This document provides information for modeling a natural gas processing facility, including:
- Natural gas composition and operating parameters for primary and secondary reforming, shift conversion, CO2 removal, and methane production.
- Chemical reactions and conversion rates for each unit operation.
- Stream tables showing flow rates and compositions entering and leaving each unit.
- The goal is to produce sweetened pipeline quality methane while maximizing hydrogen production.
In the plant, ammonia is produced from synthesis gas containing hydrogen and nitrogen in the ratio of approximately 3:1. Besides these components, the synthesis gas contains inert gases such as argon and methane to a limited extent. The source of H2 is demineralized water and the hydrocarbons in the natural gas. The source of N2 is the atmospheric air. The source of CO2 is the hydrocarbons in the natural gas feed. Product ammonia and CO2 is sent to urea plant. The present article intended the description of ammonia plant for natural gas based plants and the possible material balance of some section.
This is great Presentation with 3D effects which is all about production of ammonia from natural gas.
I am damn sure you will be getting everything here searching for.
its better to download it and then run in powerpoint 2013.
Purpose
Key to good performance
Problem Areas
Catalysts, heat shields and plant up-rates
Burner Guns
Development of High Intensity Ring Burner
Case Studies
Conclusions
Look at two main types
Explain mechanisms
Explain prevention of cracking
Three main types
1 Carbon cracking
2 Boudouard carbon formation
3 CO reduction
In the plant, ammonia is produced from synthesis gas containing hydrogen and nitrogen in the ratio of approximately 3:1. Besides these components, the synthesis gas contains inert gases such as argon and methane to a limited extent. The source of H2 is demineralized water and the hydrocarbons in the natural gas. The source of N2 is the atmospheric air. The source of CO2 is the hydrocarbons in the natural gas feed. Product ammonia and CO2 is sent to urea plant. The present article intended the description of ammonia plant for natural gas based plants and the possible material balance of some section.
This is great Presentation with 3D effects which is all about production of ammonia from natural gas.
I am damn sure you will be getting everything here searching for.
its better to download it and then run in powerpoint 2013.
Purpose
Key to good performance
Problem Areas
Catalysts, heat shields and plant up-rates
Burner Guns
Development of High Intensity Ring Burner
Case Studies
Conclusions
Look at two main types
Explain mechanisms
Explain prevention of cracking
Three main types
1 Carbon cracking
2 Boudouard carbon formation
3 CO reduction
Introduction and Theoretical Aspects
Catalyst Reduction and Start-up
Normal Operation and Troubleshooting
Shutdown and Catalyst Discharge
Nickel Carbonyl Hazard
Modern Methanation Catalyst Requirements
Most modern ammonia processes are based on steam-reforming of natural gas or naphtha.
The 3 main technology suppliers are Uhde (Uhde/JM Partnership), Topsoe & KBR.
The process steps are very similar in all cases.
Other suppliers are Linde (LAC) & Ammonia Casale.
(HTS) High Temperature Shift Catalyst (VSG-F101) - Comprehensiev OverviewGerard B. Hawkins
The high temperature shift duty introduction and theory
HTS catalyst characteristics
developments over time
Typical HTS operational problems
Improved catalysts
VULCAN Series VSG-F101 Series
Summary
A case study on Process Condensate Stripper in Ammonia Plant by Prem Baboo.pdfPremBaboo4
A trouble shooting case study in Fertilizers unit, India.Solving the problem of Feed/Effluent Exchanger E-3321A/B in Process Condensate stripping section of Ammonia plant by Analytical approach. The problem solved by in house experts without changing the heat exchangers while others plant change the heat exchangers. Number of modification done and huge amount of energy saved. The paper intended how to save energy by changing heat exchanger and pressure of PC Stripper. The treated process condensate was earlier cooled by CW in final cooler from about 90ºC to 40ºC. This available heat of PC is being recovered by exchanging heat with DM water in a plate heat exchanger. The pressure of PC stripper has been raised to about 1.5 kg/cm²g to make the extra heat recovery possible. Now pressure is 41.5 kg/cm2. A new Plate heat exchanger was procured & installed for the heat recovery.
High level introduction
Mainstream syngas = steam reforming processes
Ammonia; methanol; hydrogen/HyCO
Town gas
Steam reforming; low pressure cyclic
Direct reduction iron (DRI)
HYL type processes; Midrex type processes
This slides shows vocational training which i've done at ammonia-4 plant at GSFC LTD.
There are some tasks that given by our university that we have done here.
