Unit Test Study Guide
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The document is a formative assessment for a 6th grade science class on the topic of changing Earth. It consists of 24 multiple choice questions testing students' understanding of the layers of the Earth, plate tectonics, earthquake waves, and more. Key concepts addressed include the order of Earth's layers from outer to inner, increasing heat and pressure toward the core, properties of the inner and outer core, plate boundaries and motions, Pangaea, and earthquake terminology.
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Types of plate boundaries
This document discusses different types of plate boundaries: divergent boundaries where plates move apart, convergent boundaries where plates collide, and transform boundaries where plates slide past one another. It focuses on convergent boundaries, describing the processes that occur when an oceanic plate collides with a continental plate or when two oceanic plates collide. These processes include subduction, the formation of volcanoes and mountain ranges, and earthquakes.
TYPES OF PLATE BOUNDARIES
This document discusses three main types of plate boundaries: divergent boundaries, convergent boundaries, and transform boundaries. It provides examples and describes the geological effects of each boundary type. It also discusses processes at divergent boundaries like mid-ocean ridges and continental rift valleys. Convergent boundaries include oceanic-oceanic convergence forming island arcs, and continental-oceanic convergence forming volcanic mountain ranges. Transform boundaries involve strike-slip faulting along plate edges. Additionally, the document touches on hot spot volcanism unrelated to plate boundaries.
Divergent boundary
Divergent plate boundaries occur when tectonic plates pull apart from each other. Rising convection currents in the mantle push up on lithospheric plates, stretching and thinning the crust until it breaks along parallel faults tilted outward. This forms mid-ocean ridges or rift valleys on land. As the plates continue diverging, new crust is formed by magma rising through the cracks from the asthenosphere. Examples of divergent boundaries include the East Africa rift and Rio Grande rift.
Earthquake
An earthquake is caused by sudden displacement of rock in the Earth's crust. Earthquake energy is transmitted through seismic waves, including P waves, S waves, Love waves, and Rayleigh waves. The major causes of earthquakes are plate tectonics as the plates move and interact, as well as volcanic activity. Earthquakes can have significant impacts on both nature and humans, such as property damage, loss of life, and economic losses. While difficult, scientists study earthquake prediction methods like changes in the ground, small quakes, and animal behavior.
Plate Boundaries
This document discusses plate tectonics and boundaries. It describes the three main types of plate boundaries: convergent boundaries where plates move toward each other and form mountains or subduction zones; divergent boundaries where plates move apart forming mid-ocean ridges and rift valleys; and transform boundaries where plates slide past each other forming strike-slip faults. Several case studies of specific plate boundary formations are provided for further analysis including the Andes Mountains, Himalayas, Caribbean Islands, and San Andreas Fault. The driving forces of plate tectonics are outlined as mantle convection, slab pull, slab suction, and ridge push, along with resisting forces such as slab resistance, collision resistance, and transform fault resistance.
Plate Boundaries -Hot Spot
Types of plate boundaries include divergent, convergent, and transform. Convergent boundaries occur when plates collide and one plate slides under the other, resulting in volcanic activity and earthquakes. Divergent boundaries occur where plates are moving apart, forming mid-ocean ridges and rift valleys. Transform boundaries occur where plates slide horizontally past each other, causing shallow earthquakes.
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The document summarizes the theory of plate tectonics. It describes early evidence from continental drift and how modern evidence established the theory during the 20th century. This includes seismometer networks, mapping ocean floors, dating oceanic rocks, and paleomagnetism studies. The theory proposes that lithospheric plates are dynamic, with new plates generated at divergent boundaries and old plates destroyed at convergent boundaries. Main plate boundaries are divergent, convergent, and transform. Convergent boundaries result in subduction and mountain building. Plates have moved in cycles of supercontinent assembly and breakup over geologic time.
Plate tectonics
This document contains 10 multiple choice questions about geology topics such as types of crust, seismic wave speed, plate tectonics, and plate boundaries. The questions cover the splitting of Pangaea into Laurasia and Gondwana, types of plate boundaries, use of GPS satellites to measure plate movement, slab pull, types of faults, and the Himalayan Mountains. The summary is edited by Mrs. Melton.
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Types of plate boundaries
This document discusses different types of plate boundaries: divergent boundaries where plates move apart, convergent boundaries where plates collide, and transform boundaries where plates slide past one another. It focuses on convergent boundaries, describing the processes that occur when an oceanic plate collides with a continental plate or when two oceanic plates collide. These processes include subduction, the formation of volcanoes and mountain ranges, and earthquakes.
TYPES OF PLATE BOUNDARIES
This document discusses three main types of plate boundaries: divergent boundaries, convergent boundaries, and transform boundaries. It provides examples and describes the geological effects of each boundary type. It also discusses processes at divergent boundaries like mid-ocean ridges and continental rift valleys. Convergent boundaries include oceanic-oceanic convergence forming island arcs, and continental-oceanic convergence forming volcanic mountain ranges. Transform boundaries involve strike-slip faulting along plate edges. Additionally, the document touches on hot spot volcanism unrelated to plate boundaries.
