The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Identity Based Detection of Spoofing Attackers in Wireless Networks and Pract...Kumar Goud
Abstract: Wireless spoofing attacks are easy to launch and can significantly impact the performance of networks. Although the identity of a node can be verified through cryptographic authentication, conventional security approaches are not always desirable because of their overhead requirements. In this paper, we propose to use spatial information, a physical property associated with each node, hard to falsify, and not reliant on cryptography, as the basis for (1) detecting spoofing attacks; (2) determining the number of attackers when multiple adversaries masquerading as a same node identity; and (3) localizing multiple adversaries. We propose to use the spatial correlation of received signal strength (RSS) inherited from wireless nodes to detect the spoofing attacks. We then formulate the problem of determining the number of attackers as a multi-class detection problem. Cluster-based mechanisms are developed to determine the number of attackers. When the training data is available, we explore using Support Vector Machines (SVM) method to further improve the accuracy of determining the number of attackers. In addition, we developed an integrated detection and localization system that can localize the positions of multiple attackers. We evaluated our techniques through two testbeds using both an 802.11 (WiFi) network and an 802.15.4 (ZigBee) network in two real office buildings. Our experimental results show that our proposed methods can achieve over 90% Hit Rate and Precision when determining the number of attackers. Our localization results using a representative set of algorithms provide strong evidence of high accuracy of localizing multiple adversaries.
Keywords: Wifi, Spoofing, Wireless, RSS, MAX, WEP, WPA, ISP
Efficient distributed detection of node replication attacks in mobile sensor ...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Enhancing the Security in WSN using Three Tier Security ArchitectureAM Publications,India
Security is the main issue while setting up the WSN network for node communication. This report describes the efficient mechanism for achieving the security between node communications by creating three tier security architecture. This system implements three tier architecture with the use of two polynomial pools having sensor nodes, mobile sinks and some access points that are also sensor nodes, to get better security. Two pools are common mobile polynomial pool and common static polynomial pool. Mobile sinks and access point carries keys from common mobile polynomial pool were as, access points and sensor nodes carries keys from common static polynomial pool. Communication gets established from mobile sink to access point then from access point to sensor node that shows three tier architecture Authentication is the main aspect of the system, that is achieved by pairwise key predistribution methods and authentication of the nodes with the use of polynomial keys. Here, Mobile sink replication attack is implemented against the network. The malicious node, it is blocked. If it wants to communicate within the network then it needs to capture large no of keys from both the pools for authentication. But as the sufficient keys are not available with it, it cannot communicate with the other nodes in the network
BLACK HOLE ATTACKS MITIGATION AND PREVENTION IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKAM Publications
Wireless Sensor Network consists of nodes which communicate with each other with wireless
channel. A general conception of wireless sensor network (WSN) nodes is static and it remains fixed in their
position. It has been deployed in dominant manner for a long period of time. Many researches mostly focus on
energy consumption in WSN sensor nodes. In WSN The security in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is a critical
issue due to the inherent limitations of computational capacity and power usage The Black hole attacks is
one of the attack that challenges the security of WSN. Black hole attacks occur when an adversary cap-tures
and re-programs a set of nodes in the network to block/drop the packets they receive/generate instead of
forwarding them towards the base station. As a result any information that enters the black hole region is
captured. Black hole attacks are easy to constitute, and they are capable of undermining network effectiveness by
partitioning the network, such that important event information do not reach the base stations. Several
techniques based on secret sharing and multi-path routing have been proposed in the literature to overcome
black hole attacks in the network. However, these techniques are not very effective, and as we demonstrate, they
may even end up making black hole attacks more effective. Propose an efficient technique that uses multiple base
stations deployed in the network to counter the impact of black holes on data transmission, using java simulator
and performance compare with multiple base station and without multiple base station to prevent black hole
attacks. It implemented using Net bean IDE Java network simulator .
misrouting attack in wireless sensor networks under replication attack. agent based security schemes in Security schemes for wireless sensor networks. International journal paper on wireless sensor networks.
Identity Based Detection of Spoofing Attackers in Wireless Networks and Pract...Kumar Goud
Abstract: Wireless spoofing attacks are easy to launch and can significantly impact the performance of networks. Although the identity of a node can be verified through cryptographic authentication, conventional security approaches are not always desirable because of their overhead requirements. In this paper, we propose to use spatial information, a physical property associated with each node, hard to falsify, and not reliant on cryptography, as the basis for (1) detecting spoofing attacks; (2) determining the number of attackers when multiple adversaries masquerading as a same node identity; and (3) localizing multiple adversaries. We propose to use the spatial correlation of received signal strength (RSS) inherited from wireless nodes to detect the spoofing attacks. We then formulate the problem of determining the number of attackers as a multi-class detection problem. Cluster-based mechanisms are developed to determine the number of attackers. When the training data is available, we explore using Support Vector Machines (SVM) method to further improve the accuracy of determining the number of attackers. In addition, we developed an integrated detection and localization system that can localize the positions of multiple attackers. We evaluated our techniques through two testbeds using both an 802.11 (WiFi) network and an 802.15.4 (ZigBee) network in two real office buildings. Our experimental results show that our proposed methods can achieve over 90% Hit Rate and Precision when determining the number of attackers. Our localization results using a representative set of algorithms provide strong evidence of high accuracy of localizing multiple adversaries.
