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A look at our nearest
neighbor in Space!
The Moon
Free powerpoints at http://www.worldofteaching.com
What is the Moon?
• A natural satellite
• One of more than 96 moons in
our Solar System
• The only moon of the planet
Earth
Location, location, location!
• About 384,000 km
(240,000 miles)
from Earth
• 3,468 km (2,155
miles) in diameter
(about ¼ the size of
Earth)
Birth of the Moon
• “Born” 4-5 billion
years ago
• Formed from impact
of Mars-sized
“planetesimal” on
Earth
• Debris from both
objects melted
together to form the
Moon
Cut to the Core
• 3 major divisions
of the Lunar
interior
• Crust - average
thickness of about
70 kilometers
• Mantle
• Core - radius is
between 300 and
425 kilometers
The Moon’s Surface
• No atmosphere
• No liquid water
• Extreme
temperatures
– Daytime = 130°C
(265°F)
– Nighttime = -190°C
(-310 °F)
• 1/6 Earth’s gravity
Lunar Features - Highlands
• Mountains up to 7500 m
(25,000 ft) tall
• Rilles (trenchlike
valleys)
Lunar Features - Craters
• Up to 2500 km (1,553 miles) across
• Most formed by meteorite impact on the Moon
• Some formed by volcanic action inside the Moon
Lunar Features - Maria
• Originally thought to be
“seas” by early
astronomers
• Darkest parts of lunar
landscape
• Filled by lava after crash
of huge meteorites on
lunar surface 3-4 billion
years ago
• Mostly basalt rock
Maria
Craters
Can you see the rays?
Does this photo show
us a limb or terminator
line?
Movements of the Moon
• Revolution – Moon orbits
the Earth every 27 and 1/3
days
• The moon rises in the east
and sets in the west
• The moon rises and sets
50 minutes later each day
• Rotation – Moon turns on
its axis every 27 days
• Same side of Moon
always faces Earth
Far Side of the Moon
• First seen by Luna 3
Russian space probe in
1959
• Surface features
different from near
side
– More craters
– Very few maria
– Thicker crust
It’s Just a Phase
• Moonlight is reflected
sunlight
• Half the moon’s surface is
always reflecting light
• From Earth we see
different amounts of the
Moon’s lit surface
• The amount seen is called
a “phase”
Waxing and Waning
• New moon
• Waxing Crescent moon
• First Quarter moon
• Waxing Gibbous moon
• Full moon
• Waning Gibbous moon
• Third Quarter moon
• Waning Crescent moon
• New moon
earth
moon orbit`s
earth
last (third)quarter
gibbous moon
full moon
gibbous moon
first quarter
crescent
new moon
crescent
waning Moon
waxing Moon
SUN
FULL
QUARTER
CRESCENT
GIBBOUS
FOUR MAIN SHAPES
Earth
Moon
Moon
Plane of earth’s orbit
Plane of lunar orbit
Lunar Eclipses
• Moon moves into
Earth’s shadow – this
shadow darkens the
Moon
– Umbra
– Penumbra
• About 2-3 per year
• Last up to 4 hours
Solar Eclipses
• Moon moves between
Earth and Sun
• Moon casts a shadow
on part of the Earth
• Total eclipses rare –
only once every 360
years from one
location!
The Tides
• Tides caused by pull of Moon’s gravity on Earth
• High tide –
– Side facing Moon and side away from Moon
– Every 12 hours, 25 ½ minutes
• Low tide –
– On sides of Earth

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Our moon

  • 1. A look at our nearest neighbor in Space! The Moon Free powerpoints at http://www.worldofteaching.com
  • 2. What is the Moon? • A natural satellite • One of more than 96 moons in our Solar System • The only moon of the planet Earth
  • 3. Location, location, location! • About 384,000 km (240,000 miles) from Earth • 3,468 km (2,155 miles) in diameter (about ¼ the size of Earth)
  • 4. Birth of the Moon • “Born” 4-5 billion years ago • Formed from impact of Mars-sized “planetesimal” on Earth • Debris from both objects melted together to form the Moon
  • 5. Cut to the Core • 3 major divisions of the Lunar interior • Crust - average thickness of about 70 kilometers • Mantle • Core - radius is between 300 and 425 kilometers
  • 6. The Moon’s Surface • No atmosphere • No liquid water • Extreme temperatures – Daytime = 130°C (265°F) – Nighttime = -190°C (-310 °F) • 1/6 Earth’s gravity
  • 7. Lunar Features - Highlands • Mountains up to 7500 m (25,000 ft) tall • Rilles (trenchlike valleys)
  • 8. Lunar Features - Craters • Up to 2500 km (1,553 miles) across • Most formed by meteorite impact on the Moon • Some formed by volcanic action inside the Moon
  • 9. Lunar Features - Maria • Originally thought to be “seas” by early astronomers • Darkest parts of lunar landscape • Filled by lava after crash of huge meteorites on lunar surface 3-4 billion years ago • Mostly basalt rock
  • 10. Maria Craters Can you see the rays? Does this photo show us a limb or terminator line?
  • 11. Movements of the Moon • Revolution – Moon orbits the Earth every 27 and 1/3 days • The moon rises in the east and sets in the west • The moon rises and sets 50 minutes later each day • Rotation – Moon turns on its axis every 27 days • Same side of Moon always faces Earth
  • 12. Far Side of the Moon • First seen by Luna 3 Russian space probe in 1959 • Surface features different from near side – More craters – Very few maria – Thicker crust
  • 13. It’s Just a Phase • Moonlight is reflected sunlight • Half the moon’s surface is always reflecting light • From Earth we see different amounts of the Moon’s lit surface • The amount seen is called a “phase”
  • 14. Waxing and Waning • New moon • Waxing Crescent moon • First Quarter moon • Waxing Gibbous moon • Full moon • Waning Gibbous moon • Third Quarter moon • Waning Crescent moon • New moon earth moon orbit`s earth last (third)quarter gibbous moon full moon gibbous moon first quarter crescent new moon crescent waning Moon waxing Moon SUN
  • 16.
  • 17. Earth Moon Moon Plane of earth’s orbit Plane of lunar orbit
  • 18. Lunar Eclipses • Moon moves into Earth’s shadow – this shadow darkens the Moon – Umbra – Penumbra • About 2-3 per year • Last up to 4 hours
  • 19. Solar Eclipses • Moon moves between Earth and Sun • Moon casts a shadow on part of the Earth • Total eclipses rare – only once every 360 years from one location!
  • 20. The Tides • Tides caused by pull of Moon’s gravity on Earth • High tide – – Side facing Moon and side away from Moon – Every 12 hours, 25 ½ minutes • Low tide – – On sides of Earth