Divergent boundary
Divergent plate boundaries occur when tectonic plates pull apart from each other. Rising convection currents in the mantle push up on lithospheric plates, stretching and thinning the crust until it breaks along parallel faults tilted outward. This forms mid-ocean ridges or rift valleys on land. As the plates continue diverging, new crust is formed by magma rising through the cracks from the asthenosphere. Examples of divergent boundaries include the East Africa rift and Rio Grande rift.
Earthquake
An earthquake is caused by sudden displacement of rock in the Earth's crust. Earthquake energy is transmitted through seismic waves, including P waves, S waves, Love waves, and Rayleigh waves. The major causes of earthquakes are plate tectonics as the plates move and interact, as well as volcanic activity. Earthquakes can have significant impacts on both nature and humans, such as property damage, loss of life, and economic losses. While difficult, scientists study earthquake prediction methods like changes in the ground, small quakes, and animal behavior.
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This document discusses plate tectonics and boundaries. It describes the three main types of plate boundaries: convergent boundaries where plates move toward each other and form mountains or subduction zones; divergent boundaries where plates move apart forming mid-ocean ridges and rift valleys; and transform boundaries where plates slide past each other forming strike-slip faults. Several case studies of specific plate boundary formations are provided for further analysis including the Andes Mountains, Himalayas, Caribbean Islands, and San Andreas Fault. The driving forces of plate tectonics are outlined as mantle convection, slab pull, slab suction, and ridge push, along with resisting forces such as slab resistance, collision resistance, and transform fault resistance.
Plate Boundaries -Hot Spot
Types of plate boundaries include divergent, convergent, and transform. Convergent boundaries occur when plates collide and one plate slides under the other, resulting in volcanic activity and earthquakes. Divergent boundaries occur where plates are moving apart, forming mid-ocean ridges and rift valleys. Transform boundaries occur where plates slide horizontally past each other, causing shallow earthquakes.
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The document summarizes the theory of plate tectonics. It describes early evidence from continental drift and how modern evidence established the theory during the 20th century. This includes seismometer networks, mapping ocean floors, dating oceanic rocks, and paleomagnetism studies. The theory proposes that lithospheric plates are dynamic, with new plates generated at divergent boundaries and old plates destroyed at convergent boundaries. Main plate boundaries are divergent, convergent, and transform. Convergent boundaries result in subduction and mountain building. Plates have moved in cycles of supercontinent assembly and breakup over geologic time.
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This document contains 10 multiple choice questions about geology topics such as types of crust, seismic wave speed, plate tectonics, and plate boundaries. The questions cover the splitting of Pangaea into Laurasia and Gondwana, types of plate boundaries, use of GPS satellites to measure plate movement, slab pull, types of faults, and the Himalayan Mountains. The summary is edited by Mrs. Melton.
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- Factors like population density, level of preparedness, distance from the epicenter, time of occurrence, and soil type determine the extent of damage from an earthquake in addition to its magnitude.
- Earthquakes can cause hazards like disruption of services, destruction of property, landslides, destruction of infrastructure, loss of life, fires, and tsunamis.
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The document summarizes Alfred Wegener's theory of continental drift from 1912. It proposed that the continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangea, which later broke apart and drifted to their current positions. Wegener noted evidence like matching coastlines, fossil and rock formations, but did not know the mechanisms that caused the movement. The theory of plate tectonics was later developed to explain how convection currents in the mantle cause the movement of rigid tectonic plates across Earth's surface, opening oceans at mid-ocean ridges and closing them during subduction.
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The document lists the top 10 Earth science vocabulary words including convection currents, P-waves, S-waves, crust, mantle, inner core, seismic waves, continental crust, oceanic crust, and outer core. It provides a brief 1-2 sentence definition for each term describing key components and layers of the Earth.
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The document summarizes Alfred Wegener's theory of continental drift from 1912. It proposed that the continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangea, which later broke apart and drifted to their current positions. Wegener noted evidence supporting this, like matching fossil and rock formations across oceans, but did not know the mechanisms that caused the drift. Later studies discovered plate tectonics, including sea floor spreading at mid-ocean ridges, which provided the explanation for how and why the continents moved over time.
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waves and tides
Waves and tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and sun. There are different types of waves including wind waves and tsunamis. Tides are the regular rising and falling of ocean water levels caused by lunar and solar gravitational forces. High tides occur when the gravitational pulls act in alignment and low tides occur when they are perpendicular. Tides are important because they allow for shipping in harbors and prevent freezing in cold weather ports.
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Mass movement and erosion reshape Earth's surface by transporting weathered materials downhill. Mass movement includes landslides, creep, slumps, earthflows, and mudflows. Climate affects erosion rates - humid regions experience more water erosion, resulting in rounded topography, while dry areas have sharper features. Studying past lahar deposits can help prevent future damage from lahars in communities near volcanoes. Gravity causes downhill movement of material, while friction opposes gravity and holds rocks in place on slopes.
12. earthquakes notes
Earthquakes occur when rocks along fault lines slip and release stored energy, causing vibrations. These vibrations travel through the Earth as seismic waves. There are two main types of body waves: P-waves, which are compressional waves that travel fastest, and S-waves, which are slower shear waves that move the ground from side to side. By measuring the difference in arrival times between P and S waves at seismic stations, seismologists can determine the distance and location of the earthquake's epicenter.