Keywords: Wifi, Spoofing, Wireless, RSS, MAX, WEP, WPA, ISP
Efficient distributed detection of node replication attacks in mobile sensor ...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Enhancing the Security in WSN using Three Tier Security ArchitectureAM Publications,India
Security is the main issue while setting up the WSN network for node communication. This report describes the efficient mechanism for achieving the security between node communications by creating three tier security architecture. This system implements three tier architecture with the use of two polynomial pools having sensor nodes, mobile sinks and some access points that are also sensor nodes, to get better security. Two pools are common mobile polynomial pool and common static polynomial pool. Mobile sinks and access point carries keys from common mobile polynomial pool were as, access points and sensor nodes carries keys from common static polynomial pool. Communication gets established from mobile sink to access point then from access point to sensor node that shows three tier architecture Authentication is the main aspect of the system, that is achieved by pairwise key predistribution methods and authentication of the nodes with the use of polynomial keys. Here, Mobile sink replication attack is implemented against the network. The malicious node, it is blocked. If it wants to communicate within the network then it needs to capture large no of keys from both the pools for authentication. But as the sufficient keys are not available with it, it cannot communicate with the other nodes in the network
BLACK HOLE ATTACKS MITIGATION AND PREVENTION IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKAM Publications
Wireless Sensor Network consists of nodes which communicate with each other with wireless
channel. A general conception of wireless sensor network (WSN) nodes is static and it remains fixed in their
position. It has been deployed in dominant manner for a long period of time. Many researches mostly focus on
energy consumption in WSN sensor nodes. In WSN The security in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is a critical
issue due to the inherent limitations of computational capacity and power usage The Black hole attacks is
one of the attack that challenges the security of WSN. Black hole attacks occur when an adversary cap-tures
and re-programs a set of nodes in the network to block/drop the packets they receive/generate instead of
forwarding them towards the base station. As a result any information that enters the black hole region is
captured. Black hole attacks are easy to constitute, and they are capable of undermining network effectiveness by
partitioning the network, such that important event information do not reach the base stations. Several
techniques based on secret sharing and multi-path routing have been proposed in the literature to overcome
black hole attacks in the network. However, these techniques are not very effective, and as we demonstrate, they
may even end up making black hole attacks more effective. Propose an efficient technique that uses multiple base
stations deployed in the network to counter the impact of black holes on data transmission, using java simulator
and performance compare with multiple base station and without multiple base station to prevent black hole
attacks. It implemented using Net bean IDE Java network simulator .
misrouting attack in wireless sensor networks under replication attack. agent based security schemes in Security schemes for wireless sensor networks. International journal paper on wireless sensor networks.
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are often deployed in unfavourable situations where an assailant can physically capture some of the nodes, first can reprogram, and then, can replicate them in a large number of clones, easily taking control over the network. This replication node is also called as Clone node. The clone node or replicated node behave as a genuine node. It can damage the network. In node replication attack detecting the clone node important issue in Wireless Sensor Networks. A few distributed solutions have been recently proposed, but they are not satisfactory. First, they are intensity and memory demanding: A serious drawback for any protocol to be used in the WSN- resource constrained environment. In this project first investigate the selection criteria of clone detection schemes with regard to device types, detection methodologies, deployment strategies, and detection ranges. Further, they are vulnerable to the specific assailant models introduced in this paper. In this scenario, a particularly dangerous attack is the replica attack, in which the assailant takes the secret keying materials from a compromised node, generates a large number of assailant-controlled replicas that share the node’s keying materials and ID, and then spreads these replicas throughout the network. With a single captured node, the assailant can create as many replica nodes as he has the hardware to generate.. The replica nodes are controlled by the assailant, but have keying materials that allow them to seem like authorized participants in the network. Our implementation specifies, user will specify its ID, which means client id, secret key will be create, and then include the port number. The witness node will verify the internally bounded user Id and secret key. The witness node means original node. If the verification is success, the information collecting to the packets that packets are send to the destination.
A key management approach for wireless sensor networksZac Darcy
In this paper we presenta key management approach for wireless sensor networks. This approach
facilitating an efficient scalable post-distribution key establishment that provides different security services.
We have developed and tested this approach under TinyOs. Result shows that this approach provides
acceptable resistance against node capture attacks and replay attacks. The provision of security services is
completely transparent to the user of the WSNs. Furthermore, being highly scalable and lightweight, this
approach is appropriate to be used in a wireless sensor network of hundreds of nodes.
Robust encryption algorithm based sht in wireless sensor networksijdpsjournal
In bound applications, the locations
of events reportable by a device network have to be compelled to stay
anonymous. That is, unauthorized observers should be unable to notice the origin of such events by
analyzing the network traffic. I analyze 2 forms of downsides: Communication overhead a
nd machine load
problem. During this paper, I gift a brand new framework for modeling, analyzing, and evaluating
obscurity in device networks. The novelty of the proposed framework is twofold: initial, it introduc
es the
notion of “interval indistinguishabi
lity” and provides a quantitative live to model obscurity in wireless
device networks; second, it maps supply obscurity to the applied mathematics downside I showed that
the
present approaches for coming up with statistically anonymous systems introduce co
rrelation in real
intervals whereas faux area unit unrelated. I show however mapping supply obscurity to consecutive
hypothesis testing with nuisance Parameters ends up in changing the matter of exposing non
-
public supply
data into checking out associate d
egree applicable knowledge transformation that removes or minimize the
impact of the nuisance data victimization sturdy cryptography algorithmic rule. By doing therefore,
I
remodel the matter of analyzing real valued sample points to binary codes, that ope
ns the door for
committal to writing theory to be incorporated into the study of anonymous networks. In existing wor
k,
unable to notice unauthorized observer in network traffic. However our work in the main supported
enhances their supply obscurity against
correlation check. the most goal of supply location privacy is to
cover the existence of real events.
Malicious attack detection and prevention in ad hoc network based on real tim...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Integrated Security and Attack Detection Scheme for Wireless Sensor NetworksEditor IJMTER
The wireless sensor node is a tiny device that is used to capture environment information.
Sensor devices are used to capture temperature and pressure details from the environment. The
sensor devices are used in hospitals, home and production plants. The main components of a sensor
node are microcontroller, transceiver, external memory and power source. A wireless sensor network
(WSN) is a wireless network consisting of spatially distributed autonomous devices. Sensors are
used to cooperatively monitor physical or environmental conditions. Sensor network is equipped
with a radio transceiver or other wireless communications device. The sensor networks are deployed
with consideration of sensing and transmission coverage factors.
