Pakistan has a diverse geography that has influenced its culture. Geographically, it consists of regions like Punjab and Sindh, as well as mountains, deserts, seas and plains. It is crossed by several rivers like the Indus and its tributaries. Culturally, Pakistan has a multi-cultural society with many languages, religions, castes and tribes coexisting in both rural and urban settings. Its culture is also socially diversified between rich and poor as well as different occupations. This diversity of culture combined with its geographical features have shaped Pakistan's political development.

1. We closed our last lecture seeing
that the Indo-Pak subcontinent
historical basis created a multi-
cultural and socially diversified
society with strong centralism in
its governance.

2. • Now we enter the geographical and
socio-cultural foundations of
Pakistan

3. Geography and Culture

6. Geography
• Geography is the study of man's natural
environment and how it influences his
social and cultural development.

7. • Geography with reference to
territorial boundary of a state
covers the study of following:

8. • Region
• Mountain
• Desert
• Sea
• Plain
• Rivers

9. Regions
• Punjab
• Sindh
• Khyber Pakhtoon Khaw (Former N.W.F.P)
• Balochistan
• Kashmir (Distributed territory)
• Federally Administrative Area (FATA)
• Gilgit-Baltistan

10. Mountains
• Mountainous North
• Koh-e-Safaid and Waziristan Hills
• Sulaiman and Kirthar Mountains
• Balochistan Plateau
• Potowar Plateau and the Salt Ranges

11. Desert
• The Thar Desert (Sindh)
• The Cholistan Desert (Punjab)
• The Kharan Desert (Balochistan)

12. Sea
Longest Coastline Of Pakistan is Balochistan
coastline which is 771 kms long while the
total length of the coastal areas of Pakistan
is about 1100 km. The coastal areas of
Pakistan are in the province of Sindh and
Balochistan. These coastal areas are on the
shore of Arabian sea and it connects Pakistan
with other countries of the world through a
sea route. Gawadar and Karachi are two
prominent ports on these coastal areas of
Pakistan.

13. Plain
• The plain region of Pakistan is
largely covered by Punjab and
Sindh, where Punjab is highly
fertilized and for irrigation
purpose.

14. Rivers
• Chanab River
• Indus River
• Jhelum River
• Ravi River
• Kabul River
• Sutlej River

15. • Thus, geography tells us that
Pakistan is rich in its geographical
foundation

16. • Now we take up the study of socio-
cultural foundations of Pakistan

17. Culture
• Way of life based on traditions, value
systems, norms and common goal.

18. Pakistani culture is:
1. Multi-cultural
2. Socially diversified

19. Multi-cultural
• Regions
• Languages
• Subcultures
• Castes
• Tribes
• Rural
• Urban( Metropolitan, city and towns)
• Mass
• Elite
• Religions
• Sects

20. Socially Diversified
• Rich
• Poor
• Managers
• Workers
• Officers
• Subordinates
• Teachers
• Students

21. Conclusion
• We come to understand that Pakistan
is a pluralistic cultural society,
combined with multi-culturalism and
social diversities which have been
playing a constructive role in political
development of the country.