The document discusses the Ayurvedic treatment of Pakshaghata (stroke) with a focus on Virechana (therapeutic purgation). It defines Pakshaghata as a Vata disorder involving paralysis of one side of the body. Virechana is recommended in Ayurvedic texts as a key treatment for Pakshaghata due to its ability to pacify vitiated Vata dosha. Modern research also suggests Virechana may improve brain function in stroke by cleansing the GI tract and reducing intra-cellular fluid build up in brain cells. The author conducted a study showing Virechana provided fast improvement in speech, sensation and muscle strength in stroke patients, with slower gains in
This is a PPT on the Ayurvedic aspect of Parkinson disease Which is known as Kampavata in Ayurveda along with the Case presentation on Parkinsonism patient treated by ayurveda.
Gridhrasi is defined as Stambha (stiffness), Ruk (pain), Toda (pricking pain) in a radiating manner along with Spandana (tingling sensation) starting from Kati Pradesha (low back) to Prushtha (back), Janu (knee joints), Jangha (calf muscles) and Pada (dorso lateral aspect of feet) of either one side of the lower limb or may involve both lower limbs. This condition makes raising of the affected leg difficult.
This is a PPT on the Ayurvedic aspect of Parkinson disease Which is known as Kampavata in Ayurveda along with the Case presentation on Parkinsonism patient treated by ayurveda.
Gridhrasi is defined as Stambha (stiffness), Ruk (pain), Toda (pricking pain) in a radiating manner along with Spandana (tingling sensation) starting from Kati Pradesha (low back) to Prushtha (back), Janu (knee joints), Jangha (calf muscles) and Pada (dorso lateral aspect of feet) of either one side of the lower limb or may involve both lower limbs. This condition makes raising of the affected leg difficult.
Swasa Roga is a typical respiratory problem mentioned in classical Ayurveda texts. This presentation has tried to include classical as well as modern perspectives of respiratory problems that has difficulty in breathing/dyspnoea as the major symptom.
this is an ppt presentation by dr.b.arun kumar, who is working as a lecturer in MNR ayurvedic medical college, sangareddy, near hyderabad. in this presentation i given all details of virechana karma.
The Concept of Pakshachedhana in Ayurveda RasasastraEbinuday
'Pakshachedhana' simply means 'Cutting the wings'. In Ayurveda Rasasastra , Parada ( Mercury) is subjected to Pakshachedhana , through which the stability and heat sustaining capacity of Parada is attained . Pakshachinna Parada can thus be used accordingly in various efficient formulations.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
2. Pakshaghata
Virechana
Benefits of virechana
Virechana in pakshaghata
Pakshaghata chikitsa sutra
Vatasya upakrama
Pakwashaya is vatasthana
Upadhatu of rakta
Involvement of majja
Concept of anubandha – avarana
Prana vata vitiation
Additional points
Research article
Research work conducted
Conclusion
Contents
3. Pakshaghata
• One among the 80 vataja nanatmaja vyadhis
• Vatavyadhi is one among the ashtamahagadas
• Presented with the symptoms ;
Karmakshaya/cheshta nivrutti of one paksha
Vakstambha
Ruja
Achetana paksha
• Mainly two types b/s etiology;
margavarana janya (samsrushta) and dhatukshaya janya
• Samsrushta lakshanas include;
daha, santapa, murcha – pitta samsrushta
shaitya, gourava, shopha – kapha samsrushta
5. Benefits of virechana
• Prasadana of budhi and indriyas
• Improves shareera and indriya bala
• Stability of dhatus
• Agni deepana
• Provides deerghayu
Su.Chi 33/27
शरीरशुद्धिकारणं हि विरेचनं, तच्छु द्िौ मनसो विशुद्धििः,
मनिःशुद्िौ बुद्धिप्रसाद उपपन्न एिेत्यतो बुद्धिप्रसादं
करोतीत्युक्तम्|
6. Virechana in pakshaghata
Pakshaghata chikitsa is explained by different
acharyas in different manner. But all the
chikitsa sutras include virechana (shodhana) as
a line of management.
