Overview on compression and transport of CO2

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This document discusses CO2 compression and transport for carbon capture and storage (CCS) projects. It explains that CO2 needs to be compressed to around 2,200 psi for efficient pipeline transport and underground storage. Various compressor technologies are reviewed, including centrifugal, beam-style, and internally-geared compressors. New innovations in compressor design aim to improve reliability and reduce costs, such as internally-cooled compressor stages and supersonic compression. Pipeline transport is the most economical method for moving large volumes of CO2 over long distances. However, safety during transport is important due to CO2's hazards at high pressures and low temperatures.

CO2 Compression and Transport
Ron Munson and Neil Wildgust
Global CCS Institute
INTRODUCTION TO CAPTURE, USE AND GEOLOGICAL STORAGE OF CO2
January 22-23 2015
University of Sonora, Hermosillo
SUPPORTED BY:

Review of the Process – Post-Combustion
SUPPORTED BY:
PC Boiler
(With SCR)
Sulfur
Removal
Particulate
Removal
Ash
Coal
STEAM
CYCLE
CO2 Capture
Process*
ID Fan
Air
Power
CO2
Comp.
Flue Gas
CO2 To Storage
2,215 psia
Low Pressure Steam
Optional Bypass
(<90% Capture)

Review of the Process – Pre-Combustion
SUPPORTED BY:
Gasifier
&
Quench
Particulate
Removal
Slag
Coal
Steam
Turbine
CO2
Capture
Steam
Heat
Recovery
Air
Separation
Water
O2
N2Air
Water
Gas Shift
H2S
Removal
Steam
Sulfur
Recovery
Sulfur
Combustion
Turbine
Heat
Recovery
Air
Electric
Power
Flue Gas
Electric
Power
Fuel Gas
Steam
POWER BLOCK
CO2
Conditioning
Fuel Gas
Conditioning
w/reheatH2O / N2
CO2 to
StorageVent
Syngas
Cooling
Water

Why Do We Need to Compress the CO2?
SUPPORTED BY:
• Volume Reduction
Transport
 Reduce size of pipelines – lower capital cost
Storage
 Drops out water
 Reduces need for pore space

CO2 Compression and Purity Requirements
SUPPORTED BY:
• Compressed to 2200 psi for transport and storage
• Minimum 95% CO2 content

Impact of Compression on CCS Cost
SUPPORTED BY:
*No Capture Base = 64 mills/kWh
*90% CO2 Capture
*Compression to 2,200 Psia
*50 Mile Pipeline + Saline Formation Storage + 100 Years Monitoring
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
PercentIncreaseinCOE
Trans., Stor., & Monit.
Compression Capital
Capture Capital
Capture Operating
Capture Steam
Capture Aux. Power
Compression power
2%
Parasitic Power
h COE by 52%
Operating Cost
h COE by 7%
Capital Cost
h COE by 27%

Centrifugal Compression
SUPPORTED BY:
• High volume flows
• Unique
characteristics of CO2
for compressor
design
Real gas effects
High volume
reduction
Low speed of sound
Avoiding liquid
formation

Beam-Style Compressors
SUPPORTED BY:
• Commonly used in
petrochemical and natural
gas industries
• Straight through or back-to-
back configurations
• Intercooling between 2
sections and/or between
units
• High reliability – minimal bearings/seals
• High pressure – up to 15,000 psi

Internally-geared Compressors
SUPPORTED BY:
• Electric motor drives large
bull gear that drives multiple
pinion gears with centrifugal
compressors on each end
• Gear speeds increase with
pressure
• Separate inlet and outlet
flanges permit intercooling at
each stage
• Potential reliability issues – many bearings, seals,
and unshrouded impellers

Why interest in isothermal compression?
SUPPORTED BY:

Innovations in Compressor Design
SUPPORTED BY:
• Internally-cooled
compressor
stage
Performance of
internally-geared
compressor
Reliability of
beam-style
compressor
Reduced overall
footprint
─ Red - CO2 flow
path through
compressor stage
─ Blue - Liquid
cooling in the
diaphragm
─ Grey - Solid

Innovations in Compressor Design
SUPPORTED BY:
• Supersonic shock
wave compression
1/10th the physical
size
40 – 50% of the
installed capital cost
Heat integration to
offset energy penalty
10:1 compression
ratio
2-stage system

Pipeline Transport Systems
SUPPORTED BY:

CO2 Transport Hazards
SUPPORTED BY:
•Low temperature releases
•High pressures
•Corrosion
•High vapour density
•Detection issues

CO2 Transport Hazards
• CO2 can be tolerated in
quite high
concentrations without
permanent risk to
health
• BUT if those exposed
have key tasks to
execute their response
may be impaired
• THUS need to consider
effects during
emergency situations
SUPPORTED BY:

Thank you!
INTRODUCTION TO CAPTURE, USE AND GEOLOGICAL STORAGE OF CO2
January 22-23 2015
University of Sonora, Hermosillo
SUPPORTED BY:

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Webinar Series: Public engagement, education and outreach for CCS. Part 4: Is...