Sensor network security protocols provide confidentiality for the messages. Object location and data
sink information are the sensitive elements in the sensor network. Two techniques are used to
provide location privacy to monitored objects. They are Source-location privacy and Sink-location
privacy. Periodic collection and Source simulation models are used in Source-location privacy
technique. Sink simulation and backbone flooding models are used in Sink-location privacy
technique. Communication cost and latency factors are consider in the privacy protection model.
Source and destination location details are protected in the privacy model.
The proposed system integrates the location privacy and data security process for the wireless sensor
network. Region based query model is used to improve location privacy. Confidentiality and
integrity techniques are used for the security process. Rivest Cipher (RC4) algorithm and Secure
Hashing Algorithms (SHA) are used for the data security.
Trusted Routing Path Selection in WSNs through TARFEditor IJMTER
In wireless Sensor Networks data transfer is insecure, because the intruders may use
duplicate IP address to hack the confidential data. Hop by hop authentication is necessary for secured
communication to prevent such confidentiality Multi hop routing in Wireless sensor networks
(WSNs) offers little protection against the identity deception through replaying routing information.
This defect may take a chance of an adversary to misdirect significant network traffic, resulting in
disastrous consequences attacks against the routing protocols including Sinkhole, Worm hole and
Sybil attacks. The situation is further aggravated by mobile & harsh network condition. It cannot be
solved by traditional encryption or authentication techniques or efforts at developing trust aware
routing protocols do not effectively address this severe problem. Secure the WSNs against
adversaries misdirecting the multi-hop routing. So proposed a method is “Trusted Routing Path
Selection in WSNs through TARF”, a robust trust-aware routing framework for dynamic WSNs.
Without tight time synchronization or known geographic information. TARF provides trustworthy,
secure, time efficient & energy efficient route. Most importantly TARF proves effective against
those harmful attacks developed out of identity deception; the resilience of TARF is verified through
extensive evaluation with both simulation and empirical experiments on large scale WSNs under
various scenarios.
Securing the Data Communication between the Neighboring Sensor Nodes using Bi...IJMTST Journal
Privacy of data is one of the most important concept in wireless sensor networks. Wireless sensor networks are used in many areas likewise in tracking and monitoring of some events. Each sensor node has one private key and an assigned id. We are providing data confidentiality between the sensor nodes in wireless sensor network using bilinear pairing (diffie-hellman algorithm). Sharing of data between those neighbouring nodes is also secured with the concept of shared secret key(symmetric key cryptography). Content privacy and context privacy can be obtained and the threats regarding to it can be overcomed. Data is encrypted between the nodes using those shared secret keys. We are providing security for the data between the neighbouring nodes in wireless sensor networks.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
A review paper on watchdog mechanism in wireless sensor network to eliminate ...eSAT Journals
Abstract Wireless Sensor network (WSN) are broadly used today in various fields such as environmental control, surveillance task, object tracking, military applications etc. As WSN is an ad-hoc network which is deployed in such an environment which is physically insecure, intrusion detection has been one of the major area of research in WSN. Inorder to achieve an appropriate level of security in WSNs we cannot depend on cryptographic techniques as these techniques fall prey to insider attacks. This paper discusses on watchdog mechanism, one of the intrusion detection techniques in Wireless Sensor Network. Watchdog is a monitoring technique which detects the misbehaving nodes in the network. The main area of focus in this paper is being made to the problems in existing watchdog technique for malicious node detection. Index Terms: Wireless Sensor Network, Security Intrusion Detection, Watchdog.
A Combined Approach for Worm-Hole and Black-Hole Attack Detection in MANETIJERA Editor
Mobile ad hoc network is a kind of wireless network, in this network all nodes are connected through the wireless links and perform cooperative communication.Due to limited radio range of these devices any time can leave or join the network. Therefore the routing techniques are responsible for the network organization and communication flow. Due to this the performance of MANET is low as compared with the traditional wired communication networks. In addition of that network is suffers from the probability of attacks. Thus in this paper MANET routing strategy and their attacks are investigated and learned. In addition of that in order to secure the communication recent approaches of security in MANET also investigated. Finally a new algorithm for prevention of malicious attack in MANET is suggested. Additionally the based on the concluded facts, future extension of the proposed work is also suggested.
Adopting hybrid cryptography technique for reduction of network overhead in m...eSAT Journals
Abstract Mobile Ad Hoc Network is a infrastructure less network it is one of the most important and highly unusual application, which is famous among critical operations like warfare use, emergency recovery because of its self configuring nature of nodes. MANETs does not require any centralized administration, it dynamically forms a temporary network with the changing topology. Due to its open environment and irregular distribution of nodes MANET is vulnerable to malicious attack hence a new intrusion detection system named EAACK is introduced. This scheme demonstrates the complexity of malicious behavior detection rate in certain situations without greatly affecting the network performance. EAACK is a acknowledgment based intrusion detection system it is required to ensure that all the acknowledgment packets are authentic and unattained hence all the packets are signed digitally before they are sent out and till the receiver accepts, due to the usage of both digital signature and acknowledgment packet it causes a great network overhead. This paper proposes and enforces a hybrid cryptography technique in order to minimize the network overhead caused by digital signature. Keywords: EAACK, Hash algorithm, Wi_max 802.16, Caesar cipher, XOR cipher, XTEA.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are often deployed in unfavourable situations where an assailant can physically capture some of the nodes, first can reprogram, and then, can replicate them in a large number of clones, easily taking control over the network. This replication node is also called as Clone node. The clone node or replicated node behave as a genuine node. It can damage the network. In node replication attack detecting the clone node important issue in Wireless Sensor Networks. A few distributed solutions have been recently proposed, but they are not satisfactory. First, they are intensity and memory demanding: A serious drawback for any protocol to be used in the WSN- resource constrained environment. In this project first investigate the selection criteria of clone detection schemes with regard to device types, detection methodologies, deployment strategies, and detection ranges. Further, they are vulnerable to the specific assailant models introduced in this paper. In this scenario, a particularly dangerous attack is the replica attack, in which the assailant takes the secret keying materials from a compromised node, generates a large number of assailant-controlled replicas that share the node’s keying materials and ID, and then spreads these replicas throughout the network. With a single captured node, the assailant can create as many replica nodes as he has the hardware to generate.. The replica nodes are controlled by the assailant, but have keying materials that allow them to seem like authorized participants in the network. Our implementation specifies, user will specify its ID, which means client id, secret key will be create, and then include the port number. The witness node will verify the internally bounded user Id and secret key. The witness node means original node. If the verification is success, the information collecting to the packets that packets are send to the destination.
