This document provides information about paints and varnishes. It discusses the components of paints like pigments, binders, solvents, and additives. It describes the manufacturing process of paints and different types of paints like water based, oil based, interior, and exterior paints. It also discusses characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of paints. The document also provides details about types of varnishes, the varnishing process, and characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of varnishes.

1. Guided By – Ar. Devyani
Totla
Presented by :
EKTA PATEKAR
TEJASHREE PATIL
SINDHU NAMWAD
PALLAVI DESHMUKH
RUCHIKA DESALE

2. Paints
• Paints are typically consist of pigments, resin, solvent
and additives. Pigments to provide colour, hiding and
control and gloss.
• Paint is just a colour though it is a material that just
applied as a liquid and dries a variety of chemical
processes to a solid.
• We apply paint for :
• Decoration
• Protection
• Identification
• sanitation

3. Contents of Paints
• Pigment : prime pigment to impact the colour and opacity.
• Binder (resins): a polymer, often referred it as resin, forming a matrix to hold
the pigment.
• Solvent(sometime called thinner): either an organic solvent or water is used
to educed the vicious city of the paint for better application.
• Extender: a larger pigment particle added to improve adhesion , strengthen
the film.
• Additives: used to modify the properties of liquid paint or dry film.

4. Manufacturing Process
1. Accurate measurement of ingredients : Ingredients are typically measured by
weight on scales and in some cases by volume and gradated measuring
containers for batches of about 4000 litres. Greater accuracy of small
additions is required highly accurate floor scales are used.
2. Mill base preparation and pigments dispersion : High speed mixers are used
for combining ingredients and dispersing the pigments.
3. Let down : Resin, solvent and additives are combined and mixed this is
called as Let down.
4. Finished product and in process laboratory testing : Product quality is
monitored throughout the manufacturing process by the product verification
lab. The completed batch is (Mill base + let down + any final addition)is
thoroughly tested.

5. 5. Canning : when testing is completed the batch is passed for canning. The final inspection
sample tested in lab to guarantee conformance to standards and specifications such as
APAS, Environmental Choice, etc. after the final stage of testing is complete the batch is
passed for use

6. Classification of Paints
PAINTS
Interior
Walls
- Distemper
- Luster
- Enamel
- Emulsion
Metals
- Enamel
Exterior
- Emulsion
- Textured
- Cement

7. Classification of paint
Paint
Water
Based
Oil Based

8. Water Based Paints (Shades and Tints)
1. Economy Paint :
• It is normal paint.
• Generally it gives matte finish.
• Durable for 3 to 5yrs.
• cost 160rs/ltr.
2. Premium Paint :
• Generally it gives glossy look.
• It is heat resistance.
• Durable for 5to 7yrs.
• Cost 200-220rs/ltr.
3. Luxury paint :
• It is anti algae paint.
• It Is heat resistance.
• Durable for 10 to 12 yrs.
• Cost 300-400rs/ltr.
4. Ultra luxury :
• It is smooth paint.
• It is odourless. Generally used in interior
• It lasts for 10-12 yrs.
• Cost 400-600 rs/ltr.

9. Advantages
• Doesn’t require a pre-treatment.
• Easy cleanup with water.
• Quick drying.
• An elastic , flexible finish resistant to
cracking.
• Can be used on almost all surfaces.
• Stable color over time , doesn’t yellow
or fade in sunlight.
Disadvantages
• It has semi transparent finish.
• Not durable unless it baked in enamel.
• Flecks off when the surface is uneven.
• When doing multi colours, you will
need to cover up the areas you do not
want to colour.

10. Oil Based Paints
• Oil based paint can be used on almost all surfaces , and is praised for its
high durability and rich finish.
• Still, be cautious, as oil paint emits strong fumes that can be overwhelming,
and the paint cannot be washed with water.

11. Advantages
• Walls can easily cleaned after being
painted.
• It can resist stains.
• It may resist chips and mars.
• Covers some wall imperfection.
• It can be purchased from high gloss to
flat finish.
• It may not need prime coat for further
painting.
Disadvantages
• It can discolour if applied on masonry.
• It has an odour when newly applied.
• Fades fast than normal paint.
• Thinned with solvent, therefore more
costly.
• Highly flammable.
• It requires solvent to clean brushes
after use.
• It may become shiny after cleaning.

