamaka Shwasa.
4. CONT....
The principle pathology is the Avarodha of Pranavayu.
The predominant morbidity of Vata and Kapha Dosha, stemming
out from Pittasthana, afflicting Rasadhatu, disturbing the
functioning of Pranavaha Srotas, these pathological events
collectively leads to the occurrence of Tamaka Shwasa.
Panchakarma has been given a special place in all the ancient
Ayurvedic texts.
In present scenario PANCHAKARMA therapy is the best way to
effectively & safely manage the condition without any drug
dependency.
Acharya Charaka has mentioned the extensive use of Panchakarma
therapy for almost all the major diseases.
5. SAMPRAPTHI
Nidana Sevana
Sanchaya -- Agnimandya Dosha Dusthi (Vata and Kapha Dusthi)
Prakopa -- Amarasotpatti Pratiloma gati ofVata
Mala Rupa Kapha
Prashara
Paribhramana
Pranavaha Srotogamana
Sthana
Sanshraya Kapha makes avarana to Phrana Vayu
Prahana try to overcome the Avharana
Vyakthavastha Shwasa (Shwasavarodha, Shwasativriddhi, Ghurghurkam etc.)
6. TYPES
PRATAMAKA SHWASA:
• In this condition there is
association of Jawara&
Murcha.
• This condition develops due to
Udavarta (reversible of natural
urges of body), dust,
indigestion, old age or excess
humid environment, here the
Pitta aggravates.
SANTMAKA SHWASA:
• In this condition is aggravated
due to darkness or mental
stress but relieved by cold and
feels that he is drowning in the
darkness. Usually the attacks
precipitate early in the
morning.
• Here Jejatta elobarate the
involvement of mansik dosas
(psychosomatic). Patient feels
relief after sheetopachar
7. Management in Tamaka Shwasa
The management Shwasa in practical of Tamaka sense has two aspects
SHAMANA THERAPY:
• Kapha and Vata are the pre-dominant doshas, so the medicines and the
dietetic regimen which controls the Kapha and Vata due to their Ushna Guna and
are Vata Anulomaka in action must be utilized in the treatment of Shwasa roga.
SAMSODHAN THERAPY:
• Caraka emphasized that strong build patient with the dominance of Kapha
and Vata should be treated with samsodhana therapy, i.e. Vamana and virechana as
per necessities. (C.S.ci. 17/89).
If the patient is kaphadhikyata and balawan rogi - Doshas are to be expelled
by Vamana and Virechana. After pathya ahara, vihara and later followed by Swasa
nashaka dhuma, avaleha etc are to be administered.
• “focus on alleviating Vata without agitating Kapha, and balance the Kapha, liquefy
it and expel it from the Pranavaha Srotas, without agitating vata.”
• Hence the drug of choice should be of Ushna veerya.
9. Snehana:
• Taila mixed with lavana should be gently massaged on the chest
and back to loose the Grathita Kapha in the channels.
• Taila is having Ushna property, and thus alleviates vata, and does
not increase Kapha. There fore it is better for Abhyanga.
• In Shwasa, Grathita Kapha (Mucous plug) is present; and Salavana
Sneha is useful in vilayana of this grathitha kapha, thereby removing
the sanga (Obstruction of airway).
Swedana:
• Swedana by nadi, prastara and Sankara method should be
performed, by these processes the kapha which has become grathita
in the patients body, gets dissolved in the body srotas, the body srotas
become softened and as a result, the movement of Vata is restored to
normal condition.
10. • Vamana
To eliminate or expectorate the liquefy Kapha, vamana should
be given with proper method with drugs not antagonist to vata. After
proper swedana, snigdha odana(rice),with soup of fish or pigflesh
and the supernatant of curds may be given to the patients for the
utklesana of kapha .
There after Vamana should be performed with the help of
Madanaphala. Pippali mixed with saindhava and Madhu. Thus the
vitiated and stagnant Kapha has been expelled from the system, the
patient attains ease and body channels (srotas) are purified, the Vata
moves through the srotas, unimpeded (C. S. ci.17/74-76)
Dhumapana
After Vamana, to eliminate the hidden pathogenic substances ie the
Dosa which are in the Linavastha (not completely purified), the
physician should endeavour to remove it by Dhuma Cikitsa
(inhalation therapy) (C.S. ci 17/77).