A key management approach for wireless sensor networksZac Darcy
In this paper we presenta key management approach for wireless sensor networks. This approach
facilitating an efficient scalable post-distribution key establishment that provides different security services.
We have developed and tested this approach under TinyOs. Result shows that this approach provides
acceptable resistance against node capture attacks and replay attacks. The provision of security services is
completely transparent to the user of the WSNs. Furthermore, being highly scalable and lightweight, this
approach is appropriate to be used in a wireless sensor network of hundreds of nodes.
Robust encryption algorithm based sht in wireless sensor networksijdpsjournal
In bound applications, the locations
of events reportable by a device network have to be compelled to stay
anonymous. That is, unauthorized observers should be unable to notice the origin of such events by
analyzing the network traffic. I analyze 2 forms of downsides: Communication overhead a
nd machine load
problem. During this paper, I gift a brand new framework for modeling, analyzing, and evaluating
obscurity in device networks. The novelty of the proposed framework is twofold: initial, it introduc
es the
notion of “interval indistinguishabi
lity” and provides a quantitative live to model obscurity in wireless
device networks; second, it maps supply obscurity to the applied mathematics downside I showed that
the
present approaches for coming up with statistically anonymous systems introduce co
rrelation in real
intervals whereas faux area unit unrelated. I show however mapping supply obscurity to consecutive
hypothesis testing with nuisance Parameters ends up in changing the matter of exposing non
-
public supply
data into checking out associate d
egree applicable knowledge transformation that removes or minimize the
impact of the nuisance data victimization sturdy cryptography algorithmic rule. By doing therefore,
I
remodel the matter of analyzing real valued sample points to binary codes, that ope
ns the door for
committal to writing theory to be incorporated into the study of anonymous networks. In existing wor
k,
unable to notice unauthorized observer in network traffic. However our work in the main supported
enhances their supply obscurity against
correlation check. the most goal of supply location privacy is to
cover the existence of real events.
Malicious attack detection and prevention in ad hoc network based on real tim...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Integrated Security and Attack Detection Scheme for Wireless Sensor NetworksEditor IJMTER
The wireless sensor node is a tiny device that is used to capture environment information.
Sensor devices are used to capture temperature and pressure details from the environment. The
sensor devices are used in hospitals, home and production plants. The main components of a sensor
node are microcontroller, transceiver, external memory and power source. A wireless sensor network
(WSN) is a wireless network consisting of spatially distributed autonomous devices. Sensors are
used to cooperatively monitor physical or environmental conditions. Sensor network is equipped
with a radio transceiver or other wireless communications device. The sensor networks are deployed
with consideration of sensing and transmission coverage factors.
Sensor network security protocols provide confidentiality for the messages. Object location and data
sink information are the sensitive elements in the sensor network. Two techniques are used to
provide location privacy to monitored objects. They are Source-location privacy and Sink-location
privacy. Periodic collection and Source simulation models are used in Source-location privacy
technique. Sink simulation and backbone flooding models are used in Sink-location privacy
technique. Communication cost and latency factors are consider in the privacy protection model.
Source and destination location details are protected in the privacy model.
The proposed system integrates the location privacy and data security process for the wireless sensor
network. Region based query model is used to improve location privacy. Confidentiality and
integrity techniques are used for the security process. Rivest Cipher (RC4) algorithm and Secure
Hashing Algorithms (SHA) are used for the data security.
Trusted Routing Path Selection in WSNs through TARFEditor IJMTER
In wireless Sensor Networks data transfer is insecure, because the intruders may use
duplicate IP address to hack the confidential data. Hop by hop authentication is necessary for secured
communication to prevent such confidentiality Multi hop routing in Wireless sensor networks
(WSNs) offers little protection against the identity deception through replaying routing information.
This defect may take a chance of an adversary to misdirect significant network traffic, resulting in
disastrous consequences attacks against the routing protocols including Sinkhole, Worm hole and
Sybil attacks. The situation is further aggravated by mobile & harsh network condition. It cannot be
solved by traditional encryption or authentication techniques or efforts at developing trust aware
routing protocols do not effectively address this severe problem. Secure the WSNs against
adversaries misdirecting the multi-hop routing. So proposed a method is “Trusted Routing Path
Selection in WSNs through TARF”, a robust trust-aware routing framework for dynamic WSNs.
Without tight time synchronization or known geographic information. TARF provides trustworthy,
secure, time efficient & energy efficient route. Most importantly TARF proves effective against
those harmful attacks developed out of identity deception; the resilience of TARF is verified through
extensive evaluation with both simulation and empirical experiments on large scale WSNs under
various scenarios.
Securing the Data Communication between the Neighboring Sensor Nodes using Bi...IJMTST Journal
Privacy of data is one of the most important concept in wireless sensor networks. Wireless sensor networks are used in many areas likewise in tracking and monitoring of some events. Each sensor node has one private key and an assigned id. We are providing data confidentiality between the sensor nodes in wireless sensor network using bilinear pairing (diffie-hellman algorithm). Sharing of data between those neighbouring nodes is also secured with the concept of shared secret key(symmetric key cryptography). Content privacy and context privacy can be obtained and the threats regarding to it can be overcomed. Data is encrypted between the nodes using those shared secret keys. We are providing security for the data between the neighbouring nodes in wireless sensor networks.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
A review paper on watchdog mechanism in wireless sensor network to eliminate ...eSAT Journals
Abstract Wireless Sensor network (WSN) are broadly used today in various fields such as environmental control, surveillance task, object tracking, military applications etc. As WSN is an ad-hoc network which is deployed in such an environment which is physically insecure, intrusion detection has been one of the major area of research in WSN. Inorder to achieve an appropriate level of security in WSNs we cannot depend on cryptographic techniques as these techniques fall prey to insider attacks. This paper discusses on watchdog mechanism, one of the intrusion detection techniques in Wireless Sensor Network. Watchdog is a monitoring technique which detects the misbehaving nodes in the network. The main area of focus in this paper is being made to the problems in existing watchdog technique for malicious node detection. Index Terms: Wireless Sensor Network, Security Intrusion Detection, Watchdog.
