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2. What is the moon?
• A natural satellite
• One of more than the 96 moons in
our solar system
• The only moon of the planet Earth

3. LOCATION AND SIZE
• About 384,000
kilometers (240,000
miles) from Earth
• 3,468 kilometers
(2,155 miles) in
diameter
• About ¼ the size of
Earth

4. Movements of the Moon
• Orbit is an ellipse, not circular
• Apogee (farthest from Earth)
• Perigee (closest to Earth)
• Revolution – Moon orbits the
Earth every 27 1/3 days
• The moon rises in the East and
sets in the West
• The moon rises and sets 50
minutes later each day
• Rotation – Moon turns on its axis
every 27 days
• Same side of the Moon always
faces Earth

5. As the Moon
completes its
revolution in about a
month’s time, we
always see the same
side facing us.
Movements of the Moon

6. Because the moon’s
period of rotation is
equal to its period of
revolution (Scientists
call this
SYNCHRONOUS
ROTATION).
Movements of the Moon

7. Galileo, with the aid of his telescope,
was the first to explore the moon’s
surface. He found that its surface is
covered with crates, mountains, valleys
and flat plains.
Movements of the Moon

8. The Moon’s Surface
• No atmosphere
• No liquid water
• Extreme temperatures
– Daytime = 130°C
(265° F)
– Nighttime = -190°C
(-310°F)
• 1/6 of Earth’s gravity

9. The Moon’s Surface
• Lunar rocks and dust cover most of the surface
• This layer is called the regolith
• 1 – 6 meters deep
• The lack of an atmosphere let many more meteorites
strike the moon’s surface, creating this layer of
crushed rock.
• Anorthosites are light-colored, coarse-grained rocks
found in the lunar highlands.
• Breccia contains fragments of other rocks that have
melted together, and are found everywhere on the
moon.

10. Lunar Features – Craters
• Bowl shaped depressions
• Up to 2500 kilometers (1,553 miles) across
• Most formed by meteorite impact on the Moon
• Some formed by volcanic action inside the Moon

11. Lunar Features – Craters
• When meteorites struck
the surface they
“displaced material”
• Like a “splash”
• Marks left are called
rays

12. DO YOU
KNOW?
There are
about 30,000
craters of
varying sizes.
TRIVIA

13. Lunar Features – Highlands
• Mountains up to 7500
meters (25,000 feet)
tall
• Rilles (trenchlike
valleys)

14. PHASES OF THE MOON

15. 1. New Moon
• The Moon's not
illuminated side is
facing the Earth.
• The Moon is not visible
(except during a solar
eclipse).

16. 2. Waxing Crescent
• The Moon appears to be
partly but less than one-
half illuminated by direct
sunlight.
• The fraction of the Moon's
disk that is illuminated is
increasing.

17. 3. First Quarter
• One-half of the Moon
appears to be illuminated
by direct sunlight.
• The fraction of the
Moon's disk that is
illuminated is
increasing.

18. 4. Waxing Gibbous
• The Moon appears to be
more than one-half but
not fully illuminated by
direct sunlight.
• The fraction of the
Moon's disk that is
illuminated is
increasing.

19. 5. Full Moon
• The Moon's illuminated
side is facing the Earth.
• The Moon appears to be
completely illuminated
by direct sunlight.

20. 6. Waning Gibbous
• The Moon appears to be
more than one-half but
not fully illuminated by
direct sunlight.
• The fraction of the
Moon's disk that is
illuminated is
decreasing.

21. 7. Last Quarter
• One-half of the Moon
appears to be illuminated
by direct sunlight.
• The fraction of the
Moon's disk that is
illuminated is
decreasing.

22. 8. Waning Crescent
• The Moon appears to be
partly but less than one-
half illuminated by
direct sunlight
• The fraction of the
Moon's disk that is
illuminated is
decreasing.

23. Waxing or Waning?
Waxing means the moon is
“growing”. If the moon is
getting bright from the right,
it is waxing.
Waning means the moon is
“shrinking”. If the moon is
dark on the right, it is waning.

24. WHAT ARE THOSE?

25. Lunar Eclipse
A lunar eclipse occurs when
the Moon passes directly
behind Earth and into its
shadow. This can occur only
when the Sun, Earth, and
Moon are exactly or very
closely aligned (in syzygy),
with Earth between the other
two.

26. Two types of Lunar Eclipse
1. Partial Lunar Eclipse
• A portion of the Moon passes
through Earth's umbral
shadow.
• These events are easy to see,
even with the unaided eye.

27. 2. Total Lunar Eclipse
Two types of Lunar Eclipse
• The entire Moon passes
through Earth's umbral
shadow.
• These events are quite
striking due to the Moon's
vibrant red color during the
total phase (totality).

28. Solar Eclipse
A solar eclipse occurs when an
observer (on Earth) passes
through the shadow cast by the
Moon which fully or partially
blocks ("occults") the Sun.

29. Two types of Solar Eclipse
1. Partial Solar Eclipse
A partial solar eclipse
happens when the Moon
only partially covers the
disk of the Sun.

30. Two types of Solar Eclipse
2. Total Solar Eclipse
• A total solar eclipse happens when the Moon totally
covers the disk of the Sun.
• An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon
appears smaller than the Sun as it passes centrally
across the solar disk and a bright ring, or annulus, of
sunlight remains visible during the eclipse.

31. Saros is the roughly 18-year periodic cycle of the
Earth-Moon-Sun system. Every 6,585 days, the
Earth, Moon, and Sun are in exactly the same
position. When there is a lunar eclipse, there will
also be one exactly 6,585 days later.
Saros

32. References
Users:
Abbie Mahinay
Rodelina Japson
duncanpatti

33. Presented by:
Sid Marnny Lopena
Jymuelle Abejo
Drake Lewis Garcia
Bernadette Villa