The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
An efficient automotive collision avoidance system for indian traffic conditionseSAT Journals
Abstract The execution of a wide-ranging accident cautioning system is being visualised by ACAS Program, which is proficient in perceiving and cautioning the driver of potential hazard conditions forward, on the side, and rear sections of the vehicle. The structure would use: (a) long array sensor or visual devices to identify probable hazards in front of the vehicle, (2) short range sensors to caution the driver of nearby objects while changing traffic lanes or backing up, and (3) a track exposure arrangement to alert the motorist when the vehicle deviates from the intended traffic lane. Accident Prevention organisms, as a consequent step to collision mitigation, are one of the Great challenges in the area of active safety for road vehicles. The task of a collision avoidance system is to track objects of potential collision threat and govern any action to evade or diminish a crash. The main focus is how to make decisions based on ambiguous evaluations and in the presence of numerous hurdles. The first step in CA (Collision Avoidance) systems for automotive applications is adaptive cruise control (ACC). The ability of the car to protect its passengers is sometimes called crashworthiness. Generally, a CM (Collision Mitigation) system tries to reduce the severity of the accident as much as possible under some constraints. The situation may be observed with detector sensors, laser radar, vision sensors, ultrasonic sensors, GPS sensors and inter-vehicle communication. FCM (Forward Collision Mitigation) systems mainly try to avoid or mitigate frontal collisions. The CA decision is based on the current position estimate of the host vehicle and those of other objects. The focus is towards the method for determining the threat of a collision given that the state of other objects is known. Two collision mitigation by braking systems are considered for study. One system uses the probability of collision, to decide when to perform braking interventions. The other system has a multiple obstacle decision. The scenarios that are calculated in this segment are primarily those where a CMbB has a large potential of significantly reducing the collision speed. Therefore, the test results of main interest is those between 0 and 70 km/h also for simulations. Hence, this ACAS Program detects the potential hazards, warns the driver and takes action to avoid or mitigate a collision. Keywords: Collision Warning, Decision Making, Collision Mitigation Braking, Tracking Sensors
Real time detection system of driver distraction.pdfReena_Jadhav
There is accumulating evidence that driver distrac- tion is a leading cause of vehicle crashes and incidents. In par- ticular, increased use of so-called in-vehicle information systems (IVIS) have raised important and growing safety concerns. Thus, detecting the driver’s state is of paramount importance, to adapt IVIS, therefore avoiding or mitigating their possible negative effects. The purpose of this presentation is to show a method for the nonintrusive and real- time detection of visual distraction, using vehicle dynamics data and without using the eye-tracker data as inputs to classifiers. Specifically, we present and compare different models that are based on well-known machine learning (ML) methods. Data for training the models were collected using a static driving simulator, with real human subjects performing a specific secondary task [i.e., a surrogate visual research task (SURT)] while driving. Different training methods, model characteristics, and feature selection criteria have been compared. Based on our results, using a BSN has outperformed all the other ML methods, providing the highest classification rate for most of the subjects.
