Pakistan is located in South Asia between 24.5-36.75 degrees north latitude and 61-75.5 degrees east longitude. It borders Afghanistan, Iran, China, and India. Pakistan has a varied climate due to its diverse geography. The country can be divided into four main climatic zones - the highland zone in the north which experiences cold winters and mild summers, the arid zone in the southeast which is very hot and dry, the lowland zone along the Indus River plain which is semi-arid to arid, and the coastal zone in the south along the Arabian Sea which has a maritime climate with high humidity. Rainfall in Pakistan varies significantly between these zones, with the
Climate
Climate and weather of Pakistan
Factors affecting climate in Pakistan(Rainfall)
WESTERN DEPRESSIONS
CYCLONES
CLIMATIC REGIONS OF PAKISTAN
1.Arid (Baluchistan Plateau & Thar Desert)
2. Semi-arid (Upper & lower Indus Plain)
3. Coastal Areas
4. Highlands
HOW THE HUMAN ACTIVITIES AFFECT THE CLIMATE
A full teaching learning slides on climate of Pakistan aimed for the support of 0 level students and teachers in the subject Environment of Pakistan 2059/2
Climate
Climate and weather of Pakistan
Factors affecting climate in Pakistan(Rainfall)
WESTERN DEPRESSIONS
CYCLONES
CLIMATIC REGIONS OF PAKISTAN
1.Arid (Baluchistan Plateau & Thar Desert)
2. Semi-arid (Upper & lower Indus Plain)
3. Coastal Areas
4. Highlands
HOW THE HUMAN ACTIVITIES AFFECT THE CLIMATE
A full teaching learning slides on climate of Pakistan aimed for the support of 0 level students and teachers in the subject Environment of Pakistan 2059/2
This presentation have all what you need to present about Monsoon winds, even it's types.
If you want to learn geophysics/geology
visit my blog
http://geophysicsdiary.blogspot.com/
Grade 10 ICSE Geography Project on the various climatic regions present around the world, on planet Earth.
Grade 9 Geography Project
Copyright (c) 2021 - 2022 Ishan Ketan Bhavsar
TO BE USED FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSE ONLY.
This presentation have all what you need to present about Monsoon winds, even it's types.
If you want to learn geophysics/geology
visit my blog
http://geophysicsdiary.blogspot.com/
Grade 10 ICSE Geography Project on the various climatic regions present around the world, on planet Earth.
Grade 9 Geography Project
Copyright (c) 2021 - 2022 Ishan Ketan Bhavsar
TO BE USED FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSE ONLY.
India is home to an extraordinary variety of climatic regions, ranging from tropical in the south to temperate in the Himalayan north, where elevated regions receive sustained winter snowfall. The nation's climate is strongly influenced by the Himalayas and the Thar Desert.Though the Tropic of Cancer—the boundary between the tropics and subtropics—passes through the middle of India, the bulk of the country can be regarded as climatically tropical.
Class IX - Climate
This lesson throws light upon the details of lesson climate, of CBSE board.
This ppt can be used to revise the lesson in a better manner.
it has details on coriolis force, ferrel's law, monsoon winds
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
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and write to us if you have any questions:
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Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
4. GEOGRAPHY OF PAKISTAN
• The Islamic republic of Pakistan is situated between
24.50 and 36.75 latitude north and 61 to 75.5
longitudes east
• country located in the mountainous region adjoining
central Asia and the middle east
• 796,096 sq km, Pakistan is the world’s 36th largest
country
7. NEIGHBOURING COUNTRY
AFGHANISTAN
• To the west of Pakistan
• has deep historical and geographical ties with
Pakistan
• linked together in religious, racial and cultural
bounds
• Bordered is 2250 Km long , fixed in 1893 by
British government ,called DURAND LINE.
8. ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN
• To south west
• brotherly relations
• Both country cooperate in defense and
economic
• The boundary with Iran is 912 km (566.7 mi)
fix In 1957.
9. REPUBLIC OF CHINA
• To the north of Pakistan
• Friendly relations
• Silk road is constructed to strengthen the
relation
• Border is 510 km (316.9 mi). was decided 03-03-
1963
• To the west of china boundary meets with
Afghanistan's area at ‘wakhan’ which separates
Pakistan and the Muslim republic of Tajikistan.
10. INDIA
• To the east of pakistan
• The relations between the two are not cordial
• Injustice in partition creates tension about
states of jammu & kashmir
• Boundary is 2912 kilometers long and not
straight and natural.
11. ARABIAN SEA
• To The South Of Pakistan
• Coastline Is 1046 Km Long
• Links Pakistan With The Arab Countries And
International Politics.
12. CLIMATE AND WEATHER
• Climate: Weather is generalization of the day
to day weather conditions over a long period
of time usually thirty years.
• Weather: Weather refers to the atmospheric
conditions of any place for a short period of
time (temporary changes in the climate).
13. SEASONS OF PAKISTAN
• Pakistan has four seasons
• Winter (mid December to March)
• Early summer (April to June)
• Late summer (July to September)
• Post monsoon (October to Mid December).
14. RAINFALL
• The quantity of water, expressed in inches, precipitated as
rain, snow, hail, or sleet in a specified area and time
interval.