A varthi is made of Haridra, erand moola, laksa, manashila,and is smeared with
11. Virechana:
Cikitsa Sutra in Tamaka Swasa,kapha obstructs the passage of vayu,
the obstrtucted vayu take the pratiloma gati. Virecana drugs having
the quality of vatanulomana, usna guna, kaphavataghna may be more
beneficial in the condition of Swasa (C.S.ci. 17/147)
• Dosa hara properties of virecana:virecana removes mainly Kapha and
Pitta Dosas and makes Vata in anuloma gati.
Vasti:
For the patients of dyspoea according to some scholar expect unctous
enema upper and lower cleaning(emesis and purgation) also is
beneficial, apart from these other mild therapies should be
administered.
12. DISSCUSSION
• The management of Tamaka Shwasa depends on the Dosha
predominance and physical stage of the patient.
• Therefore the treatment modalities classified according to patient like
Kaphadhika, Vatadhika, Balawana, and Durbala. Vata and Kapha
involve in the pathogenesis of Tamaka Shwasa.
• So the treatment modalities depend upon state of vitiation of Dosha
in the disease process.
• The therapy which alleviates both the Dosha should be adopted.
• In Snehana and Swedana, they help to liquefy the solidified Kapha
adhering inside the Srotas and the liquefy Kapha comes into the
Koshta, from where it can be eliminated out easily. The Srotas
become soft and Maruta (vata) attains its downward movement.
13. Vamana karma
It follows the poorva karma like Snehana and Swedhana.
This poorva karma was liquefying the doshas and helps in bringing the
doshas to kostha.
• As the Vamana dravya contain ushna, tikashna, sukshma, vyavayi
and vikasi gunas and because of their potency they reach the heart
through the minute channels. Due to Snehana and Swedana the
vitiated dosha become liquefied and enter into minute channels.
• There the Vamaka dravya further liquefies the doshas due to ushna
guna and break down into pieces because of tikshna, vikasi gunas,
from there the liquefied doshas reach the kosta without sticking to
the channels as honey runs through the walls of the earthen ware
which has been anointed with oil. From there the vitiated doshas will
be expelled through mouth, because of the drugs having the
dominancy of Agni and Vayu Mahabhutas, involvement of
Udhanavata and also the upward movement of drugs.
14. • Virechana karma:
• The efficiency of Virchana was observed in clinical study and even
today Charaka’s “Tamake tu Virechanam”, statement is very
effective in the management of Tamaka Shwasa. The probable
mode of action can be proposed as below.
• This Virechana follows the Poorva Karma like Snehana and
Swedana. These Poorva Karma liquefying the Doshas and bring
back to Kostha.
• This therapy useful in Kapha Samsrusta and Pitta Stanagata Kapha.
Also it is useful in Vata disorders. Snehana, Swedana, and Mrudu
Virechana are the treatment of Vata disorder.
• a) The qualities of Virechana drugs are Ushna, Tikshna, Sukshma,
Vyavayi and Vata Anulomaka
• b) Effect of Virechana- Srotoshuddhi Vatanulomaka, Agni Deepti,
expel the Mala from the body.
16. CONCLUSION
• Tamaka Shwasa is the life threatening disease in the modern era.
• As we know “Na Tesham Punarudbhavaha” indicates importances
of Panchakarma i.e. diseases treated with Panchakarma are having
less chances of reoccurrence by prohibiting the aggravation of
doshas.
• Snehna and Swedna karma helps to liquefy the Grahita dosha in
srotas.
• Vamana and Virechana karmas are good and effective treatments in
Tamaka Swasa. Both removes the vitiated doshas and cure the
disease through its root.
• Vamana is a specific treatment for Kapha and Kapha samsargaja
doshas.
• Dumpana, Kavala, Gandusha helps to expel Kanthasata Kapha after
the Vamana.
• Virechana is a specific treatment for Pitta and Pitta samsargaja
doshas, also the treatment for Kapha and Vata doshas.