Index Terms—Accident prevention, artificial intelligence and machine learning (ML), driver distraction and inattention, intel- ligent supporting systems.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
An efficient automotive collision avoidance system for indian traffic conditionseSAT Journals
Abstract The execution of a wide-ranging accident cautioning system is being visualised by ACAS Program, which is proficient in perceiving and cautioning the driver of potential hazard conditions forward, on the side, and rear sections of the vehicle. The structure would use: (a) long array sensor or visual devices to identify probable hazards in front of the vehicle, (2) short range sensors to caution the driver of nearby objects while changing traffic lanes or backing up, and (3) a track exposure arrangement to alert the motorist when the vehicle deviates from the intended traffic lane. Accident Prevention organisms, as a consequent step to collision mitigation, are one of the Great challenges in the area of active safety for road vehicles. The task of a collision avoidance system is to track objects of potential collision threat and govern any action to evade or diminish a crash. The main focus is how to make decisions based on ambiguous evaluations and in the presence of numerous hurdles. The first step in CA (Collision Avoidance) systems for automotive applications is adaptive cruise control (ACC). The ability of the car to protect its passengers is sometimes called crashworthiness. Generally, a CM (Collision Mitigation) system tries to reduce the severity of the accident as much as possible under some constraints. The situation may be observed with detector sensors, laser radar, vision sensors, ultrasonic sensors, GPS sensors and inter-vehicle communication. FCM (Forward Collision Mitigation) systems mainly try to avoid or mitigate frontal collisions. The CA decision is based on the current position estimate of the host vehicle and those of other objects. The focus is towards the method for determining the threat of a collision given that the state of other objects is known. Two collision mitigation by braking systems are considered for study. One system uses the probability of collision, to decide when to perform braking interventions. The other system has a multiple obstacle decision. The scenarios that are calculated in this segment are primarily those where a CMbB has a large potential of significantly reducing the collision speed. Therefore, the test results of main interest is those between 0 and 70 km/h also for simulations. Hence, this ACAS Program detects the potential hazards, warns the driver and takes action to avoid or mitigate a collision. Keywords: Collision Warning, Decision Making, Collision Mitigation Braking, Tracking Sensors
Real time detection system of driver distraction.pdfReena_Jadhav
There is accumulating evidence that driver distrac- tion is a leading cause of vehicle crashes and incidents. In par- ticular, increased use of so-called in-vehicle information systems (IVIS) have raised important and growing safety concerns. Thus, detecting the driver’s state is of paramount importance, to adapt IVIS, therefore avoiding or mitigating their possible negative effects. The purpose of this presentation is to show a method for the nonintrusive and real- time detection of visual distraction, using vehicle dynamics data and without using the eye-tracker data as inputs to classifiers. Specifically, we present and compare different models that are based on well-known machine learning (ML) methods. Data for training the models were collected using a static driving simulator, with real human subjects performing a specific secondary task [i.e., a surrogate visual research task (SURT)] while driving. Different training methods, model characteristics, and feature selection criteria have been compared. Based on our results, using a BSN has outperformed all the other ML methods, providing the highest classification rate for most of the subjects.
Index Terms—Accident prevention, artificial intelligence and machine learning (ML), driver distraction and inattention, intel- ligent supporting systems.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Vehicle technology has increased rapidly in recent years, particularly in relation
to braking system and sensing system. In parallel to the development of braking
technologies, sensors have been developed that are capable of detecting physical obstacles,
other vehicles or pedestrians around the vehicle. This development prevents accidents of
vehicles using Stereo Multi-Purpose cameras, Automated Emergency Braking Systems and
Ultrasonic Sensors. The stereo multi-purpose camera provides spatial intelligence of up to
50 metres in front of the vehicle and there is an environment recognition of 500 metres.
Cars can automatically brake due to obstacles or any hindrance when the sensor senses the
obstacles. The braking circuit function is to brake the car automatically after receiving
signal from the sensors. All cars are competent in applying brakes automatically to a
maximum extent of deceleration of 0.4g. Integrated safety systems are based on three
principles. They are: collision avoidance, collision mitigation braking systems and forward
collision warning.
This presentation basically talks about the anti collision technology which is particularly implemented in cars in which cars are developed with anti collision technology which reduces the collision between them.
Smart vehicle and smart signboard system with zonal speed regulationIAEME Publication
To control the accident highway department have placed the signboards. Increasing number of accidents at busy junctions are a major threat faced by today’s world. Nowadays people are driving very fast; we lost our valuable life by making small mistake while driving (school zone, hills area, and highways). Most of accidents are occur due to two wheelers Speed control is required at busy junctions.
ACTIVE SAFETY CONTROL TECHNIQUE TO PREVENT VEHICLE CRASHINGP singh
Alertness during driving is a key aspect. Even a small distraction for the driver may lead to genuine mishaps. The possible reasons can be obstacle, inadequate vehicle control system or human reflexes (e.g. shock) during sudden distraction. Therefore "Active" and "Passive" systems for vehicle control play a significant role in automotive safety. In this paper, we have discussed an active control technique to prevent the vehicle from crashing. Three different cases of vehicle speed are considered. The presented technique is designed to evaluate the possibility of collision for both front and rear side. The control action will be taken for safe and smooth driving under different situations like parking, urban driving and highway driving.