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Tides are caused by the gravitational forces of the moon and sun interacting with Earth's oceans, which creates two bulges of water that result in two high tides and two low tides each day. The changing positions and distances of the moon and sun relative to Earth cause variations in tide heights and times. Spring tides occur during new and full moons when the sun and moon are aligned, producing the highest tides, while neap tides happen when the sun and moon are at right angles, resulting in lower tides.
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2. It describes the internal structure of the Earth, including the lithosphere which comprises the crust and upper mantle, and tectonic plates which are pieces of the lithosphere that move in relation to one another.
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1. There are three main types of plate boundaries: divergent boundaries where plates move apart, convergent boundaries where plates move together, and transform boundaries where plates slide past one another.
2. At divergent boundaries, new oceanic crust is formed at mid-ocean ridges. This results in features like rift valleys on land and undersea volcanoes at sea. Convergent boundaries result in ocean trenches from subducting plates and volcanic island arcs. Continental collisions yield fold mountains from compressed crust.
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This document provides an overview of the Earth's interior structure based on seismic wave evidence. It discusses how seismic waves like P-waves and S-waves travel through different layers, revealing details about the composition and state of those layers. The existence of an S-wave shadow zone indicated the inner core is solid, while P-wave refraction showed bending consistent with a liquid outer core. Later discoveries of an inner core within the outer liquid core helped establish the current model of a solid inner core within a liquid outer core surrounded by the mantle and crust.
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Mud pots and hot springs along the San Andreas Fault in California reveal new insights about the fault's structure and movement. Geologists have discovered that the fault is not a single clean fracture but is a complex network of smaller intersecting faults that split and rejoin. This finding helps explain why earthquake activity is broader than previously thought, with seismicity occurring miles away from the primary fault strand. It also suggests that stresses can build up over a wider area prior to a large earthquake on the fault.
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The document discusses the theory of seafloor spreading, where new ocean crust is formed at mid-ocean ridges as tectonic plates move apart, and magnetic patterns in rocks on the ocean floor provide evidence of periodic reversals of the Earth's magnetic field. Analysis of magnetic stripes on both sides of ocean ridges that appear to be mirror images supports the idea that the seafloor is actively spreading.
1. Distribution of Volcanoes and Earthquakes
The document discusses volcanoes and earthquakes, including where they occur and why. It provides learning objectives about knowing where volcanoes and earthquakes happen and why. It includes maps showing the distribution of volcanoes and earthquakes around the world. The patterns are explained by the locations of tectonic plates and different plate boundary types where movement occurs. Iceland is used as a specific example, noting it is at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge plate boundary, resulting in earthquakes and volcanoes like Eyjafjallajökull.
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- An earthquake is a vibration in the earth's crust caused by the sudden release of stored energy in rocks along fault lines.
- Factors like population density, level of preparedness, distance from the epicenter, time of occurrence, and soil type determine the extent of damage from an earthquake in addition to its magnitude.
- Earthquakes can cause hazards like disruption of services, destruction of property, landslides, destruction of infrastructure, loss of life, fires, and tsunamis.
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The document discusses theories on the origins of rocks. It describes Neptunism, proposed by Abraham Werner, which stated that rocks precipitated out of a global ocean as it receded. However, this theory had problems. It was later replaced by Plutonism, proposed by James Hutton, which suggested heat from Earth's interior melted and fused rocks. Hutton's theory of intrusion, thrusting, erosion and deposition became the foundation of modern geology. The document also provides an overview of extractive metallurgy, which involves mining, size reduction, concentration, reduction, and purification to obtain pure metal from ore.
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The document summarizes Alfred Wegener's theory of continental drift from 1912. It proposed that the continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangea, which later broke apart and drifted to their current positions. Wegener noted evidence like matching coastlines, fossil and rock formations, but did not know the mechanisms that caused the movement. The theory of plate tectonics was later developed to explain how convection currents in the mantle cause the movement of rigid tectonic plates across Earth's surface, opening oceans at mid-ocean ridges and closing them during subduction.
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This document provides information about coastal landforms, erosion processes, and longshore drift to help students prepare for a controlled assessment task on coastal management. It discusses various coastal landforms formed by erosion like headlands and bays, wave cut notches and platforms. It also explains the four types of erosion - corrosion, attrition, abrasion, and hydraulic action. Longshore drift is introduced along with examples of past controlled assessments and marking schemes to help students understand what will be expected of them.
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The document lists the top 10 Earth science vocabulary words including convection currents, P-waves, S-waves, crust, mantle, inner core, seismic waves, continental crust, oceanic crust, and outer core. It provides a brief 1-2 sentence definition for each term describing key components and layers of the Earth.
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This document provides information for GCSE Geography revision including key exam dates and resources for revision. It outlines the exam structure from limited understanding (F) to independent investigation (A). Sections cover rivers and coasts revision including landforms, processes and case studies. There are exercises on matching key terms and explanations of river landforms and flooding.