1. Introduction reasons for purification, types of poisons, and typical systems
2. Hydrogenation
3. Dechlorination
4. Sulfur Removal
5. Purification system start-up and shut-down
Steam Reforming - The Basics of reforming, shapes and carbon:
Steam Reforming Catalysis :
Chemical reactions
Catalyst shape design
Catalyst chemistry
Carbon formation and removal
Pre-reforming
Flow-schemes
Feed-stocks
Catalyst handling, loading & start-up
Benefits of a pre-reformer
Case studies
Effects upon primary reformer
Data analysis
Reactor temperature profiles
Catalyst management
Summary
- Process effects of pre-reforming
- Process benefits of pre-reforming
- Effect of Pre-reformer Inlet Temp on Primary Reformer Efficiency
- Services for Pre-reforming
Pre-Reforming Problems
- Features: Impact of Sulfur
- High Temperature Operation
- Catalyst Deactivation
- Which is Better - High or Low Inlet Temperatures ?
- Pre Reformer Loading
- Pre-Reformer Installation
- Pre-reformer Startup
- Catalyst Drying
- Catalyst Heating
- Reduction
Introduction and Theoretical Aspects
Catalyst Reduction and Start-up
Normal Operation and Troubleshooting
Shutdown and Catalyst Discharge
Nickel Carbonyl Hazard
Modern Methanation Catalyst Requirements
Most modern ammonia processes are based on steam-reforming of natural gas or naphtha.
The 3 main technology suppliers are Uhde (Uhde/JM Partnership), Topsoe & KBR.
The process steps are very similar in all cases.
Other suppliers are Linde (LAC) & Ammonia Casale.
(HTS) High Temperature Shift Catalyst (VSG-F101) - Comprehensiev OverviewGerard B. Hawkins
The high temperature shift duty introduction and theory
HTS catalyst characteristics
developments over time
Typical HTS operational problems
Improved catalysts
VULCAN Series VSG-F101 Series
Summary
A case study on Process Condensate Stripper in Ammonia Plant by Prem Baboo.pdfPremBaboo4
A trouble shooting case study in Fertilizers unit, India.Solving the problem of Feed/Effluent Exchanger E-3321A/B in Process Condensate stripping section of Ammonia plant by Analytical approach. The problem solved by in house experts without changing the heat exchangers while others plant change the heat exchangers. Number of modification done and huge amount of energy saved. The paper intended how to save energy by changing heat exchanger and pressure of PC Stripper. The treated process condensate was earlier cooled by CW in final cooler from about 90ºC to 40ºC. This available heat of PC is being recovered by exchanging heat with DM water in a plate heat exchanger. The pressure of PC stripper has been raised to about 1.5 kg/cm²g to make the extra heat recovery possible. Now pressure is 41.5 kg/cm2. A new Plate heat exchanger was procured & installed for the heat recovery.
High level introduction
Mainstream syngas = steam reforming processes
Ammonia; methanol; hydrogen/HyCO
Town gas
Steam reforming; low pressure cyclic
Direct reduction iron (DRI)
HYL type processes; Midrex type processes
This slides shows vocational training which i've done at ammonia-4 plant at GSFC LTD.
There are some tasks that given by our university that we have done here.
1. Introduction reasons for purification, types of poisons, and typical systems
2. Hydrogenation
3. Dechlorination
4. Sulfur Removal
5. Purification system start-up and shut-down
Steam Reforming - The Basics of reforming, shapes and carbon:
Steam Reforming Catalysis :
Chemical reactions
Catalyst shape design
Catalyst chemistry
Carbon formation and removal
Pre-reforming
Flow-schemes
Feed-stocks
Catalyst handling, loading & start-up
Benefits of a pre-reformer
Case studies
Effects upon primary reformer
Data analysis
Reactor temperature profiles
Catalyst management
Summary
- Process effects of pre-reforming
- Process benefits of pre-reforming
- Effect of Pre-reformer Inlet Temp on Primary Reformer Efficiency
- Services for Pre-reforming
Pre-Reforming Problems
- Features: Impact of Sulfur
- High Temperature Operation
- Catalyst Deactivation
- Which is Better - High or Low Inlet Temperatures ?
- Pre Reformer Loading
- Pre-Reformer Installation
- Pre-reformer Startup
- Catalyst Drying
- Catalyst Heating
- Reduction
Reactor design is one of the important part of chemical engineering equipment design, This presentation gives you ideas about what terms to consider while doing the design of equipment for the process
Production of 1-Tetradecene at 100 tons per yearaman_hb
The purpose of the project is to study the production of 1-Tetradecene through processing and refining process method and to perform energy balance, material balance and design the equipments involved in this process. We used chemcad chemstation software for process simulation and determining the phase envelope graph. We created a component, 1-octacosene in component database of chemcad simulation software.
