Climate of pakistan

1. CLIMATE OF PAKISTAN

2. CLIMATE AND WEATHER
 Climate: Weather is generalization of the day to day weather
conditions over a long period of time usually thirty years.
 Weather: Weather refers to the atmospheric conditions of any
place for a short period of time (temporary changes in the
climate)

3. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN WEATHER
AND CLIMATE
WEATHER: Weather is
what conditions of the
atmosphere are over a
short period of time.
CLIMATE: Climate is
how the atmosphere
"behaves" over relatively
long periods of time.

4. SEASONS OF PAKISTAN
 Pakistan has four seasons
 Winter (mid December to March)
 Early summer (April to June)
 Late summer (July to September)
 Post monsoon (October to Mid December)

5. CONTINUE

6. RAINFALL
 The quantity of water, expressed in inches, precipitated as rain, snow,
hail, or sleet in a specified area and time interval.
 Only in a few northern areas humid conditions are found. The rainfall
in Pakistan is highest in northern areas decreases towards south.
 Sources of rainfall in Pakistan:
 Monsoon winds
 The Western Depression
 Convectional Currents
 Relief rainfall
 Tropical cyclones

7. MONSOON WINDS:
Monsoon winds are seasonal winds which blow during summer and
winter. The summer winds are called South-west monsoons and the
winter winds are called North-east monsoons.
South-west monsoon are giant sea breezes which bring rainfall. the
rains began when the ocean are less heated and land is more heated.
The air from the land rises developing a low pressure and it attracts the
cool air causing heavy rainfall.
North-east monsoons blow from the land towards the sea.

8. WESTERN DEPRESSION
 Western Depression are the cyclones which originate in
Mediterranean Sea, they travel across Afghanistan and Iran and
then reach the western part of Pakistan. The moisture in the air
is evaporated causing rainfall.

9. CONVECTIONAL CURRENTS
 Hot air rises during summer and when it reaches the high layer of
atmosphere, condensation takes place causing rainfall. Strong winds
accompanying the storms may pick up dust with them
 Only northern and north western areas of Pakistan receive rainfall
from Convectional currents. Southern Pakistan despite being more hot
then the northern areas experience less rainfall because of
temperature inversion layer.

10. RELIEF RAINFALL:
 Relief rainfall is related to the height of land.
 It occurs where moist unstable air moves up a mountain edge
and it is chilled, heavy condensation takes place and rainfall
occurs.

11. TROPICAL CYCLONES:
 Tropical cyclones bring heavy rainfall for few hours and can
cause a lot of destruction. They originate in Arabian Sea
quite often but rarely reach the coast of Pakistan. Therefore,
this source of rainfall is totally unreliable.

12. SOURCES OF RAINFALL:
 Relief rainfall
 Monsoon rainfall
 Thunderstorms
 Western Depression

13. RIVER FLOOD
 Overflow of large amount of water beyond its
normal limit, especially over what is normally dry
land.
 Rivers are considered by many people around the
country as the best place for economic
development. Excessive water in rivers bring flood

14. REASONS OF FLOODS
 The current flooding in Pakistan is mainly due to
climate change. monsoon rainfall produced the
huge volume of water in the northern
mountainous region of the country causing floods
in the Indus river basin.
 The wood is in demand and because of this there’s
excessive cutting of tress which increases surface
run off.

15. CONT,
 But because of increasing industrialization and urbanization the water
pollution is increasing threatening.
 The embankments around the river are not heightened, water easily
reaches the settlements.
 The dams don’t have much capacity to store water and because of this
extra water is not store causing flood.

16. WAYS TO REDUCE THE RISK OF
FLOODS
 Planting more trees in order to keep check of the flow of water
 Build levees in order to prevent the spread of floodwater
 Stop building on floodplains
 Build flood controlling Dams.
Building Canals (Drains of Extra Water).
Using less greenhouse gases and reducing pollution in order to stop
global warming which is one of the major causes of floods
 Prevent Soil Erosion.
Do not build on high flood risk area.
 Flood warning should be given through media
 Floodwater must be drained out and facilities to the refugees must be
provided

17. EFFECTS OF FLOOD
 The farmers aren’t able to use the land until the water drains; they face
destruction of crops and loss of food supplies. The load of river
improve the fertility of land
 the houses will cut off from the shops and services, mud houses are
damaged and water-borne diseases are spread
 The transport system is severely affected, roads and railway tracks are
damaged and old routes are arduous to follow because they are
drained with water.