This can be justified by the following facts
explained based on the etiopathogenesis,
lakshanas and chikitsa of pakshaghata.
9. • The chikitsa sutras explained by Acharyas include
virechana as a main line of treatment
• Virechana in different forms like, mrudu shodhana,
snigdha virechana are explained
• As per Susruta, virechana should be carried out 15
days after vamana and it should be followed by
anuvasana basti after 7 days
11. • Vata roga upakrama includes mrudu shodhana
as per Vagbhata
• This should be done after snehana and
swedana
• Mrudu shodhana is indicated as teekshna
shodhana can cause vata prakopa
14. • The natural abode of vata is pakwashaya
• In pakwashaya gata vata, sneha virechana is
indicated by Susruta and Mrudu sneha virechana
by Vagbhata
• Virechana removes the avarana to vata and
passifies prakupita vata
16. • The involvement of sira and snayu in the
samprapti of pakshaghata is told by Charaka
• Sira is the upadhatus of Rakta dhatu
• The chikitsa for rakta dhatu is rakta mokshana
and virechana
18. • Masthishka is the adhishtana of pakshaghata
• Charaka refers mastishka as mastulunga
• Dalhana says mastulunga is “avileena ghritakara
mastaka majja”
• Dalhana further says pittadhara and majjadhara
kalas have the same origin
• In pittadhara kala vikriti virechana is the best
shodhana
• In majja dushti “kaale shudhi” is the treatment
20. • Pittanubandha and kaphanubandha pakshaghatas
are explained by Madhava nidana
• These can be compared with the margavarana by
pitta and kapha doshas to vata leading to
pakshaghata
• Virechana is mentioned in the treatment of these
two conditions
• Whenever there is association of both pitta and
kapha along with vata, pitta should be passified first
• The main treatment for pitta is virechana
21. Cha.Chi.9/25
•Margavarana is one among the main pathology
behind any vatavyadhi
•Mrudu shodhana is indicated as a treatment for
margavarana
22. • Pakshaghata is most commonly compared with
CVA stroke, ischemia being the commonest
• It is caused by the lack of oxygen supply to the
brain tissues
• This can be compared with the obstruction to
prana vata
• The normal gati of prana vata is from above
downwards
• Virechana brings the prana vata in normal path
Prana vata vikruti
23. • Virechana is indicated in different dhatu dushtis like
rakta, mamsa, majja, sukra etc
• Virechana checks the sangha type of srotodushti
encountered in pakshaghata
• Impairment of mana, budhi, indriya can occur in
pakshaghata which can be corrected by virechana
• Virechana imparts strength to the body and
stabilizes all dhatus. Hence it can be advised in
dhatukshaya janya pakshaghata also
(Cha.Su.28/25, Cha.Si.1/17, Su.Chi.33/27, A.H.Su.18/60)
Additional points
24. Research article
• Virechana may enhance the amount of neuropeptides by cleansing
the completely GI tract, as a result, the quantity of neuropeptides may
rise that in turn may affect the brain and modify its various functions.
Based on the above findings, we can affect brain physiology to a highly
considerable extent through Virechana. Hence, Virechana could be
used in all diseases of brain.
•The break down of cell constituents secondary to this injury also
causes an increase in the number of small molecules within cytoplasm
with increased intracellur fluid. If water continues to accumulate it may
produce clear vacuoles means vacular degeneration. In Virechana, the
water loss from gut may shift this intracellur fluid to colon and thus
restrict vacuolar degeneration. Therefore, Virechana can help in all the
disease, which are due to ischemia and vacuolar degeneration
25. Research work conducted
• Fast improvement in speech, sensory aspects
and muscle strength are observed through the
study.
• Slow improvement in the finer movements is
observed
26. Conclusion
From all the above, references and research
works the conclusion can be drawn that
“virechana” has its own importance in the
management of pakshaghata.