A Combined Approach for Worm-Hole and Black-Hole Attack Detection in MANETIJERA Editor
Mobile ad hoc network is a kind of wireless network, in this network all nodes are connected through the wireless links and perform cooperative communication.Due to limited radio range of these devices any time can leave or join the network. Therefore the routing techniques are responsible for the network organization and communication flow. Due to this the performance of MANET is low as compared with the traditional wired communication networks. In addition of that network is suffers from the probability of attacks. Thus in this paper MANET routing strategy and their attacks are investigated and learned. In addition of that in order to secure the communication recent approaches of security in MANET also investigated. Finally a new algorithm for prevention of malicious attack in MANET is suggested. Additionally the based on the concluded facts, future extension of the proposed work is also suggested.
Adopting hybrid cryptography technique for reduction of network overhead in m...eSAT Journals
Abstract Mobile Ad Hoc Network is a infrastructure less network it is one of the most important and highly unusual application, which is famous among critical operations like warfare use, emergency recovery because of its self configuring nature of nodes. MANETs does not require any centralized administration, it dynamically forms a temporary network with the changing topology. Due to its open environment and irregular distribution of nodes MANET is vulnerable to malicious attack hence a new intrusion detection system named EAACK is introduced. This scheme demonstrates the complexity of malicious behavior detection rate in certain situations without greatly affecting the network performance. EAACK is a acknowledgment based intrusion detection system it is required to ensure that all the acknowledgment packets are authentic and unattained hence all the packets are signed digitally before they are sent out and till the receiver accepts, due to the usage of both digital signature and acknowledgment packet it causes a great network overhead. This paper proposes and enforces a hybrid cryptography technique in order to minimize the network overhead caused by digital signature. Keywords: EAACK, Hash algorithm, Wi_max 802.16, Caesar cipher, XOR cipher, XTEA.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Detection of Spoofing attackers in wireless networkAM Publications
Spoofing attacks effectively damage the networks performance and easy to launch by many tools available
in market. The previous security approach to address spoofing attacks is to apply cryptographic authentication.
However authentication method requires more infrastructures overhead. In this paper I propose the system of
detecting spoofing attackers in wireless network by using spatial information associated with each node hard to falsify
and not based on cryptography. This methodology can detect the attacks by spatial correlation received signal strength
(RSS), inherited from multiple wireless node. To determine multiple spoofing attackers cluster based mechanisms are
developed. I explore using the Support Vector Machines (SVM) method to further improve the accuracy of
determining the number of attackers. In addition, I developed an integrated detection and localization system that can
localize the positions of multiple attackers. The proposed methodology will obtain a reliable outcome that could be
helpful in identifying and eliminating certain attacks.
Intrusion Detection Systems By Anamoly-Based Using Neural NetworkIOSR Journals
To improve network security different steps has been taken as size and importance of the network has
increases day by day. Then chances of a network attacks increases Network is mainly attacked by some
intrusions that are identified by network intrusion detection system. These intrusions are mainly present in data
packets and each packet has to scan for its detection. This paper works to develop a intrusion detection system
which utilizes the identity and signature of the intrusion for identifying different kinds of intrusions. As network
intrusion detection system need to be efficient enough that chance of false alarm generation should be less,
which means identifying as a intrusion but actually it is not an intrusion. Result obtained after analyzing this
system is quite good enough that nearly 90% of true alarms are generated. It detect intrusion for various
services like Dos, SSH, etc by neural network
An improved ip traceback mechanism for network securityeSAT Journals
Abstract IP traceback is amongst the main challenges that face the security of today’s Internet. Many techniques were proposed, including in-band packhranits alert and outband packets each of them has advantages and disadvantages. Source IP spoofing attacks are critical issues to the Internet. These attacks are considered to be sent from bot infected hosts. There has been active research on IP traceback technologies. However, the traceback from an end victim host to an end spoofing host has never yet been achieved, because of the insufficient traceback probes installed on each routing path. There exists a will need to replace alternative probes in an effort to lessen the installation cost. Recently a great number of technologies of a given detection and prevention have developed, but it is difficult the fact that the IDS distinguishes normal traffic that are caused by the DDoS traffic due to many changes in network features. In existing work a whole new hybrid IP traceback scheme with efficient packet logging reaching to tend to have a fixed storage requirement for each router ( CAIDA’s data set) in packet logging without the need to refresh the logged tracking information and then to achieve zero false positive and false negative rates in attack-path reconstruction. Existing hybrid traceback approach applied on offline CAIDA dataset which isn't suitable to realtime tracing. With this proposed work efficient hybrid approach for single-packet traceback to our best knowledge, our approach will reduces 2/3 of a given overhead in each of storage and how about recording packet paths, and to discover the time overhead for recovering packet paths is also reduced by a calculatable amount. Keywords –Attack, Trace back, LAN
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A New Way of Identifying DOS Attack Using Multivariate Correlation Analysisijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
A review of security attacks and intrusion detection schemes in wireless sens...ijwmn
Wireless sensor networks are currently the greatest innovation in the field of telecommunications. WSNs
have a wide range of potential applications, including security and surveillance, control, actuation and
maintenance of complex systems and fine-grain monitoring of indoor and outdoor environments. However
security is one of the major aspects of Wireless sensor networks due to the resource limitations of sensor
nodes. Those networks are facing several threats that affect their functioning and their life. In this paper we
present security attacks in wireless sensor networks, and we focus on comparison and analysis of recent
Intrusion Detection schemes in WSNs.