Ultrasonic automatic braking system in cars by Accelerator Disengagement Mech...Arvind Srivastava
The Ultrasonic Automatic Braking System in cars is a safety measure which can be implemented to apply the brakes suddenly in case of collision. Accelerator disengagement mechanism uses a servo motor and an additional link which shuts down the throttle valve to disengage accelerator and then the brakes.
Driver Fatigue Monitoring System Using Eye ClosureIJMER
Abstract: Now-a-days so many road accidents occur due to driver distraction while he is driving. Those accidents are broadly depends upon wide range of driver state such as drowsy state, alcoholic state, depressed state etc. Even driver distraction and conversation with passengers during driving can lead in major problems. To address the problem we propose a Driver fatigue Monitoring and
warning system based on eye-tracking, which is consider as active safety system. This system is useful and helpful for drivers to be alert while driving. Eye tracking is one of the major technologies for future driver system since human eyes contains much information. Sleepiness reduces reaction time of safe driving. The driver distraction is measured by the person eye closure rate for certain period while driving. It is implemented by comparing the image extracted from video and the video that is currently
performing. The percentage of eyes is compared from both the frames, if the driver is suspected to be sleeping then a warning alarm is given to alert the driver
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Vehicle technology has increased rapidly in recent years, particularly in relation
to braking system and sensing system. In parallel to the development of braking
technologies, sensors have been developed that are capable of detecting physical obstacles,
other vehicles or pedestrians around the vehicle. This development prevents accidents of
vehicles using Stereo Multi-Purpose cameras, Automated Emergency Braking Systems and
Ultrasonic Sensors. The stereo multi-purpose camera provides spatial intelligence of up to
50 metres in front of the vehicle and there is an environment recognition of 500 metres.
Cars can automatically brake due to obstacles or any hindrance when the sensor senses the
obstacles. The braking circuit function is to brake the car automatically after receiving
signal from the sensors. All cars are competent in applying brakes automatically to a
maximum extent of deceleration of 0.4g. Integrated safety systems are based on three
principles. They are: collision avoidance, collision mitigation braking systems and forward
collision warning.
This presentation basically talks about the anti collision technology which is particularly implemented in cars in which cars are developed with anti collision technology which reduces the collision between them.
Smart vehicle and smart signboard system with zonal speed regulationIAEME Publication
To control the accident highway department have placed the signboards. Increasing number of accidents at busy junctions are a major threat faced by today’s world. Nowadays people are driving very fast; we lost our valuable life by making small mistake while driving (school zone, hills area, and highways). Most of accidents are occur due to two wheelers Speed control is required at busy junctions.
ACTIVE SAFETY CONTROL TECHNIQUE TO PREVENT VEHICLE CRASHINGP singh
Alertness during driving is a key aspect. Even a small distraction for the driver may lead to genuine mishaps. The possible reasons can be obstacle, inadequate vehicle control system or human reflexes (e.g. shock) during sudden distraction. Therefore "Active" and "Passive" systems for vehicle control play a significant role in automotive safety. In this paper, we have discussed an active control technique to prevent the vehicle from crashing. Three different cases of vehicle speed are considered. The presented technique is designed to evaluate the possibility of collision for both front and rear side. The control action will be taken for safe and smooth driving under different situations like parking, urban driving and highway driving.
Ultrasonic automatic braking system in cars by Accelerator Disengagement Mech...Arvind Srivastava
The Ultrasonic Automatic Braking System in cars is a safety measure which can be implemented to apply the brakes suddenly in case of collision. Accelerator disengagement mechanism uses a servo motor and an additional link which shuts down the throttle valve to disengage accelerator and then the brakes.