Global CCS Institute

Teesside Collective has been developing a financial support mechanism to kickstart an Industrial Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) network in the UK. This project would transform the Teesside economy, which could act as a pilot area in the UK as part of the Government’s Industrial Strategy. The final report– produced by Pöyry Management Consulting in partnership with Teesside Collective – outlines how near-term investment in CCS can be a cost-effective, attractive proposition for both Government and energy-intensive industry. The report was published on Teesside Collective’s website on 7 February. You will be able to view copies of the report in advance of the webinar. We were delighted to welcome Sarah Tennison from Tees Valley Combined Authority back onto the webinar programme. Sarah was joined by Phil Hare and Stuart Murray from Pöyry Management Consulting, to take us through the detail of the model and business case for Industrial CCS. This webinar offered a rare opportunity to speak directly with these project developers and understand more about their proposed financial support mechanism.

Laboratory-scale geochemical and geomechanical testing of near wellbore CO2 i...

Global CCS Institute

To highlight the research and achievements of Australian researchers, the Global CCS Institute together with ANLEC R&D will hold a series of webinars throughout 2016 and 2017. Each webinar will highlight a specific ANLEC R&D research project and the relevant report found on the Institute’s website. This is the sixth webinar of the series and presented the results of chemical and mechanical changes that carbon dioxide (CO2) may have at a prospective storage complex in the Surat Basin, Queensland, Australia. Earth Sciences and Chemical Engineering researchers at the University of Queensland have been investigating the effects of supercritical CO2 injection on reservoir properties in the near wellbore region as a result of geochemical reactions since 2011. The near wellbore area is critical for CO2 injection into deep geological formations as most of the resistance to flow occurs in this region. Any changes to the permeability can have significant economic impact in terms of well utilisation efficiency and compression costs. In the far field, away from the well, the affected reservoir is much larger and changes to permeability through blocking or enhancement have relatively low impact. This webinar was presented by Prof Sue Golding and Dr Grant Dawson and will provide an overview of the findings of the research to assist understanding of the beneficial effects and commercial consequences of near wellbore injectivity enhancement as a result of geochemical reactions.

Webinar Series: Public engagement, education and outreach for CCS. Part 3: Ca...

Global CCS Institute

The third webinar in the public engagement, education and outreach for CCS Series digged deeper, perhaps multiple kilometres deeper, to explore successful methods for engaging the public on the often misunderstood topic of carbon (CO2) storage. Forget bad experiences of high school geology, we kick-started our 2017 webinar program with three ‘rock stars’ of CO2 storage communication – Dr Linda Stalker, Science Director of Australia’s National Geosequestration Laboratory, Lori Gauvreau, Communication and Engagement Specialist for Schlumberger Carbon Services, and Norm Sacuta, Communication Manager at the Petroleum Technology Research Centre who all joined Kirsty Anderson, the Institute’s Senior Advisor on Public Engagement, to discuss the challenges of communicating about CO2 storage. They shared tips, tools and some creative solutions for getting people engaged with this topic. This entire Webinar Series has been designed to hear directly from the experts and project practitioners researching and delivering public engagement, education and outreach best practice for carbon capture and storage. This third webinar was less focused on research and more on the real project problems and best practice solutions. It is a must for anyone interested in science communication/education and keen to access resources and ideas to make their own communications more engaging.

Water use of thermal power plants equipped with CO2 capture systems

Global CCS Institute

The potential for increased water use has often been noted as a challenge to the widespread deployment of carbon capture and storage (CCS) to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. Early studies, that are widely referenced and cited in discussions of CCS, indicated that installation of a capture system would nearly double water consumption for thermal power generation, while more recent studies show different results. The Global CCS Institute has conducted a comprehensive review of data available in order to clarify messages around water consumption associated with installation of a capture system. Changes in water use estimates over time have been evaluated in terms of capture technology, cooling systems, and how the data are reported. Guido Magneschi, Institute’s Senior Advisor – Carbon Capture, and co-author of the study, presented the results of the review and illustrated the main conclusions.

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