A Key Management Approach For Wireless Sensor NetworksZac Darcy
In this paper we presenta key management approach for wireless sensor networks. This approach
facilitating an efficient scalable post-distribution key establishment that provides different security services.
We have developed and tested this approach under TinyOs. Result shows that this approach provides
acceptable resistance against node capture attacks and replay attacks. The provision of security services is
completely transparent to the user of the WSNs. Furthermore, being highly scalable and lightweight, this
approach is appropriate to be used in a wireless sensor network of hundreds of nodes.
A Key Management Approach For Wireless Sensor NetworksZac Darcy
In this paper we presenta key management approach for wireless sensor networks. This approach
facilitating an efficient scalable post-distribution key establishment that provides different security services.
We have developed and tested this approach under TinyOs. Result shows that this approach provides
acceptable resistance against node capture attacks and replay attacks. The provision of security services is
completely transparent to the user of the WSNs. Furthermore, being highly scalable and lightweight, this
approach is appropriate to be used in a wireless sensor network of hundreds of nodes.
Implementing a Robust Network-Based Intrusion Detection Systemtheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
A Lightweight Algorithm for Detecting Sybil Attack in Mobile Wireless Sensor ...Editor IJCATR
Considering the application of wireless sensor networks in critical area, such as battlefields, establishing security in these
networks is of utmost importance. One of the most serious and dangerous attack against these networks is Sybil attack. In this attack, a
malicious hostile node creates multiple fake identities simultaneously. This misleads legitimate nodes and, by mistake, they assume
each of these identifiers as real separate nodes. In this attack, malicious hostile node attracts so heavy traffic that can dramatically
disrupt routing protocols which has devastating effects on the network functions such as data integration, voting, and resource
allocation. The current research proposes a new lightweight algorithm for detecting Sybil attack in Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks
using sink nodes. The proposed algorithm is implemented to be assessed in terms of detection and error rates efficiency in a series of
experiments. Comparison of the experiment results with the results of other available algorithms revealed optimal performance of the
proposed algorithm.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
AN IMPROVED WATCHDOG TECHNIQUE BASED ON POWER-AWARE HIERARCHICAL DESIGN FOR I...IJNSA Journal
Preserving security and confidentiality in wireless sensor networks (WSN) are crucial. Wireless sensor networks in comparison with wired networks are more substantially vulnerable to attacks and intrusions. In WSN, a third person can eavesdrop to the information or link to the network. So, preventing these intrusions by detecting them has become one of the most demanding challenges. This paper, proposes an
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for increasing the network's lifetime. For this reason, we simulated our model with Tiny-OS simulator and then, compared our results with non hierarchical model to ensure the improvement. The results indicate that, our proposed model is better in performance than the original models and it has increased the lifetime of the wireless sensor nodes by around 2611.492 seconds for a network with 100 sensors.
As of late, remote sensor organize (WSN) is
utilized in numerous application zones, for
example, checking, following, and controlling. For
some utilizations of WSN, security is an essential
necessity. In any case, security arrangements in
WSN vary from conventional systems because of
asset confinement and computational
requirements. This paper investigates security
arrangements: Tiny Sec, IEEE 802.15.4, Twists,
Mini SEC, LSec, LLSP, LISA, and Drawl in
WSN. The paper additionally introduces qualities,
security prerequisites, assaults, encryption
calculations, and operation modes. This paper is
thought to be valuable for security planners in
WSNs.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
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- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
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Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
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Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
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- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
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UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
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UI automation Sample
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https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
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See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
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DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
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Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
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Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdf
A030101001006
1. The International Journal Of Engineering And Science (IJES)
||Volume|| 3 ||Issue|| 01 || Pages || 01-06 || 2014||
ISSN (e): 2319 – 1813 ISSN (p): 2319 – 1805
Modeling Security with Localization of Multiple Spoofing
Attackers in Wireless Network
1,
Archana Shelar, 2, Guide: M.D.Ingale
1,
(M.E (Computer) student, Pune University)
2,
(Asst.Prof, Pune University)
------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT---------------------------------------------------As the current age is the age of computers, the wireless spoofing attacks that can be easily launched and these
attacks also degrade the performance of the system or networks. The cryptography can be used to maintain
security in such networks but such conventional approach can’t be desirable due to its overhead requirements.
Hence in this paper we propose to use RSS (Received Signal Strength) i.e. the spatial information which is the
physical property of each node. This physical property is not reliant on any cryptographic scheme and also it is
hard to falsify n hence essential to use. This paper mainly focuses on-A.To Detect spoofing attacks in the
network B. Determines the number of attackers C. Localizing multiple attackers.
The spoofing attacks can be detected using RSS (Received Signal Strength) and Medoids levels which
can be inherited from wireless nodes in the network. Also we then use the multiclass detection problem to find
number of spoofing attackers. Further the IDOL model is used to localize positions of actual attackers. Our
experimental results show that the techniques used in this paper provide high level of security with topmost hit
rate and precision, also it gives the accuracy in localizing multiple adversaries.
Keywords: - Spoofing attack, Attack detection, Localizing attack, Wireless network security.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----------Date of Submission: 20 December 2013
Date of Acceptance: 08 January 2014
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------
I.
INTRODUCTION.
As computing and performing networks are shifting from wired intrastructure to the wireless, mobile
and open communication networks, for increasing the speed of computation. But such networks are easily
susceptible for multiple and variety of adversary attacks like spoofing attacks [1][2][3][4]. Basically the identity
based spoofing attacks or masquerading attacks are easy to launch and also it can cause significant damage to
the network performance. Spoofing attacks also facilitate various types of traffic injection attacks, such as
attacks on access control Lists (ACL), rogue access point (AP) attacks, and eventually Denial of- Service (DoS)
attacks. The cryptographic techniques can be used to address such type of security violations.