• Only in a few northern areas humid conditions are found.
The rainfall in Pakistan is highest in northern areas
decreases towards south.
Sources of rainfall in Pakistan:
• Monsoon winds
• The Western Depression
• Convectional Currents
• Relief rainfall
• Tropical cyclones.
15. MOONSOON WINDS:
• Monsoon winds are seasonal winds which blow
during summer and winter. The summer winds
are called South-west monsoons and the winter
winds are called North-east monsoons.
• South-west monsoon are giant sea breezes which
bring rainfall. the rains began when the ocean are
less heated and land is more heated. The air from
the land rises developing a low pressure and it
attracts the cool air causing heavy rainfall.
• North-east monsoons blow from the land
towards the sea.
16. WESTERN DEPRESSION
• Western Depression are the cyclones which
originate in Mediterranean Sea, they travel
across Afghanistan and Iran and then reach
the western part of Pakistan. The moisture in
the air is evaporated causing rainfall.
17. CONVECTIONAL CURRENTS
• Hot air rises during summer and when it
reaches the high layer of atmosphere,
condensation takes place causing rainfall.
Strong winds accompanying the storms may
pick up dust with them
• Only northern and north western areas of
Pakistan receive rainfall from Convectional
currents. Southern Pakistan despite being
more hot then the northern areas experience
less rainfall because of temperature inversion
layer.
18. RELIEF RAINFALL
• Relief rainfall is related to the height of land. It
occurs where moist unstable air moves up a
mountain edge and it is chilled, heavy
condensation takes place and rainfall occurs.
19. TROPICAL CYCLONES
• Tropical cyclones bring heavy rainfall for few
hours and can cause a lot of destruction. They
originate in Arabian Sea quite often but rarely
reach the coast of Pakistan. Therefore, this
source of rainfall is totally unreliable.
20. CLIMCATIC ZONE OF PAKISTAN
• Highland Zone:
• Region: Northern, north western and western
highlands.
• Areas: Chitral, Murree, Muzzafarabad, Drosh,
Quetta, Kalat, Parachinar, Waziristan
• Climate: the winters are long, cold and snowy
and summers remain short and mild
• Rainfall is normally associated with altitude.
Rainfall in Northern Mountain is highest in the
highland zone. Rainfall in the western mountain is
less
• The temperature conditions also vary from north
to west depending on the altitude.
21. ARID ZONE
• Regions: south-eastern desert, and south-western
Balochistan
• Areas: Kharran Desert south-western Balochistan,
south-eastern desert.
• Climate:
• It is markedly dry and hot. Hot dusty winds prevail
continuously from mid –May to mid-September, rainfall
takes place during winter season in south-western
Balochistan, in south eastern desert monsoons bring
little rainfall. Extreme heat, dust storms are the main
features of this arid climate.
• Winters are cool-mild because of low angle of sun,
summers are hot because of high angle of sun.
Summers are very hot during the day.
22. Lowland Zone – Semi arid to arid
• Region: Indus plain except the Coastal areas.
• Areas: Islamabad, Sialkot, Sarghoda, Multan,
Jacobabad, and Sukkur
• Climate:
• It has arid and extreme climate with hot
summers, cool winters and summer monsoon
rainfall.
• Thunderstorms are also common in north and
north-west of the Indus plain. The upper Indus
plain and Lower Indus plain there’s less rainfall
and spells of very high temperature.
• Winters are cool-mild because of low angle of sun
and continental effect and summers are hot due
to high angle of sun and continental effect.
23. COSTAL ZONE
• Region: Indus Delta, Karachi and Makran coast
• Areas: Karachi, Jiwani, Pasni, Ormara and Gwadar
• Climate:
• The climate is dominated by sea breezes throughout the
year; the maritime influence keeps the daily temperature
low. The temperature on land and sea is different; land and
water absorb the sun’s heat and water and also radiate it.
In summer the land heats up, while ocean remains cool. In
winter the land loses heat quickly and becomes cold while
ocean remains hot.
• The humidity level is usually high, more than 50% from
April to September. Means monthly temperature is 32۫C
and May, June and October are the hottest month.
• During October the climate is dominated by dry winds from
south-eastern desert. Rainfall is scanty; the rainfall is
experienced during monsoon season.
24. FACTOR EFFECTING TEMPRETURE OF
PAKISTAN
• Latitudinal effect:
• The areas that lie near the equator encounter more amounts of sun rays
than the areas that don’t lie near the equator. Southern Pakistan receives
more amounts of sun rays as compared to Northern Pakistan.
• Continental effect:
• The areas that are away from the sea are unaffected by maritime
influence, consequently; they are more hot as compared to areas near
sea. Winters are extreme and summer temperatures are quite severe
• Altitude and temperature
• Cloud cover and temperature
• In daytime cloud cover reduces the amount of heat by reflecting the heat
back to the space but in night time it traps the out going heat and because
of this the cloudy nights are warm.
• Latitude and angle of sun
• The sun rays don’t fall at the same angle everywhere.
• During summer, the northern hemisphere is tilted towards the sun and the
northern areas of Pakistan absorb more heat because of high angle of sun,
during winter the northern hemisphere is tilted away from the sun and
the northern areas experience sun for shorter duration.