Climate refers to long term weather patterns over a large area. Weather describes atmospheric conditions at a point in time. The climate of India is dominated by the monsoon regime. India's climate is influenced by factors like latitude, altitude, proximity to the sea, Himalayan mountains, and the distribution of land and water. Some key climatic elements include temperature variations between regions, seasonal shifts in wind and rainfall patterns, and diverse climatic zones ranging from the hot deserts to heavy rainfall regions.

3. Climate refers to the sum total of weather
condition and variation over a large area
for a long period of time.
Weather refers to the state of the
atmosphere over an area at any point of
time.the elements of weather and climate
are the same,temperature,atmospheric
pressure ,wind ,humidity and
precipitation.
The climate of india is described as the
monsoon.

4. FACTORS AFFECTING INDIAN CLIMATE
RELATED TO LOCATION RELATED TO AIR
& RELIEF PRESSURE & WIND
•Latitude Surface pressure & wind
•Altitude Upper air circulation
•Relief Western cyclones
•Distance from Sea
•The Himalayan Mt.
•Distribution of Land & water

5. Climatic Controls
• There are six major controls of the
climate of any places .
• They are : latitude, altitude pressure
and wind system, distance form the
sea, ocean currents and relief features .

6. Drass -450C in
December night
Tawang 190C in
550C temperature June
in June
Thar desert
Diurnal range of
temperature 300C
Jaisalmer
receives 9cm Cherrapunji &
rainfall Mawsynram have
1080cm rain
Tiruvanantapuram &
Chennai 200C in Kerala Diurnal
December night range of
temperature 80C
MONSOON REGIME IS THE UNITY OF INDIA

7. JET STREAM IN WINTER
TIBET

8. WITHDRAWAL OF MONSOON
pt.
Se
15 th
.
pt
th Se
7
.
pt
th Se
30 r
b er be
to o
c ct
th O th O
7 15

9. RHYTHM OF SEASONS
HOT WEATHER
HOT WEATHER RETREATING MONSOON
RETREATING MONSOON
COLD WEATHER ADVANCEING MONSOON
ADVANCEING MONSOON

10. HOT WEATHER SEASON
► It extends from March
to May.
► Vertical sun rays shift
towards Northern
hemisphere.
► Temperature rises May 480C
gradually from south
to north. April 380C
► Highest Temperature
experiences in
Karnataka in March,
March 300C
Madhya Pradesh in
April and Rajastan in
May.

11. RETREATING MONSOON SEASON
► It extends from October
to November
► Vertical sun rays start
shifting towards
Northern hemisphere.
► Low pressure region LOW PRESSURE
shift from northern parts
of India towards south.
► Owing to the conditions
of high temperature and
humidity, the weather
becomes rather
oppressive. This is
commonly known as the
‘October heat’
Rhythm of Seasons

12. • Parts of western coast and
northeastern India receive over about
400cm in of rainfall anually.It is less
than 60cm in western Rajasthan and
adjoining parts of Gujarat ,Haryana
and Punjab.While area of high
rainfalls are effected by floods area of
low rainfall are drought-prone.

13. DISTRIBUTION OF RAINFALL
> 200cm
100-200cm
50-100 cm
< 50cm

14. VARIABILITY OF RAINFALL
► The variability of rainfall is
computed with the help of
the following formula:
C.V.= Standard Deviation/
Mean * 100
► Variability of less than 25%
exist in Western coasts,
Western Ghats,
northeastern peninsula,
eastern plain of the Ganga,
northern India, Uttaranchal,
SW J & K & HP.
► Variability of more then 50%
found in Western Rajastan,
J & K and interior parts of
Deccan.
► Region with high rainfall has
less variability.