However, the application of cryptographic schemes requires reliable key distribution, management, and
maintenance mechanisms. It is not always desirable to apply these cryptographic methods because of its
infrastructural, computational, and management overhead. Further, these cryptographic methods are also
susceptible to node compromise, which is a serious concern as most wireless nodes are easily accessible,
allowing their memory to be easily scanned. In this paper work we propose to use received signal strength
(RSS)-based spatial correlation. It can be used mainly for- A. Detect the presence of spoofing attacks
B.Determine the number of attackers C. Localize multiple adversaries and eliminate them.
RSS it’s a physical property associated with each node. It is also hard to falsify and not reliant on
cryptography. As here we are concerned with attackers with different locations than legitimate wireless nodes,
utilizing such spatial information to address spoofing attacks has the unique power to not only identify the
presence of these attacks but also localize adversaries. The enhanced advantage of this RSS based spatial corelation is that--it will not require any additional cost or modification to the wireless devices themselves.
Previously the Sheng et al. used RSS and K-means cluster analysis to detect spoofing attacks.
However, none of these approaches have the ability to determine the number of attackers when multiple
adversaries use the same identity to launch attacks, which is the basis to further localize multiple adversaries
after attack detection. The main focus of our work is—
www.theijes.com
The IJES
Page 1
2. Modeling Security with Localization of Multiple Spoofing Attackers in Wireless Network.
1. A generalized attack detection model (GADE): It can detect the spoofing attack in the network as
well as can determine the number of spoofing attackers in the same system. Here the attack detection can be
performed using Partitioning around Medoids (PAM) which calculates the medoid distance. If the medoid
distance value is small it means that spoofing attack is not detected but if it is large then it signifies that spoofing
attack is detected. Then we used cluster based Multiclass detection problem to determine number of spoofing
attackers. Also further we developed and used the SILENCE mechanism to improve the accuracy of finding
number of attackers.
2. Integrated detection and localization system (IDOL):-IDOL can detect the attacks and also can
accurately localize the positions of spoofing adversaries or attackers. Here IDOL model uses the results returned
by GADE model. One key observation is that IDOL can handle attackers using different transmission power
levels, and hence provides strong evidence of the effectiveness of localizing adversaries when there are multiple
attackers in the network.
The rest of the paper is organized as follows.
We provide the Existing Approach in Section 2.We provide Proposed system with model in section 3.We
describe cluster based Multiclass Detection Problem in section 4.Then we provide advanced IDOL model in
section 5.
II.
EXISTING TRADITIONAL APPROACH.
Cryptography is the traditional approach to prevent and detect spoofing attack. It needs secure key
management and respective framework. The Public Key Interface (PKI) can be used further to reduce the
overhead of key management [5][6]. Also to avoid key compromisation, wool implemented key management
mechanism with periodic key refresh and host revocation.
However such cryptographic authentication may not be always applicable because of the limited
resources on wireless devices and lacking of a fixed key management infrastructure in the wireless network.
For ex. The Wired Equivalent Privacy protocol is used in 802.11 networks to protect link-level data during
wireless transmission. It depicts Following properties:WEP relies on a secret key shared between the communicating parties to protect the body of a
transmitted frame of data. Encryption of a frame proceeds as follows:
Encryption: In the second stage, we encrypt the plaintext derived above using RC4. We choose an initialization
vector (IV). The RC4 algorithm generates a keystream i.e., a long sequence of pseudorandom bytes—as a
function of the IV and the key. This Then, we use exclusive-or (XOR, denoted by) the plaintext with the key
stream to obtain the ciphertext.
Transmission:
Finally, we transmit the IV and the ciphertext over the radio link.
Recently the current approaches use physical properties like RSS (Received Signal Strength) associated
with wireless nodes so as to address spoofing attacks in the wireless network. The channel-based authentication
scheme was proposed to discriminate between transmitters at different locations, and thus used to detect
spoofing attacks in wireless networks [8].Li and Trappe [4] introduced a security layer that used forge-resistant
relationships based on the packet traffic, including MAC sequence number and traffic pattern, to detect spoofing
attacks. The MAC sequence number has also been used in [9] to perform spoofing detection. Both the sequence
number and the traffic pattern can be manipulated by an adversary as long as the adversary learns the traffic
pattern under normal conditions. The basic RSS work was also proposed in [3], [7], [10]. However, none of
these approaches are capable of determining the number of attackers when there are multiple adversaries
collaborating to use the same identity to launch malicious attacks. Also they do not have the ability to localize
the positions of the adversaries after attack detection. Here is the main point that our work uses the spatial
information to detect the attacks instead of any cryptographic scheme, and hence it differs from the previous
techniques. Additionally our approach is innovative and more creative as it helps find number of spoofing
attackers and also gives the accuracy in localizing such multiple adversaries masquerading with the same
identity.
www.theijes.com
The IJES
Page 2
3. Modeling Security with Localization of Multiple Spoofing Attackers in Wireless Network.
III.
PROPOSED SYSTEM.
GADE
IDOL
Fig.1 gives the overall pictorial presentation of this new security technique.
Fig 1.Overall working view of the system
1.GADE(Generalised attack Detection Model):- Here we used to porpose RSS,a physical proprety
closely co-related with location in physical space and also it is readily available in the existing wireless
networks. As RSS can be affected due to random noise, environmental bias, and multipath effects then also the
RSS measured at a set of landmarks is closely related to the transmitter’s physical location [11].According to
this the RSS readings present strong spatial correlation characteristics.
The RSS vector is defined with value vector as- S= {s1, s2, s3… sn} where n is the number of
landmarks/access points that are monitoring the RSS of the wireless nodes and know their locations.
In case of spoofing attack, the two main elements are
Victim
Attacker
Here both can transmit data packets by using same ID and the RSS readings of that ID is the mixture of
readings measured from each individual node (i.e., spoofing node or victim node). Since under a spoofing
attack, the RSS readings from the victim node and the spoofing attackers are mixed together, this observation
suggests that we may conduct cluster analysis on top of RSS-based spatial correlation to find out the distance in
signal space and further detect the presence of spoofing attackers in physical space. In this paper work, we
propose to use Partitioning around Medoids (PAM) Method so as to perform clustering analysis in RSS. The
PAM Method is a popular iterative descent clustering algorithm [12]. Also the evaluation results showed that
PAM method is more robust than popular K-means clustering algorithm [13].Particularly our objective in this
method is to detect the presence of attacks. Here null hypothesis indicates that no spoofing attack. T is the Test
spec i.e. (Test specification) it is used to indicate wether observed data belongs to the null hypothesis or not. We
then consider the distance between two medoids as Dm.