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The document summarizes Alfred Wegener's theory of continental drift from 1912. It proposed that the continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangea, which later broke apart and drifted to their current positions. Wegener noted evidence supporting this, like matching fossil and rock formations across oceans, but did not know the mechanisms that caused the drift. Later studies discovered plate tectonics, including sea floor spreading at mid-ocean ridges, which provided the explanation for how and why the continents moved over time.
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This document provides information about plate tectonics and associated geological phenomena. It begins by describing the layers of the Earth, including the inner and outer core, mantle, and crust. It notes key differences between oceanic and continental crust, and explains convection currents in the mantle. The document then discusses plate boundaries and associated hazards like earthquakes and volcanoes. Specific topics covered include the 2011 Japan earthquake and tsunami, the Montserrat volcanic eruption, measuring earthquakes, predicting seismic activity, earthquake proofing, and responses to natural disasters. Comparisons are drawn between responses to disasters in rich and poor countries.
waves and tides
Waves and tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and sun. There are different types of waves including wind waves and tsunamis. Tides are the regular rising and falling of ocean water levels caused by lunar and solar gravitational forces. High tides occur when the gravitational pulls act in alignment and low tides occur when they are perpendicular. Tides are important because they allow for shipping in harbors and prevent freezing in cold weather ports.
12.3
Mass movement and erosion reshape Earth's surface by transporting weathered materials downhill. Mass movement includes landslides, creep, slumps, earthflows, and mudflows. Climate affects erosion rates - humid regions experience more water erosion, resulting in rounded topography, while dry areas have sharper features. Studying past lahar deposits can help prevent future damage from lahars in communities near volcanoes. Gravity causes downhill movement of material, while friction opposes gravity and holds rocks in place on slopes.
12. earthquakes notes
Earthquakes occur when rocks along fault lines slip and release stored energy, causing vibrations. These vibrations travel through the Earth as seismic waves. There are two main types of body waves: P-waves, which are compressional waves that travel fastest, and S-waves, which are slower shear waves that move the ground from side to side. By measuring the difference in arrival times between P and S waves at seismic stations, seismologists can determine the distance and location of the earthquake's epicenter.
Tides
Tides are caused by the gravitational forces of the moon and sun interacting with Earth's oceans, which creates two bulges of water that result in two high tides and two low tides each day. The changing positions and distances of the moon and sun relative to Earth cause variations in tide heights and times. Spring tides occur during new and full moons when the sun and moon are aligned, producing the highest tides, while neap tides happen when the sun and moon are at right angles, resulting in lower tides.
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1. The document discusses natural hazards and tectonic plate movement. It defines a natural hazard as a natural event that threatens lives and property. Examples given are earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and tsunamis.
2. It describes the internal structure of the Earth, including the lithosphere which comprises the crust and upper mantle, and tectonic plates which are pieces of the lithosphere that move in relation to one another.
3. The causes of tectonic plate movements are explained as being due to convection currents in the mantle driven by heat from the Earth's core, and the slab-pull force exerted by subducting plates pulling the other plates along.
Tectonics GW1 Slides (Part 2)
1. There are three main types of plate boundaries: divergent boundaries where plates move apart, convergent boundaries where plates move together, and transform boundaries where plates slide past one another.
2. At divergent boundaries, new oceanic crust is formed at mid-ocean ridges. This results in features like rift valleys on land and undersea volcanoes at sea. Convergent boundaries result in ocean trenches from subducting plates and volcanic island arcs. Continental collisions yield fold mountains from compressed crust.
3. Key landforms and phenomena associated with plate tectonics include mid-ocean ridges, rift valleys and block mountains, ocean trenches, volcanic island arcs, and fold mountains. Earthquakes also
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The document discusses the causes and patterns of ocean tides. Tides are produced by the gravitational forces of the Moon and Sun and the centrifugal force of the Earth-Moon system. These forces create two tidal bulges in the oceans that move around the Earth as it rotates, resulting in two high tides and two low tides each day. Additional factors like the shapes of coastlines and ocean basins can cause the timing and sizes of tides to vary in complex ways.
Landforms Of Erosion Ap
This document discusses coastal erosion processes. Hydraulic action erodes rock when air is forced into cracks by waves, exerting pressure that pulls out rock when the water falls. This type of erosion is called hydraulic action. Coastal erosion forms headlands and bays as harder rock headlands project into the sea while soft rock in between erodes back to form bays. Over time, hydraulic action can form arches, stacks, and stumps in headlands as erosion undercuts the base of cliffs.
L2 waves
Waves influence erosion through both constructive and destructive processes. Constructive waves gently build up beaches by spilling water up the shore, while destructive waves strongly erode beaches by crashing waves that remove material. Waves are formed by wind blowing across the surface of the ocean, transferring its energy to the water. As waves approach shore, they steepen and eventually break, providing energy to erode, transport, and deposit coastal materials.
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This document contains a diagnostic test in Science with multiple choice questions about plate tectonics and plate boundaries. There are various questions testing understanding of the three main types of plate boundaries (divergent, convergent, and transform), where new oceanic lithosphere forms, areas of explosive volcanic activity, subduction zones, and features associated with different boundaries. The test aims to assess knowledge of plate tectonics concepts.