12. Preparation before
painting
1. Sanding the surface
2. Cracks filling
3. First primer coat
4. Check for surface imperfection
5. Putti coat
6. Second coat of primer
7. Final sanding
8. First coat of finish paint
9. Final coat

13. Characteristics of Paints
• It should have a good spreading power that is maximum area of surface should be
covered .
• Paint should be cheap and economical.
• It should be easily and freely applied on the surface .
• It should be dries in specific time and not too rapidly .
• It should form hard and durable surface .
• It should not affect health of applicator during its application.
• Paint should not be affected by weather.
• It should be attractive and pleasing appearance
• The surface coated with paint should not show crack when the paint dries and
maintained for a long time.

14. Advantages
• Increase the value of your home.
• Hide permanent marks and other flaws.
• Keep your surfaces well protected.
• Liquid coating can be smoother than powder coating.
• Protects wall from damages.
• Improves wall appearance.
• Prevention from rust and corrosion.
• Weather resistance.
• Thermal breakdown.
• enhance productivity
• Ease of maintenance

15. Disadvantages
• Paints are not environment friendly to both human and atmosphere due to
volatile organic compounds they contain.
• The defect of cracking occurs when the film of paint has not adequate
flexibility to move with thermal or moisture movements in the surface.
• The efflorescence or crystalline deposit are sometime seen on the finished
surfaces which are due to some external factor like highly saline
atmosphere.

16. Varnish
• Varnish is traditionally a combination of a drying oil, a resin, and
a thinner or solvent.
• Varnish finishes are usually glossy.
• It is transparent in color.
• Varnish is a transparent, hard ,protective finish or film that is primarily
used in wood finishing.
• It is also use for other materials.

17. Types of Varnishes
1. The linseed oil is used as solvent in this type of varnish.
2. The hard resins such as amber and copal are dissolved in linseed oil and if the varnish is not
workable, a small quantity of turpentine is added.
3. The oil varnishes dry slowly, but they hard and durable surface.
• Spirit varnishes
1. The methylated spirits of wine are used as solvent in this type of varnish.
2. The resins are of soft variety such as lac or shellac.
3. The spirit varnishes dry quickly. But they are not durable and are easily affected by
weathering actions.
4. They are generally used for furniture.
• Oil varnishes

18. • Turpentine varnishes
1. The turpentine is used as solvent in this type of varnish.
2. The resins adopted are of soft variety such as gum dammar, mastic and
rosin
3. These varnishes dry quickly and possess light color.
4. They are not durable and tough as oil varnishes.
• Water varnishes
1. The shellac is dissolved in hot water and enough quantity of either ammonia or
potash
or soda, borax is added such that shellac is dissolved.
2. Varnishes are used for varnishing map , pictures, etc.

19. Process of Varnishing
1. Preparation of surface : the woodwork is thoroughly rubbled down by means of
sand paper or pumice stone. The surface is then made smooth and clean.
2. Knotting : The process of knotting is then carried out as in case of painting.
3. Stopping : The surface of woodwork is then stopped. This is done by means of
hot wear
glue size. It will fill up the pores on the surface.
4. Coasts of varnish : the varnish is then applied on the surface in thin coats. The
next coat is applied after the previous one has thoroughly dried up. The
varnishing
should not be done with ordinary paint brushes. But fine haired varnishing
brushes
should be used.

20. Characteristics of varnish
• It should render the surface glossy.
• It should dry rapidly and present a finished surface which is uniform in
nature and
pleasing in appearance.
• The color of varnish should not fade away when the surface is exposed to
the
atmospheric actions.
• The protecting film developed by varnish should be tough , hard and
durable.
• It should not shrink or show cracks after drying.

21. Advantages of varnish
• Provides radiant beauty to the surface.
• It helps in protecting the surface by binding the surface.
• It helps to prevent hairline cracks and absorb the effects of scratching and external
damage.
• It helps in reducing the transfer of moisture between the wood.
• It provides the softness and lasting flexibility.

22. Disadvantages of varnish
• React to moisture.
• Costly to purchase.
• They become yellowish after a certain time.
• They are highly flammable in their liquid state due to the presence of flammable
solvent and oils.
• It has a slow drying time.
• This depends on the oil content , the less oil the faster the drying time.