Pakistan has a climate that varies widely by region. It faces increasing vulnerability to climate change impacts like more frequent natural disasters over shorter periods. According to some indexes, Pakistan ranks among the most vulnerable countries to climate change effects. The country experiences extremes ranging from very hot, dry conditions near coastal areas to cooler temperatures in the mountainous northeast. It also has significant seasonal variation with a hot, wet summer monsoon season and a cold, dry winter.

2. Pakistan Climate
A Report
By
Allah Dad Khan
Agri Expert

3. Overview
1. Climate change is severely impacting many countries around the world
and Pakistan is no exception. With its largely arid geographical profile and
resource scarcity the country is particularly vulnerable.
2. From 1929-2005, the return period of disasters has become shorter,
reducing from 56 years in 1929 to only 5 years in 2005. The country is
susceptible to a wide range of hazards including landslides, floods,
droughts and cyclones.
3. The Global Climate Change Vulnerability Index (CCVI) compiled by
Maplecroft ranked Pakistan as the 29th most vulnerable country over
2009-2010, and the 16th most vulnerable over 2010-11

4. Geography
Pakistan has borders to the north with Afghanistan, to the east
with India and to the west with Iran; the Arabian Sea lies to the south. In
the northeast is the disputed territory of Jammu and Kashmir, bounded by
Afghanistan, China and India. The land covers a huge 796,096 sq km
(305,058 sq miles) making it over three times the size of the UK.

5. Six Distinct Regions
• Pakistan comprises six distinct regions.
1. There is the northern mountain area which has a high concentration of
jaw-dropping peaks, and some of the largest glaciers outside of the polar
regions - in fact five are over 45 km (28 miles) in length - as well as the
2. Himalayan range which includes the fabled Nanga Parbat, which stands a
whopping 8,125m (26,657ft) tall.
3. The other regions are comprised by the northern plateau, which is
effectively the lowlands at the bottom of the mountain ranges,
4. The western mountains, the Balochistan plateau (which is hilly and very
sparsely populated),
5. The southeast desert which stretches into Rajasthan in India and
6. The plain of the river Indus, which is within Sindh and the Punjab
(‘Punjab’ literally means five waters, named after the Indus and it’s four
tributaries).

6. Climate Of Pakistan
Pakistan's climate is dry and hot near the coast, becoming progressively
cooler toward the northeastern uplands. The winter season is generally
cold and dry. The hot season begins in March, and by the end of June the
temperature may reach 49° C (120° F ). Between June and September,
the monsoon provides an average rainfall of about 38 cm (15 in) in the
river basins and up to about 150 cm (60 in) in the northern areas. Rainfall
can vary radically from year to year, and successive patterns of flooding
and drought are not uncommon.

7. 4 Seasons ( Rainfall)
Pakistan Climate is divided into four seasons
1. The hot dry spring, from March to May,
2. The summer rainy season from June to September,
3. The retreating monsoon in October and November
4. The cold dry winter from December to February.
Temperature in Islamabad, which is the capital city of Pakistan, varies from
2°C in the winter in January to 40°C in June. So the climate of Pakistan can
be called to be extreme. The average rainfall during monsoon is about 255
millimeters.

8. Pakistan Climate