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This document provides an overview of the Earth's interior structure based on seismic wave evidence. It discusses how seismic waves like P-waves and S-waves travel through different layers, revealing details about the composition and state of those layers. The existence of an S-wave shadow zone indicated the inner core is solid, while P-wave refraction showed bending consistent with a liquid outer core. Later discoveries of an inner core within the outer liquid core helped establish the current model of a solid inner core within a liquid outer core surrounded by the mantle and crust.
Name ______________________ Class _________________ Date .docx
Name: ______________________ Class: _________________ Date: _________ ID: D
1
Exam 1
1. The moment magnitude scale depends on
a. the rupture area, slip magnitude, and shear
rigidity of rock
b. the length of the fault
c. the depth of the earthquake
d. the amplitude of shaking
2. The particle motions of P-waves
a. are perpendicular to the wave propagation
direction.
b. are retrograde elliptical.
c. are horizontal.
d. are compression only.
e. involve dilations and compressions in
direction of wave propagation.
3. Which of the following statements is TRUE
about plate boundaries and their earthquakes?
a. Divergent plate boundaries produce very large
earthquakes, transform boundaries produce
small events, and convergent boundaries
produce large-to-intermediate sized
earthquakes.
b. Divergent boundaries produce small to
moderate sized earthquakes, transform
boundaries produce moderate to large
earthquakes, and convergent boundaries
produce the largest earthquakes.
c. Divergent boundaries are rare but they do
produce the largest events.
d. Convergent boundaries and transform
boundaries both produce the magnitude 9.0
events in equal numbers.
4. A magnitude 6.0 earthquake will affect the largest
area of shaking in which region below?
a. Northeast United States
b. California along the San Andreas Fault
c. In the state of Nevada in the western United
States
d. In the state of Utah in the western United
States
5. The intraplate earthquakes in New Madrid,
Missouri in 1811 and 1812
a. where very small and not felt widely.
b. were larger than magnitude 7.0, felt as far
away as Boston, and occurred in a failed rift
zone.
c. occurred where the Pacific and North
American plates meet.
d. were not as large as magnitude 7.0, with felt
shaking confined mainly to the regions of the
midwestern United States.
6. The enormous earthquake of March 11, 2011 in
Japan was greater than 9.0 because
a. it occurred on a major transform fault zone.
b. it occurred on a major normal fault in a
divergent plate boundary zone.
c. slip occurred on a large area of fault patch
with a slip of one centimeter.
d. slip occurred on a large area of fault patch
with a large amount of slip of as much as half
a football field (50 meters)
7. Which of the following will most likely lead to a
Natural Disaster?
a. A magnitude 3.0 earthquake beneath New
York City
b. A magnitude 8.0 very far from any populated
region
c. A magnitude 7.5 with an epicenter 10
kilometers from downtown Tokyo
d. An earthquake with a maximum felt intensity
of V
e. An earthquake at a mid-ocean ridge
8. An earthquake initiates at 35°N, 108° W, and
depth Z = 10 km. What is its epicenter?
a. 10 km
b. 35° N
c. 35° N, 108° W
d. 108° W
e. the waves that radiate from the source
Name: ______________________ ID: D
2
9. An example of the presently active early stages
of continental rifting can be found in
a. Mid continent of North America
b. East Africa
c. Indi.
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This document contains a 20 question science quiz about plate tectonics and volcanoes. The quiz covers topics like the driving forces behind plate tectonics, types of plate boundaries, examples of specific plate boundaries and volcanoes, and scientists who proposed early theories related to plate tectonics. It also tests understanding of volcanic features and events like magma, lava, pyroclastic flows, and the dormancy cycle of volcanoes.
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Page 83 Introductory GeoloGy Plate tectonIcs4.11 sTu.docx
Page | 83
Introductory GeoloGy Plate tectonIcs
4.11 sTudenT resPonses
The following is a summary of the questions in this lab for ease in submitting
answers online.
1. Brazil (Latitude and Longitude)
2. Angola (Latitude and Longitude)
3. Measure in centimeters the distance (Map Length) between the two points you
recorded in the previous question. Given that this portion of Pangaea broke
apart 200,000,000 years ago, calculate how fast South America and Africa are
separating in cm/year? (Hint: Speed= Distance/Time)
4. When will the next supercontinent form? Examine the Western Coast of South
America, the Eastern Coast of Asia, and the Pacific Ocean. If South America and
Africa are separating and the Atlantic Ocean is growing, then the opposite must
be occurring on the other side of the earth (the Americas are getting closer to
Asia and the Pacific Ocean is shrinking). How far apart are North America and
Mainland Asia in cm? (measure the distance across the Pacific at 40 degrees
north latitude- basically measure between Northern California and North
Korea)? Take that distance and divide it by the speed you calculated in question
3 to estimate when the next supercontinent will form. Show your work!