Driver Fatigue Monitoring System Using Eye ClosureIJMER
Abstract: Now-a-days so many road accidents occur due to driver distraction while he is driving. Those accidents are broadly depends upon wide range of driver state such as drowsy state, alcoholic state, depressed state etc. Even driver distraction and conversation with passengers during driving can lead in major problems. To address the problem we propose a Driver fatigue Monitoring and
warning system based on eye-tracking, which is consider as active safety system. This system is useful and helpful for drivers to be alert while driving. Eye tracking is one of the major technologies for future driver system since human eyes contains much information. Sleepiness reduces reaction time of safe driving. The driver distraction is measured by the person eye closure rate for certain period while driving. It is implemented by comparing the image extracted from video and the video that is currently
performing. The percentage of eyes is compared from both the frames, if the driver is suspected to be sleeping then a warning alarm is given to alert the driver
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
This project represents a way of developing an
interface to detect driver drowsiness based on continuously
monitoring eyes and DIP algorithms. Micro sleeps that are short
period of sleeps lasting 2 to 3 seconds are good indicator of
fatigue state. Thus by continuously monitoring the eyes of the
driver by using camera one can detect the sleepy state of driver
and timely warning is issued.
Aim of the project is to develop the hardware which is very
advanced product related to driver safety on the roads using
controller and image processing. This product detects driver
drowsiness and gives warning in form of alarm and as well as
decreases the speed of vehicle.Along with the drowsiness
detection process there is continuous monitoring of the distance
done by the Ultrasonic sensor. The ultrasonic sensor detects the
obstacle and accordingly warns the driver as well as decreases
speed of vehicle.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
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Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
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Final project report on grocery store management system..pdf
P0333086093
1. The International Journal Of Engineering And Science (IJES)
|| Volume || 3 || Issue || 3 || Pages || 86-93 || 2014 ||
ISSN (e): 2319 – 1813 ISSN (p): 2319 – 1805
www.theijes.com The IJES Page 86
An Implementation of Railway Derailment by Measuring Eye
Blinking and Physiological Sensing for Safe Driving
1
Upasana Sinha (Ph.D. Scholar), 2
Kamal K Mehta
1
Dr.C.V. Raman University, Bilaspur
2
Institute of Technology, Nirma University, Ahmedabad
Department of Computer Science Engineering
-------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT---------------------------------------------------
Despite the fact that number of Railway accidents have been occurred due to system failure and lack of
attention. Therefore, Driver in-alertness is an important cause for most accidents related to vehicle crashes.
This paper basically focused on Drowsy driver detection methods can form the basis of a system to potentially
reduce accidents related to driver drowsiness that leads major accidents. An Automatic vision based system
describes a real-time driver in alertness and shock related facial expression monitoring. This system obtains
visual cues such as eyelid movement; gaze movement, head movement, and facial expression that typically
characterize the level of alertness of a person are extracted in real time and systematically combined to infer the
fatigue level of the driver. It distinguishes itself by the Two-Way Approach in eye gaze analysis. Shock analysis
is done to identify the driver’s expression and signals are sent for automatic braking system. An automatic
vision based system is developed to model in Intel-Eye and it is used for predicting human alertness based on
the visual cues obtained.
Keywords-derailment, vibration sensing, eye blinking, accidents free, track.
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Date of Submission: 11 February 2014 Date of Publication: 25 March 2014
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I. INTRODUCTION
The primary contribution of this research is automatically initializing the eye blink detection in an
image sequence for real time eye tracking applications. The never-ending saga of traffic accidents all over the
world are due to deterioration of driver’s vigilance level. Drivers with a depleting vigilance level suffer from a
marked decline in their perception; recognition and vehicle control abilities & therefore pose a serious danger to
their own lives and the lives of the other people. For this reason, developing systems that actively monitors the
driver’s level of vigilance and alerting the driver of any insecure driving condition is essential for accident
prevention [17, 20]. Many efforts have been reported in the literature for developing an active safety system for
reducing the number of automobiles accidents due to reduced vigilance. Though advance safety features are
provided such as advances in vehicle design, including the provision of seat belts and airbags and
improvements. One of the most damaging rail accidents is a derailment [1]. A derailment is an accident on a
railway in which a train leaves the rails, which can result in damage injury, and death. Derailment of a train
occurs when the wheels lift and slip out of the track. One of the major type of derailment has been studied is
Excessive speed [1, 2]. However, future increases in Railway track will make it difficult to meet future casualty
reduction targets unless more advanced accident avoidance technologies.
i. Sensing of physiological characteristics.
ii. Sensing of driver operation.
iii. Sensing of vehicle operation.
iv. To monitor the response of the driver.
