This document contains a dictionary that maps nucleotide sequences to amino acids. It defines the genetic code by listing the 3-letter codon sequences and their corresponding single-letter amino acid abbreviations. The document also contains some example nucleotide sequences and a prompt to find the answer in the file ultimate-sequence.txt.
The Key Difference between a List and a Tuple. The main difference between lists and a tuples is the fact that lists are mutable whereas tuples are immutable. A mutable data type means that a python object of this type can be modified. Let's create a list and assign it to a variable.
Beginning Haskell, Dive In, Its Not That Scary!priort
Haskell can get a bit of a reputation for being this lofty, academic, difficult to learn language. This talk aims to dispel this myth and offer an introduction to this beautiful and pragmatic language. From the point of view of someone who has been functional programming in Scala and Clojure for a while now, but who has, more recently been taking a dive into Haskell, this talk will give a basic introduction to Haskell. Hopefully it will encourage anyone who hasn't tried functional programming in Haskell to dive in too and give it a go.
The talk will be a whistle stop tour of some functional programming fundamentals in Haskell from basic data structures, logic constructs, functional transformations, recursion to some of the basics of Haskell's type system with data declarations and type classes.
A tour of Python: slides from presentation given in 2012.
[Some slides are not properly rendered in SlideShare: the original is still available at http://www.aleksa.org/2015/04/python-presentation_7.html.]
R is a language and environment for statistical computing and graphics. R is free, this slide is for beginner. start from the basic first. variables, data structure, reading data, chart, function, conditional statement, iteration, grouping, reshape, string operations.
The Key Difference between a List and a Tuple. The main difference between lists and a tuples is the fact that lists are mutable whereas tuples are immutable. A mutable data type means that a python object of this type can be modified. Let's create a list and assign it to a variable.
Beginning Haskell, Dive In, Its Not That Scary!priort
Haskell can get a bit of a reputation for being this lofty, academic, difficult to learn language. This talk aims to dispel this myth and offer an introduction to this beautiful and pragmatic language. From the point of view of someone who has been functional programming in Scala and Clojure for a while now, but who has, more recently been taking a dive into Haskell, this talk will give a basic introduction to Haskell. Hopefully it will encourage anyone who hasn't tried functional programming in Haskell to dive in too and give it a go.
The talk will be a whistle stop tour of some functional programming fundamentals in Haskell from basic data structures, logic constructs, functional transformations, recursion to some of the basics of Haskell's type system with data declarations and type classes.
A tour of Python: slides from presentation given in 2012.
[Some slides are not properly rendered in SlideShare: the original is still available at http://www.aleksa.org/2015/04/python-presentation_7.html.]
R is a language and environment for statistical computing and graphics. R is free, this slide is for beginner. start from the basic first. variables, data structure, reading data, chart, function, conditional statement, iteration, grouping, reshape, string operations.
This is the presentation for the three-session intermediate Python programming course which I developed and successfully presented for the CoderDojo workshop held in Microsoft Silicon Valley in March 2016.
Introduction to the Python programming language (version 2.x)
Ambient intelligence: technology and design
http://bit.ly/polito-ami
Politecnico di Torino, 2015
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
7. GitHub: Hosted GIT
• Largest open source git hosting site
• Public and private options
• User-centric rather than project-centric
• http://github.ugent.be (use your Ugent
login and password)
• URI (also on minerva)
– https://github.ugent.be/wvcrieki/Bioinfo
rmatics_2017.py.git
9. range
The range function specifies a range of integers:
range(start, stop) - the integers between start (inclusive)
and stop (exclusive)
It can also accept a third value specifying the change between values.
range(start, stop, step) - the integers between start (inclusive)
and stop (exclusive) by step
Example:
for x in range(5, 0, -1):
print x
print "Blastoff!"
Output:
5
4
3
2
1
Blastoff!
10. Grouping Indentation
In Python:
for i in range(20):
if i%3 == 0:
print (i)
if i%5 == 0:
print ("Bingo!”)
print ("---”)
0
Bingo!
---
---
---
3
---
---
---
6
---
---
---
9
---
---
---
12
---
---
---
15
Bingo!
---
---
---
18
---
---
11. while
while loop: Executes a group of statements as long as a
condition is True.
good for indefinite loops (repeat an unknown number of times)
Syntax:
while condition:
statements
Example:
number = 1
while number < 200:
print number,
number = number * 2
Output:
1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128
12. if
if statement: Executes a group of
statements only if a certain condition
is true. Otherwise, the statements are
skipped.
Syntax:
if condition:
statements
Example:
gpa = 3.4
if gpa > 2.0:
print "Your application is accepted."
13. if/else
if/else statement: Executes one block of statements if a certain
condition is True, and a second block of statements if it is False.
Syntax:
if condition:
statements
else:
statements
Example:
gpa = 1.4
if gpa > 2.0:
print "Welcome to Mars University!"
else:
print "Your application is denied."