5. How far have the snake fossils moved apart since they were originally deposited?
a. 1250 miles b. 1700 miles c. 2150 miles d. 2700 miles
Page | 84
Introductory GeoloGy Plate tectonIcs
6. Given that this portion of the Australian plate moves at a speed of 2.2 inches
per year, how old are the snake fossils?
a. 310 million years old b. 217 million years old
c. 98 million years old d. 62 million years old
e. 34 million years old
7. There are fossils such as Glossopteris and Lystrosaurus that are found in
rocks in South America and Africa that indicate they were part of Pangaea
approximately 200 million years ago. These same fossils can be found in
Australia, which indicates it, along with Antarctica, was also part of Pangaea at
that time. Based on your answer to question 6 which of the following statements
about the break-up of Pangaea is TRUE?
a. Australia and Antarctica separated before the break-up of Pangaea.
b. Australia and Antarctica separated during the break-up of Pangaea.
c. Australia and Antarctica separated after the break-up of Pangaea.
8. Consider the ages and positions of the islands listed above along with what
you know about plate tectonics and hotspots. In what general direction is the
Pacific Plate moving?
a. Northwest b. Southeast c. Northeast d. Southwest
9. How fast was the Pacific plate moving during the last 1.1 million years between
the formation of the Big Island and Maui in cm/year? To calculate this divide the
distance (in centimeters) between the two islands by the difference in their ages.
10. How fast was the Pacific plate moving from 7.2 million years ago to 4.7 million
years ago between the formation of Kauai and Nihoa in cm/year? To calculate
this divide the .
Plate Boundaries - exam style questions
Download the paper to access it as a word document
This is an exam style question paper (if any doubts, just comment and within days I will reply). I hope you like this. Please like and also download the pdf so you can have it as reference. Moreover, I have combined all past papers into one which is in your hands now. Please, do not hesitate if you have any doubts regarding plate boundaries/tectonic plates or even any comments to improve my work.
EarthSci - Reviewer
The document discusses the lithosphere and atmosphere. It covers topics like plate tectonics, continental drift, volcanoes, earthquakes, and the different layers of the Earth. Some key points include how sonar surveys of the ocean floor helped explain continental drift, how sea floor spreading occurs at mid-ocean ridges, and that plate tectonics involves the movement of tectonic plates in the lithosphere.
Review 6 _earthquakes___crustal_activity_sc
The document contains multiple choice questions about Earth's interior structure and processes determined from seismic wave evidence. Key points that can be summarized:
- Earth's inner core is inferred to be solid iron, with an average density of around 11 g/cm3. The outer core is inferred to be liquid iron, with an average density of around 4 g/cm3.
- Temperatures within the Earth increase with depth; at a depth of 2,000 km the inferred temperature of the mantle is around 1,800°C rising to around 6,200°C at the core-mantle boundary.
- Analysis of worldwide seismic data provides the best evidence for determining the structure of Earth's interior layers and
docsity-first-quarter-exam-for-grade-10-science.docx
This document appears to be a science exam for 10th grade students covering topics in geology and plate tectonics. It contains 45 multiple choice questions testing students' understanding of concepts like plate boundaries, mountain formation, earthquakes, volcanoes, and geothermal energy. The questions require students to apply their knowledge of plate tectonics theory to explain geological phenomena around the world.
Page 331 Introductory GeoloGy earthquakes13.10 sTude.docx
Page | 331
Introductory GeoloGy earthquakes
13.10 sTudenT resPonses
1. For Carrier, Oklahoma, what is the approximate time of the arrival of the first
P-wave?
a. 10 seconds b. 15 seconds c. 21 seconds d. 30 seconds
2. For Marlow, Oklahoma, what is the approximate time of the arrival of the first
S-wave?
a. 19 seconds b. 22 seconds c. 35 seconds d. 42 seconds
3. For Bolivar, Missouri, what is the difference between the P and S wave arrival
times?
a. 10 seconds b. 20 seconds c. 40 seconds d. 55 seconds
4. What is the approximate distance to the epicenter from Carrier, Oklahoma?
a. 70 km b. 130 km c. 240 km d. 390 km
5. What is the approximate distance to the epicenter from Marlow, Oklahoma?
a. 70 km b. 130 km c. 240 km d. 390 km
6. What is the approximate distance to the epicenter from Bolivar, Missouri?
a. 70 km b. 130 km c. 240 km d. 390 km
7. Look at the location that you determined was the earthquake epicenter.
Compare its location to Oklahoma City. Which direction is the epicenter located
from Oklahoma City?
a. southeast b. northwest c. northeast d. southwest
8. Examine the before and after image of the National Cathedral. Based on the
changes seen within the structure, decide where this earthquake would most
likely fall on the Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale. Based off this image, the
most likely intensity of this earthquake would be:
a. <IV b. V-VI c. VII d. VIII or greater
Page | 332
Introductory GeoloGy earthquakes
9. Residents in Port-au-Prince complained of extreme shaking during the
earthquake, while residents of Santo Domingo, the capital of the Dominican
Republic that sits 150 miles east of Port-au-Prince, assumed the shaking was
caused by the passing of a large truck. Based on the Modified Mercalli Intensity
Scale, the residents of Port-au-Prince mostly like experienced an intensity of
___, while the residents of Santo Domingo experienced an intensity of ___.
a. VII, II b. VIII, III c. X, III d. X, IV
10. A significant earthquake hits San Mateo, California while you are there. During
the shaking you are caught indoors. Would you rather be at the US Social
Security Administration Building (located at South Claremont Street, San
Mateo) or with the San Mateo Park Rangers (located at J Hart Clinton Drive,
San Mateo)?