II. LITERATURE SURVEY
Several studies have been done to prevent accidents in real life regarding Railway system failure and
human failure. Some of the techniques are surveyed to cease the hazards.
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i. Electronic Stability Control
Electronic Stability Control (ESC) systems act on the braking or power systems of a vehicle to assist
the driver in maintaining control of the vehicle in a critical situation (caused, for example, by poor road
conditions or excessive speed during cornering). ESC usually acts by sensing wheel slip in individual wheels
and reducing power or braking to one or more wheels to regain stability. ESC can reduce accidents by more than
20 percent in normal conditions and more than 30 percent in wet or icy conditions. It has been available on some
vehicles for around 10 years, and costs have been reducing due to improved technology and increased volumes.
A driver’s state of vigilance can also be characterized by indirect vehicle behaviors like lateral position, steering
wheel movements, and time to line crossing. There is an important Spanish system called TCD [6, 17] based on
steering wheel and lateral position sensors.
ii. Advanced Emergency Braking Systems (AEBS)
Some vehicles are already fitted with systems, which employ sensors to monitor the proximity of the
vehicle in front and detect situations where the relative speed and distance between the two vehicles suggest that
a collision is imminent. In such a situation, emergency braking can be automatically applied and the effects of
the collision are either mitigated or avoided altogether [17]. The capability of such systems could be expanded
in the future to cover other types of accident. There are significant casualty savings to be obtained by equipping
vehicle with these systems. The level of casualties saved depends on the type of vehicle and the level of
capability of the system. Current systems do not always avoid collisions, but they ensure that the collision takes
place at a slower speed thus mitigating injuries. Future systems should be able to avoid collisions altogether,
including may collisions with pedestrian and that is the highest benefit to cost ratios is likely to be achieved
through fitting these systems to heavy vehicles due to the increased severity of front to rear collisions.
Various Methodology or Techniques have been adopted to provide safety regarding Accidents. Based
on ‘Radio Communication’, ‘Microprocessors’ and, Global Positioning System (GPS)’ technology, the Anti-
Collision devices at Level Crossing (LC) Gates [6, 18] and on board
III. OBJECTIVE
With reference to this paper, the main objective is to avoid sudden damages or accidents causes by
wheel climb and rail roll that leads to derailment. Since, not all the faults described in this paper, the priority
given to the error that comes due to either System fault or Human fault. The study of the derailment has been
focused about the defects in the train itself, but in this paper, the main purpose is to prevent derailment to
monitor the causes related to it and identify the actions related to it. The type of derailment described above
have a common cause of high lateral force at the wheel-rail interface. Therefore, any condition that leads to high
lateral forces or lead to lower the ability of the system to sustain the force should be corrected. This is possible
only when the vibration related to the forces should not cross the limit; otherwise the vibration that comes out
due to broken rail is very high and can be computed using Simulation method to detect the level of derailment
[7]. The effect of vibration depends on the magnitude of acceleration suffered by a passenger, its direction and
frequency. To meet this condition, velocity, acceleration or jerk of vibration of train must be limited to certain
extent [10]. Among these methods, the techniques based on human physiological phenomena are the most
accurate. This technique is implemented in two ways:
i. Measuring changes in physiological signals, such as brain waves, heart rate, and eye blinking.
This technique while most accurate, is not realistic, since sensing electrodes would have to be the driver’s body,
and hence be annoying and distracting to the driver. In addition, long time driving would result in perspiration
on the sensors, diminishing their ability to monitor accurately.
ii. Measuring physical changes such as sagging posture, leaning of the driver’s head, the open/closed
states of the eyes, trauma state expression in eyes seen through widening of gaze.
Locomotives can apply brakes in time, in case the Gate is open to road traffic on the track area is obstructed by
any vehicle.
Anti – Collision Device (ACD) has been validated by Electronics Test & Development Centre, Chennai, India.
Gate protection system CAN NOT Prevent a train collision when,
i. The train is a ‘NON’ ACD Train.
ii. ‘Adequate’ braking distance at that speed is not available when a ‘dangerous’ collision like situation
arises.
