The Ottoman Empire lasted from 1280 to 1918 and was once the largest empire in the world. It was led by sultans and was a center of trade between Europe and Asia. The empire grew powerful under leaders like Mehmet II and Suleyman the Magnificent, controlling trade routes and developing advanced military technologies. However, the empire eventually declined as European powers surpassed Ottoman control of trade, wealth, and technology.

1. The Ottoman Empire 1280-19181

2. The Ottomans were:·Turkish (capital Istanbul)·Muslim·The largest empire in the world

3. Osman I (Othman): 1299-1326

4. Tamerlane (1336-1405)or “Timur, the Lame”

5. Mehmet I: 1413-1421

6. Mehmet II (“the Conqueror”), who ruled from 1451-1481http://home.earthlink.net/~snailstales2/fatih.jpg6

8. The Fall of Constantinople: 1453

9. The End of the Byzantine Empire

10. Islam and the Ottoman Empire·Sultan = caliph (head of Islam)·Divided the empire into Millets (religious groups)·Divided the world into “the House of Islam” and the “House of War”10

11. The Ottoman BureaucracySULTANDivans(Governors)Heads of Religious MilletsSocial/Military DivansJewsMuslimsLocal Administrators/MilitaryChristiansLandowners/Tax Collectors

12. Selim I, ”the Grim”: 1512-1520

13. Suleyman the Magnificent (or “the Law Giver,” ruled 1520-156612http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Suleyman_young.jpg

14. Summary of the devshirme system:·Slaves were taken from any non-Muslim areas. Race and language didn’t matter. ·Slaves were given jobs according to their interests and abilities. (Slaves did NOT do agricultural work – as American slaves did.)16

15. Devshirme (devşirme)http://www.pravoslavie.domainbg.com/images/iljustracii/devshirme.jpg17

16. Importance of the System:·Government positions were based on merit, not on birth.·Slaves were loyal to the sultan. – They owed their rank to him, and they had no powerful families to support them if they rebelled.·When the system ended in the mid-1600s, the government and military declined.18

17. Three Ottoman Strengths:

18. 1. Control of Trade·Location on the east/west trade route·Control of the Waterways

21. 2. Wealth from trade

22. Sultan’s headpiece, decorated with gold, emeralds, rubies, diamonds, and pearls27www.tourism.gov.tr

23. Jeweled Daggerwww.ee.bilkent.edu.tr/~history/Pictures2/topkapi_dagger_1746.jpg28

24. Golden cradle29www.ee.bilkent.edu.tr/~history/Pictures2/goldencradle_16cc.jpg

25. Gold dishes (for eating sweetmeats)30www.ee.bilkent.edu.tr/~history/Pictures2/Yeni/trea1.JPG

26. The gate of the Topkapi Palace, the oldest and largest of the remaining palaces in the world.31http://www.bibleplaces.com/istanbul.htm

27. It’s a huge palace - the outer wall surrounding it is 3 miles long.32http://www.iconofile.com/events/images/topkapi.jpg

28. The Blue Mosque33http://lloydi.com/travel-writing/turkey/wallpaper/blue-mosque-1x7.jpg

29. Inside the Blue Mosque34http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=95924&rendTypeId=4

30. 3. Superior technology(the benefit of diffusion)

31. Ottoman Sipahi (cavalry)21http://www.osmanischesreich.com/Geschichte/Armee/Heerwesen_I/Sipahi1530.jpg

32. Janissaries

33. MusketCannonSwords

34. How did the empire end?The Europeans destroyed their strengths.

35. Ottoman Strength #1: Control of trade.·Europeans broke this strength by going around Africa and gaining control of trade.

37. Ottoman Strength #2: Wealth·Discovery of the New World leads to great wealth for Europe from the gold andsilver found there.

40. Ottoman Strength #3: Technology·The technology of Europeans surpassed the Ottoman superiority especially in production of guns and munitions and otherproducts necessary for war.

41. Until the 18th century, the Ottoman Empire was one of the greatest empires in the world.43

43. AttachmentsConquerors__Suleyman_the_Magnificent.asf