a. the US Social Security Administration Building b. the San Mateo Park Rangers
11. While visiting California, you become violently ill and must visit a hospital.
Based off of your fears of a possible earthquake occurring, would you rather go
to Highland Hospital in Oakland or Alameda Hospital in Alameda?
a. Highland Hospital, Oakland, CA b. Alameda Hospital, Alameda, CA
12. After what year does the number of magnitude 3 or greater earthquakes begin
to rise significantly?
a. 2007 b. 2009 c. 2011 d. 2015
13. After what year does the number of fracking wells begin to rise significantly?
a. 2007 b. 2009 c. 2011 d. 2015
14. Based on the graph that you constructed, do .
Complete Physical geography-NDA ,CDS CAPF.pdf
The document discusses various types of grassland and shrubland biomes found around the world. Specifically, it mentions steppe grasslands in Central Asia, prairies in North America, and veld grasslands in South America. The correct option matching these biomes is option a, which lists 1 and 2 (steppe and prairie).
Ch07 Tutorial
1. Seismic waves are used to probe Earth's deep interior and determine its structure.
2. The typical density of rocks in Earth's crust is 3.0 grams per cubic centimeter.
3. The density of rocks in Earth's mantle ranges from 2.7 to 5.2 grams per cubic centimeter.
Dynamic earthassessmenttestresults claude
Claude took a Dynamic Earth Assessment Test and scored 60% by answering 18 out of 30 questions correctly. The test covered topics about the layers of the Earth, plate tectonics, and plate boundaries. It provided feedback on the answers selected and reviewed concepts that were missed.
LOCATING THE EPICENTER/DIVERGENT BOUNDARY PPT
introduction of plate tectonics leading to finding the epicenter.
Divergent plate boundary is alsoincluded in the ppt. Search the activity sheet on this topic also uploaded here
seismology
The document provides an introduction to seismology and the study of earthquakes. It discusses the formation of the Earth and its layers. The Earth is divided into the inner core, outer core, mantle, and crust. The core is mostly iron and nickel, the mantle consists of silicate compounds, and the crust is made of less dense materials. Earthquakes are caused by the sudden movement of tectonic plates or rupture along faults. The theory of plate tectonics explains the distribution of seismic activity and ties together concepts like continental drift.
09 review clickers
The document contains multiple choice questions about planetary geology from Chapter 9 of The Cosmic Perspective textbook. It covers topics like evidence of cratering on different planetary bodies, how scientists learn about Earth's interior structure using seismic waves, evidence for past water and atmospheres on various planets, planetary differentiation processes, and geological processes that shape planetary surfaces like volcanism, impacts and erosion.
Assignment 3.Please review the course web site for access dates.docx
Assignment 3.
Please review the course web site for access dates: Click on the begin button to access the assignment and submit your answers. This covers Unit III Forces Within in the textbook (Chapters 5, 6, and 7). Chapters 5, 6, and 7 are very inter-related so some answers may be found in more than one chapter.
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. (1 point each)
1) Among the following choices, the closest match for the East Pacific Rise is
________.
A) the Mariana Trench
B) the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
C) the San Andreas Fault
D) the Appalachian Mountains
2) Continental rifts are associated with ________ plate boundaries.
A) transform
B) convergent
C) divergent
D) all kinds of
3) Linear, magnetic patterns associated with mid-ocean ridges are configured as ________.
A) normal and reversed magnetized strips roughly parallel to the ridge
B) normal and reversed magnetized strips roughly perpendicular to the ridge axis
C) reversed magnetizations along the rift valleys and normal magnetizations on the ridge
D) concentric circles about a rising plume of hot, mantle rocks and magma
4) In the early part of the twentieth century, ________ argued forcefully for the idea of continental drift.
A) Richard Wagner
B) Alfred Wegener
C) Harry Hess
D) James Hutton
5) A global positioning system (GPS) locator at site A reveals that it is moving at 2.1 centimeters per year to the east. A second GPS locator is tracking site B, which is moving at 2.0 centimeters per year to the west. What sort of plate boundary is this?
A) convergent
B) divergent
C) transform
D) impossible to tell based on this information alone
6) Most of the world's ________ line(s) up along plate tectonic boundaries.
A) volcanoes
B) very young oceanic crust
C) earthquakes
D) all of the above
7)
Mount Hood (pictured) is part of the Cascade Range. These active volcanoes are a chain that stretches along the west coast from northern California to southern British Columbia, Canada. The Cascades are ________.
A) evidence of rifting of the North American continent
B) evidence of subduction in the Pacific Northwest of the United States
C) a product of the San Andreas Fault
D) due to a hot spot beneath Seattle
Fill in the blank. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. (1 point each)
8)
Examine the image. It shows ________, a freshwater reptile whose fossils Alfred Wegener cited as evidence of continental drift.
9) The North American plate is currently ________ in size.
10) Some kind of ________ (upward movement of less dense material and downward movement of more dense material) appears to drive the motion of plates.
11) Alaska's Aleutian Islands formed as part of a(n) ________ along a(n) ________ boundary.
12) Slabs of oceanic lithosphere sink at subduction zones because the subducted slab is denser than the underlying asthenosphere. In this process, called _.