Application on Semi-aerobic Landfill. Technology in in Tropical Climate: Lysi...CRL Asia
Presentation file on Application on Semi-aerobic Landfill. Technology in in Tropical Climate: Lysimeter experiment of Thailand (Created: SWGA Chart Chiemchaisri)
Experimental and Process Modelling Study of Integration of a Micro-turbine with an Amine Plant - presentation by Elvis Agbonghae of the University of Leeds at the UKCCSRC Natural Gas CCS Network Meeting at GHGT-12, Austin, Texas, October 2014
Presentation given by Richard T. J. Porter from ETII, University of Leeds, on "CO2QUEST Typical Impurities in Captured CO2 Streams" at the EC FP7 Projects: Leading the way in CCS implementation event, London, 14-15 April 2014
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
From Siloed Products to Connected Ecosystem: Building a Sustainable and Scala...
Ammonia mass-balance
1. Cells for Input
Cells for Auto calcs
Natural Gas Composition (mol%)
Methane 92
Ethane 2
Propane 2
Butane 1
Nitrogen 2
Carbondioxide 1
Total 100
Pressure 900
Temperature 120
Basis 100
Desired Production Rate 3000
Stream Factor 345
Operating hours 8280
Max. Hydrocarbon conc. in Steam reformer outlet gas 0.50%
Steam to hydrocarbon ratio in Primary Reformer 3
2. ells for Input
ells for Auto calcs
psig
°F
lbmol/hr of Natural Gas Feed
Tonnes/day
days
hours
5. Secondary Reformer
Exit Temperature 1000
Pressure 890
Pressure Drop 10
Air
Reactions in Secondary Reform
based on CH4 Reaction 1 CH4 + H2O = CO + 3H2
based on C2H6 Reaction 2 CH4 + 2O2 = CO2 + 2H2O
based on C3H8 Reaction 3 2CO + O2 = 2CO2
based on C4H10 Reaction 4 CH4 + 2CO + 3O2 = 3CO2 + 2H2
based on CO
Stream 2 (Steam) Stream 3
Mol% Mol%
- - - 4.13 23.00
- - - 0.00 0.00
- - - 0.00 0.00
- - - 0.00 0.00
- - - 0.36 2.00
- - - 6.14 34.20
- - - 8.94 49.80
- - - 49.05 273.20
- - - - -
100 291 5238 31.38 174.8
100 291 5238 100 557
Total Secondary Reformer Inlet
Nitrogen in 113.83
Total air 144.09
O2 with Air 30.26
CH4 Consumption
Reaction 4 10.09
Reaction 1 10.98
Mole Flow
(mol/hr)
Mass Flow
(lb/hr)
Mole Flow
(mol/hr)
Primary
Reformer
Secondary
Reformer
4
3 5
6. CO Production
Reaction 1 10.98
CO Consumption
Reaction 4 20.17
CO2 Production
Reaction 4 30.26
H2 production
Reaction 1 32.93
Steam Consumption
Reaction 1 10.98
Steam Production
Reaction 4 20.17
24. N2 Consume Feed Stream Inert
Reaction 1 85.18 lbmol/hr Required Inert Conc.
NH3 Produced Purge Stream 20 flow
Reaction 1 170.36 lbmol/hr Recycle Stream 21 Flow
Iteration No. 3
Components Mol. Wt
Stream 16 (Methanator Outlet)
Mol%
Methane 16 0.78 3.59 57.40
Nitrogen 28 25.20 116.06 3249.76
Hydrogen 2 74.02 340.87 681.74
Ammonia 17 0.00 0.00 0.00
Total 100 460.5 3988.9
H2 Consume Calculations for Purge stream 20 Rate
Reaction 1 255.65 lbmol/hr Feed Stream Flow
N2 Consume Feed Stream Inert
Reaction 1 85.22 lbmol/hr Required Inert Conc.
NH3 Produced Purge Stream 20 flow
Reaction 1 170.44 lbmol/hr Recycle Stream 21 Flow
Iteration No. 4
Components Mol. Wt
Stream 16 (Methanator Outlet)
Mol%
Methane 16 0.78 3.59 57.43
Nitrogen 28 25.20 116.08 3250.19
Hydrogen 2 74.02 340.91 681.83
Ammonia 17 0.00 0.00 0.00
Total 100 460.6 3989.4
H2 Consume Calculations for Purge stream 20 Rate
Reaction 1 255.68 lbmol/hr Feed Stream Flow
N2 Consume Feed Stream Inert
Reaction 1 85.23 lbmol/hr Required Inert Conc.
NH3 Produced Purge Stream 20 flow
Reaction 1 170.46 lbmol/hr Recycle Stream 21 Flow
Note: This indicates that at the start-up, until the system get stabilized, recycle is required after that all the stream sh
Mole Flow
(mol/hr)
Mass Flow
(lb/hr)
Mole Flow
(mol/hr)
Mass Flow
(lb/hr)
25. Scale up Factor Calculations
NH3 production based on 100 lbmol/hr of Natural Gas Feed
Scale up Factor
All the stream flow should be multiplied by this factor to get the desired production rate.
