1. CO2 Compression and Transport
Ron Munson and Neil Wildgust
Global CCS Institute
Workshop for Civil, Chemical, Electrical, Environmental, and Mechanical Engineers:
Introduction to Capture, Use, and Geological Storage of CO2
October 13 - 14, 2014
DF CFE Technology Museum
SUPPORTED BY:

2. Review of the Process – Post-Combustion
PC Boiler
(With SCR)
SUPPORTED BY:
Sulfur
Removal
Particulate
Removal
Ash
Coal
STEAM
CYCLE
Optional Bypass
(<90% Capture)
CO2 Capture
Process*
ID Fan
Air
Power
CO2
Comp.
Flue Gas
CO2 To Storage
2,215 psia
Low Pressure Steam

3. Review of the Process – Pre-Combustion
Air N2
Gasifier
&
Quench
Vent Storage
SUPPORTED BY:
Particulate
Removal
Slag
Coal
Steam
Turbine
CO2
Capture
Steam
Heat
Recovery
Air
Separation
CO2 to
Water
O2
Water
Gas Shift
H2S
Removal
Steam
Sulfur
Recovery
Sulfur
Combustion
Turbine
Heat
Recovery
Air
Electric
Power
Flue Gas
Electric
Power
Fuel Gas
Steam
POWER BLOCK
CO2
Conditioning
Fuel Gas
Conditioning
H2O / N2 w/reheat
Syngas
Cooling
Water

4. Why Do We Need to Compress the CO2?
• Volume Reduction
Transport
 Reduce size of pipelines – lower capital cost
Storage
 Drops out water
 Reduces need for pore space
SUPPORTED BY:

5. CO2 Compression and Purity Requirements
• Compressed to 2200 psi for transport and storage
• Minimum 95% CO2 content
SUPPORTED BY:

6. Impact of Compression on CCS Cost
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Capital Cost
h COE by 27%
Operating Cost
h COE by 7%
*No Capture Base = 64 mills/kWh
*90% CO2 Capture
*Compression to 2,200 Psia
*50 Mile Pipeline + Saline Formation Storage + 100 Years Monitoring
SUPPORTED BY:
Percent Increase in COE
Trans., Stor., & Monit.
Compression Capital
Capture Capital
Capture Operating
Capture Steam
Capture Aux. Power
Compression power
2%
Parasitic Power
h COE by 52%

7. Centrifugal Compression
• High volume flows
• Unique
characteristics of CO2
for compressor
design
Real gas effects
High volume
reduction
Low speed of sound
Avoiding liquid
formation
SUPPORTED BY:

8. Beam-Style Compressors
• Commonly used in
petrochemical and natural
gas industries
• Straight through or back-to-back
configurations
• Intercooling between 2
sections and/or between
units
• High reliability – minimal bearings/seals
• High pressure – up to 15,000 psi
SUPPORTED BY:

9. Internally-geared Compressors
• Electric motor drives large
bull gear that drives multiple
pinion gears with centrifugal
compressors on each end
• Gear speeds increase with
pressure
• Separate inlet and outlet
flanges permit intercooling at
each stage
• Potential reliability issues – many bearings, seals,
and unshrouded impellers
SUPPORTED BY:

10. Why interest in isothermal compression?
SUPPORTED BY:

11. Innovations in Compressor Design
• Internally-cooled
compressor
stage
Performance of
internally-geared
compressor
Reliability of
beam-style
compressor
Reduced overall
footprint
SUPPORTED BY:
─ Red - CO2 flow
path through
compressor stage
─ Blue - Liquid
cooling in the
diaphragm
─ Grey - Solid

12. Innovations in Compressor Design
• Supersonic shock
wave compression
1/10th the physical
size
40 – 50% of the
installed capital cost
Heat integration to
offset energy penalty
10:1 compression
ratio
2-stage system
SUPPORTED BY:

13. Pipeline Transport Systems
SUPPORTED BY:

14. Pipeline Costs
SUPPORTED BY:

15. Ship Transport
SUPPORTED BY:

17. CO2 Transport Hazards
•Low temperature releases
•High pressures
•Corrosion
•High vapour density
•Detection issues
SUPPORTED BY:

18. CO2 Transport Hazards
• CO2 can be tolerated in
quite high
concentrations without
permanent risk to
health
• BUT if those exposed
have key tasks to
execute their response
may be impaired
• THUS need to consider
effects during
emergency situations
SUPPORTED BY:

19. Pipeline Depressurization
SUPPORTED BY:

20. End.
Workshop for Civil, Chemical, Electrical, Environmental, and Mechanical Engineers:
Introduction to Capture, Use, and Geological Storage of CO2
SUPPORTED BY:
October 13 - 14, 2014
DF CFE Technology Museum