P1 P2 mock quiz
The document contains a 10 question quiz about the electromagnetic spectrum and related topics like radiation, global warming, and the greenhouse effect. The questions cover topics such as the different types of radiation, how they are used and their effects, how food is cooked in microwaves, what gases cause global warming, and what the greenhouse effect has on Earth.
lecture1-seismology.ppt
This document provides an introduction to seismology. It discusses how seismology studies earthquakes and the propagation of energy through the Earth's crust. It then describes the formation of the Earth and its layers, including the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. It explains what causes earthquakes, such as the movement of tectonic plates and the rupture of rocks along faults. Finally, it discusses evidence that supported Alfred Wegener's theory of continental drift and how plate tectonics helps explain the distribution of earthquakes and volcanic activity at plate boundaries.
Similar to Unit Test Study Guide (20)
Name ______________________ Class _________________ Date .docx
Name ______________________ Class _________________ Date .docx
Page 83 Introductory GeoloGy Plate tectonIcs4.11 sTu.docx
Page 83 Introductory GeoloGy Plate tectonIcs4.11 sTu.docx
docsity-first-quarter-exam-for-grade-10-science.docx
docsity-first-quarter-exam-for-grade-10-science.docx
Page 331 Introductory GeoloGy earthquakes13.10 sTude.docx
Page 331 Introductory GeoloGy earthquakes13.10 sTude.docx
Assignment 3.Please review the course web site for access dates.docx
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Unit Test Study Guide
- 1. Changing Earth Formative Assessment Grade: 6 Science Subject: 9/12/11 Date:
- 2. 1 What is the correct order of the layers of the Earth from OUTERMOST layer to the INNERMOST layer? A crust, outer core, inner core, mantle B crust, mantle, outer core, inner core C inner core, outer core, crust, mantle D inner core, outer core, mantle, crust
- 3. 2 Which of the following is true as you move from Earth's outermost layer to its innermost layer? A The thickness of each layer increases B The thickness of each layer decreases C The heat and pressure increase D The heat and pressure decrease
- 4. 3 Which of the following statements is most true of the inner and outer core? A They are both a molten layer B They are both a solid layer C They are both made of magma D They are both made of iron and nickel
- 5. 4 Which of the following statements does not describe a tectonic/crust plate? A They are stationary B They are driven by actions in the mantle C They move slowly D They have been moving for millions of years
- 6. 5 Which of these statements is correct? A Continental crust is thicker than oceanic crust B Continental crust is thinner than oceanic crust C Oceanic crust does not exist D Continental and oceanic crust are the same thickness
- 7. 6 Mid-ocean ridges are places where tectonic/crustal plates are...? A colliding B sliding past each other C spreading apart D none of the above
- 8. 7 Approximately 225 million years ago, the Earth's continents were grouped into one landmass. What was this landmass called? A Europa B Jurassic C Pangaea D Pangaea Ultima
- 9. 8 What is happening at a subduction zone? A The oceanic crust is being pulled under continental crust B Plates are sliding past each other C Plates are spreading apart D None of the above
- 10. 9 When did the supercontinent of Pangaea begin to break apart? A 20 million years ago B 40 million years ago C 100 million years ago D 200 million years ago
- 11. 10 Which of these concepts is part of the theory of plate tectonics? A Continents are fixed and do not move B A great flood shaped Earth's surface C Continents are in slow, constant motion D Continents and crustal/tectonic plates are the same size
- 12. 11 Mountain formation can result when which of the following occurs? A Two oceanic plates collide B Two continental plates collide C Two oceanic plates spread apart D Two continental plates spread apart
- 13. 12 What is the border between two tectonic/crustal plates called? A boundary B collision zone C rift D trench
- 14. 13 Which of the following geologic events are most common at a transform boundary? A Mountain formation B Earthquakes C Volcanic eruptions D Rift formation
- 15. 14 What is NOT likely to happen at a divergent boundary? A Volcano formation B Seafloor spreading C Rift valley D Mountain formation
- 16. 15 California's San Andreas Fault is identified as which type of fault? A Blind thrust B Dip-Slip C Normal D Strike-Slip
- 17. 16 Which is true of P waves? A They do the most damage on the surface of the Earth B They are the slowest of all earthquake waves C They are the fastest of all earthquake waves D They are the last to arrive at a seismograph
- 18. 17 Which type of earthquake waves cause the most damage? A S waves B P waves C Surface waves
- 19. 18 What best describes the magnitude of an earthquake? A It is how long the earthquake waves were felt B It is the distance the waves of an earthquake travel C It is how powerful the earthquake was D It is the time between S and P waves
- 20. 19 Which of the following statements is true? A The focus is directly above the epicenter B The epicenter is directly above the focus C The focus is the point on the surface where the earthquake originated D The epicenter is the point in the ground where the earthquake originated
- 21. 20 What is this a picture of? A Earthquake damage B Earthquake S and P waves arrival times C Earthquake frequency D Earthquake damage report
- 22. What is the S-P interval for this seismograph?
- 23. 22. What is the amplitude of the S wave?
- 24. 23. What is the magnitude of this earthquake?
- 25. 24. In what city is this earthquake’s epicenter?