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This technique is well suited for real world driving conditions since it can be non-intrusive [16] by
using image processing to detect changes. Driver operation and vehicle behavior can be implemented by
monitoring the steering wheel movement, accelerator or brake patterns, vehicle speed, lateral acceleration, and
lateral displacement. The final technique for detecting drowsiness [17, 21] is by monitoring the response to the
system to indicate alertness. The purpose of the system is based on eyes closer and yawning count of the driver.
By monitoring the eyes and mouth, it is believed that the symptoms of driver fatigue can be detected early
enough to avoid an accident. The eye blink frequency increases beyond the normal rate in the fatigued state. In
order to detect fatigue and shock expressions probability an eye image parameters must be extracted first.
IV. METHODOLOGY
Driver operation and vehicle behaviour can be implemented by monitoring the steering wheel
movement, accelerator or brake patterns, vehicle speed, lateral acceleration, and lateral displacement. These too
are non-intrusive ways of detecting drowsiness, but are limited to vehicle type and driver conditions.
Eye Detection System
Fig 1: Process of Eye Blink Measurement
The final technique for detecting drowsiness is by monitoring the response of the driver. This involves
periodically requesting the driver to send a response to the system to indicate alertness. The problem with this
technique is that it will eventually become tiresome and annoying to the driver. Available blink detectors in
market or we can incorporate it with a special instruction written in image processing that, if there is no pupil
found for the certain period of pre-determined i.e. time greater than the human eye blinking time then consider
an event called “blink”, for which the set of operations will be followed. Here, in this case we need to set time as
1 second or above it, as “blink event” is different from “normal eye blinking”. We need to perform testing for
only blink event estimation, and not to find normal eye blinking.
Developing Systems that actively monitors the driver’s level of vigilance and alerting the driver of any
insecure driving condition is essential for accident prevention.
The implementation of a system solves the several areas of difficulty:
1. Identifying and tracking the head location.
2. Identifying and tracking the location of the eyes.
3. Detecting blinks of the eyes.
4. Being able to process the information in real-time using a moderately priced processor that will be running
other applications in the foreground.
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Fig 2: Generated an alarm to wake up the driver and it also slows down the vehicle as done in
automatic braking systems.
The general architecture of our system consists of these major modules:
i. Image acquisition,
ii. Pupil detection
iii. Tracking
iv. Analysing visual behaviour.
The image acquisition is based on a low cost charge coupled device micro-camera to near IR. The pupil
detection and tracking stage is responsible for segmentation and image processing. The pupil detection stage is
simplified by the “bright pupil” effect, similar to the red –eye effect in photography. We then use two Kalman
filters in order to track the pupils robustly in real time. In the visual behaviour stage, we calculate some
parameters from the images in order to detect some visual behaviour easily observable in people experiencing
fatigue: slow eyelid movement, smaller degree of eye opening, frequent nodding, blink frequency, and face
pose. When the driver experiences a shock during a head on collision the widening of his eye gaze is measured
i.e. a greater degree of eye widening is seen. The parameters obtained are sorted and correspondingly caution
signals for fatigue and shock situations are seen. The shock caution signals are not only used to alert the driver,
it is also used to signal the vehicles behind. The fatigue caution signal generated an alarm to wake up the driver
and it slows down the vehicle as done in automatic braking systems. Despite all the warning signals if the driver
continues to doze off, then the speed of the vehicle is graduated to zero. This is new breakthrough in accident
avoidant systems proposed by Intel-Eye. Finally, in the driver vigilance evaluation stage, we fuse all individual
parameters obtained in the previous stage using a two-way approach fuzzy system, yielding the driver
inattentiveness level. An alarm is activated to signal other vehicles on road if the level of in-alertness exceeds a
certain threshold.
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The above diagram is a detail explanation of the work, so let us see that how all components work:-
1. First of all facial image captured by the camera that is called image acquisition.
2. After that taking only the image of eye or eyelids that is called pupil detection and tracking.
3. Now it will take decision that driver is in safe condition or unsafe condition and the unsafe
condition is identify with the two main reasons.