Multiple conditions can be chained with elif ("else if"):
if condition:
statements
elif condition:
statements
else:
statements
14. Logic
Many logical expressions use relational operators:
Logical expressions can be combined with logical operators:
Operator Example Result
and 9 != 6 and 2 < 3 True
or 2 == 3 or -1 < 5 True
not not 7 > 0 False
Operator Meaning Example Result
== equals 1 + 1 == 2 True
!= does not equal 3.2 != 2.5 True
< less than 10 < 5 False
> greater than 10 > 5 True
<= less than or equal to 126 <= 100 False
>= greater than or equal to 5.0 >= 5.0 True
15. import random
print ("Let's calculate Pin")
c=0
maxx=1000
for l in range(1,maxx):
# print ("We're generating point %d" % (l))
x = random.uniform(0,1)
y = random.uniform(0,1)
# print ("(" + str(x) + "," + str(y) + ")",end="n")
r = x*x + y*y
# print ("r = " + str(r))
if r < 1:
# print ("In the circle",end="n")
c+=1
p = float(c)*4/float(l)
print ("Pi estimate after " + str(maxx) + " iterations = " + str(p) + "n")
16. PI-thon.py
Introduction
Buffon's Needle is one of the oldest problems
in the field of geometrical probability. It
was first stated in 1777. It involves
dropping a needle on a lined sheet of paper
and determining the probability of the
needle crossing one of the lines on the page.
The remarkable result is that the probability
is directly related to the value of pi.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vws1jvM
bs64&feature=youtu.be
17. Python Videos
http://python.org/
- documentation, tutorials, beginners guide, core
distribution, ...
Books include:
Learning Python by Mark Lutz
Python Essential Reference by David Beazley
Python Cookbook, ed. by Martelli, Ravenscroft and
Ascher
18. Overview
What is Python ?
Why Python 4 Bioinformatics ?
How to Python
IDE: Eclipse & PyDev / Athena
Code Sharing: Git(hub)
Strings
19. string: A sequence of text characters in a program.
Strings start and end with quotation mark " or apostrophe ' characters.
Examples:
"hello"
"This is a string"
"This, too, is a string. It can be very long!"
A string may not span across multiple lines or contain a " character.
"This is not
a legal String."
"This is not a "legal" String either."
A string can represent characters by preceding them with a backslash.
t tab character
n new line character
" quotation mark character
backslash character
Example: "HellottherenHow are you?"
Strings
20. Indexes
Characters in a string are numbered with indexes starting at 0:
Example:
name = "P. Diddy"
Accessing an individual character of a string:
variableName [ index ]
Example:
print name, "starts with", name[0]
Output:
P. Diddy starts with P
index 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
character P . D i d d y
22. String properties
len(string) - number of characters in a string
(including spaces)
str.lower(string) - lowercase version of a string
str.upper(string) - uppercase version of a string
Example:
name = "Martin Douglas Stepp"
length = len(name)
big_name = str.upper(name)
print big_name, "has", length,
"characters"
Output:
MARTIN DOUGLAS STEPP has 20 characters
a.replace
23. Text processing
text processing: Examining, editing, formatting
text.
often uses loops that examine the characters of a string
one by one
A for loop can examine each character in a string
in sequence.
Example:
for c in "booyah":
print c
Output:
b
o
o
y
a
h
24. Strings and numbers
ord(text) - converts a string into a number.
Example: ord("a") is 97, ord("b") is 98, ...
Characters map to numbers using standardized mappings such
as ASCII and Unicode.
chr(number) - converts a number into a string.
Example: chr(99) is "c"
Exercise: Write a program that performs a rotation cypher.
e.g. "Attack" when rotated by 1 becomes "buubdl"
25. Lists
• Flexible arrays, not Lisp-like linked
lists
• a = [99, "bottles of beer", ["on", "the",
"wall"]]
• Same operators as for strings
• a+b, a*3, a[0], a[-1], a[1:], len(a)
• Item and slice assignment
• a[0] = 98
• a[1:2] = ["bottles", "of", "beer"]
-> [98, "bottles", "of", "beer", ["on", "the", "wall"]]
• del a[-1] # -> [98, "bottles", "of", "beer"]
28. More Dictionary Ops
• Keys, values, items:
• d.keys() -> ["duck", "back"]
• d.values() -> ["duik", "rug"]
• d.items() -> [("duck","duik"),
("back","rug")]
• Presence check:
• d.has_key("duck") -> 1; d.has_key("spam") -
> 0
• Values of any type; keys almost any
• {"name":"Guido", "age":43,
("hello","world"):1,
42:"yes", "flag": ["red","white","blue"]}
29. Dictionary Details
• Keys must be immutable:
– numbers, strings, tuples of immutables
• these cannot be changed after creation
– reason is hashing (fast lookup technique)
– not lists or other dictionaries
• these types of objects can be changed "in
place"
– no restrictions on values
• Keys will be listed in arbitrary order
– again, because of hashing