Dm=║Mi-Mj║
Where Mi and Mj are the medoids of two clusters. Under normal condition (i.e. when there is no spoofing
attack) it is treated that basically there should be only one cluster from a single physical location. In such normal
case Dm should be small. However, under a spoofing attack, there is more than one node at different physical
locations claiming the same node identity. As a result, more than one cluster will be formed in the signal space
and hence Dm will be large as the medoids are derived from the different RSS clusters associated with different
locations in physical space. Finally this model suggests that if the value of D m distance is small then it means
that there is no spoofing attack present in the system. But if Dm distance is large then it means that spoofing
attack is detected.
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4. Modeling Security with Localization of Multiple Spoofing Attackers in Wireless Network.
IV.
MULTICLASS DETECTION PROBLEM.
Multiclass detection problem includes determining number of attackers and similar in determining how
many clusters existing in the RSS readings.
Pi=Ci
Ni= Ụ cj € C
Here C is the set of all classes.ci is the specific number of attackers under particular class.Ni is the all other class
as negative class. The related precision and F-measure are in[14].This gives the number of attackers in the
system.
4.1 SILENCE Mechanism.
Fig.2.Cluster Representation view
This SILENCE mechanism’s basic Silhouette Plot for cluster is in [17][18].Based on this observation
we developed SILENCE,SILhouette Plot and System EvolutioN with minimum distanCE of cluster. This
evaluates the minimum distance between clusters so as to improve the accuracy of determining the number of
Attackers. SILENCE gives the K as number of attackers in the system. This K also depends on Dm-that’s the
distance between medoids.
4.2 Support Vector Machine (SVM) based mechanism.
SVM is a set of kernel-based learning Methods for data classification that involves a training phase and
a testing phase [19]. Here each data instance in the training set consists of a target value (i.e., class label) and
several attributes (i.e., features).
The performance of determining number of spoofing attackers can be improved further by using SVM
based mechanism. In this section, Support Vector Machines is used to classify the number of spoofing attackers
and hence to improve the detection rate. SVM accurately predicts the number of attackers by using model based
on training data. The comparison between the results of SVM to those of Silhouette Plot, System Evolution and
SILENCE methods leads to the final decision that SVM is the best one as it gives significant increase in Hit rate,
Precision etc.
V.
IDOL.
This section gives the Integrated Detection and Localization Model. Our integrated detection and
localization system makes use of localization algorithm so as to detect or estimate the positions of adversaries or
attackers. Here this model utilizes RSS medoids returned from SILENCE as inputs to localization algorithms.
The resulted returned positions include the location estimate of the original node and the attacker in the physical
space. When an adversary residing at a physical location
Varies its transmission power to perform a spoofing attack, the difference of the RSS readings between
two different landmarks from the adversary is a constant since the RSS readings are obtained from a single
physical location. We can then utilize the difference of the medoids vectors in signal space obtained from
SILENCE to localize adversaries. In this way on improving [14] the advanced enhancement is obtained as
IDOL.
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5. Modeling Security with Localization of Multiple Spoofing Attackers in Wireless Network.
The proposed model makes use of three such localization algorithms:RADAR Grid algorithm
Area Based Probabilistic algorithm
Multilateration algorithm
1. RADAR Grid: This algorithm is the scene matching algorithm given in [15].It uses an interpolated signal map, which
is built from a set of averaged RSS readings with known (x, y) locations. It returns the x, y of the nearest
neighbor in the signal map to the one to localize, where ―nearest‖ is defined as the Euclidean distance of RSS
points in an N-dimensional signal space, where N is the number of landmarks.
2. Area Based Probabilistic algorithm:
This algorithm is given in [16].Then here it is further extended to give value of P (Li/S).
Here the given experimental area is divided into a regular grid of equal-sized tiles. ABP
Assumes the distribution of RSS for each landmark follows a Gaussian distribution with mean as the expected
value of RSS reading vector s. ABP then computes the probability of the wireless device being at each tile Li,
with i = 1 . . .L,
On the floor using Bayes’ rule
P (Li/S) = P(S/Li) × P (Li) ⁄ P(S)
This gives the probable area of location where the attackers or adversaries may be present. From this
probable location actual position of adversaries can be obtained in terms of x and y co-ordinates using
multilateration algorithm.
3. Multilateration algorithm:
Bayesian network localization is the multilateration algorithm [19].This proposed algorithm encodes
signal to distance propagation model into Bayesian Graphical Model for localization.
Fig 3.Bayesian Model Overview
Here Di represents the Euclidean distance between the location specified by X and Y. (xi, yi) be the coordinates of ith landmark.
VI.
CONCLUSION.
In this proposed work, we utilize the Received Signal Strength (RSS) -based spatial co-relation. RSS is
associated with wireless nodes as its physical property which is hard to falsify and not reliant on cryptography
as basis for detecting spoofing attacks in wireless networks. We provided the theoretical analysis of using RSSbased spatial co-relation readings with GADE so as to detect the spoofing attack in the system. The Multiclass
Detection problem, SILENCE mechanism proposed to detect number of adversaries in the network. Also further
SVM is proposed to improve the accuracy in detecting number of adversaries. Then enhanced IDOL model is
proposed to localize the attackers in the system. This integrated model utilizes number of attackers from
SILENCE mechanism and then using RADAR Gridded algorithm can find actual location and position of such
spoofing attackers in the wireless networks. To test the proposed system we conducted experiments, such results
from experiments also showed that this proposed technique reliant on RSS is more accurate and secure than
existing one.
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6. Modeling Security with Localization of Multiple Spoofing Attackers in Wireless Network.
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