Shock- If eyelids are in upper position continuously in more than two second that means Driver is shocked and
in unsafe condition. Here again we are facing two types of situation-
Yes- If driver is really shocked that means they are in unsafe condition and then the all component perform
following job-
i. Alerting alarm will activate.
ii. In addition, alarm start to buzz.
iii. Suppose alarm turn off by the driver that means driver is again alert for driving. In addition, the all
component will again perform own job as usually.
But if alarm is not turning off by the Driver that means driver is not alert for driving yet. In that condition the
vehicle speed, reduce immediately through auto-break system that is called “vehicle halted”.
No- If driver is not shocked that means they are again in two positions-
i. May be he/she in safe condition that’s why, the all component will again perform own job as usually.
ii. May be he/she in unsafe condition reason for Fatigue.
Fatigue- partially or fully closed eye lids for more than 2 second that means driver is Fatigue and vehicle is
operated by the drowsiness driver which is very dangerous. Here again we are facing two type of situation-
Yes- If driver is really fatigue that means they are unsafe condition and then the all component perform
following job-
i. Alerting alarm will activate.
ii. In addition, alarm start to buzz.
iii. Suppose alarm turn off by the driver that means driver is again alert for driving. In addition, the all
components will again perform own job as usually.
But if alarm is not turning off by the Driver that means driver is not alert for driving yet. In that condition
vehicle speed, reduce immediately through auto-break system that is called “vehicle halted”
V. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
With the help of these data sheet which is mentioned in the below table, we can understand that:-
1. After capturing the facial image by camera, the camera will divide the facial image into different
frame. It can create 30 frames per sec. same as in normal condition people blink their eyes
0.333333333 times per sec.
2. So naturally the normal people’s blink their eyes 20 times per minute approximate.
In addition, 1800 frames will create per minute by camera.
3. So according to per minute or per second of blinking we can count the total image frames and then we
can take decision that driver is in safe condition or not? And in that conditions, counting occurs in three
stages:
i. Lower.
ii. Medium.
iii. Higher.
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4. And again this three stages are divided into two main dangerous category:-
Lower, Medium and High condition has two type of main dangerous category:-
i. Below.
ii. Above.
5. Now let us see all condition and their dangerous category one by one:-
First of all we will take the natural condition for example – actually the normal people blink their eyes 20 times
per minute, suppose in that situation, blinking of eyes of any people is less than natural condition, then both
condition are very dangerous.
First is lower condition where we will find that in this condition the driver is in less danger, it has again
two conditions-
Below:- When the people or diver blink their eyes, only 10 times per minute i.e. less than the natural condition
and it is considered 50% dangerous to the driver and it is considered the below category of lower level.
Above:- When the people or driver blink their eyes 30 times per minute i.e. greater than the natural condition,
and that is why it is considered dangerous to the driver, and it is considered above category of lower level.
Second is Medium condition where we will find that in this condition the driver is in medium danger, it is better
than higher level but dangerous than lower level. It has again two conditions.-
Below: - When the people or driver blinks their eyes only 5 times per minute i.e. very less than the natural
condition and that is why it is considered 75% dangerous to the driver and it is considered as below category of
medium level.
Above:- When the people or driver blinks their eyes 40 times per minute i.e. very greater than the natural
condition and that is why it is 75% dangerous to the driver and it is considered above category of medium level.
Last is higher condition in which the driver is in higher danger and it means the life of the driver is not
safe and again it has two conditions-
Below: - When the people or diver blinks their eyes zero times ,it indicates serious danger to the driver and
100% confirms that life of the driver is not safe., and that is why it is considered below category of higher level.
Above: - When the people or driver blinks their eyes 60 timer per minute i.e. more than the natural condition
then it is considered 300% dangerous to the driver and the chances of accident gets confirmed and that is why it
is considered above category of higher level.
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Table 1: Implementation on data sheets showing variations on Eye Blinking Measurement using Template
Generation technique in MATLAB.
VI. CONCLUSION
This method establishes interface very easily with drivers. Life of the driver can be saved by locking
the ignition system of the vehicle. Driver enter the state of stress can be identified by automatic vision based
analyzers used in eye motion interfaces. This approach is used to slow down the vehicle when the system senses
the driver’s danger zone.
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