Ottoman Empire Influence

Ottoman Empire Influence
The Ottomans were by far the greatest of the Muslim empires. It was the greatest in size and power,
and it lasted the longest out of the three Muslim empires. Altogether, the Ottoman empire had the
greatest influence and made the most contributions to world history. The Ottomans had a great
influence on religion. Although the Ottomans we officially Suni Muslims, they respected the non–
Muslims as well. They basically gave religious tolerance to the Islams as long as they paid their
taxes. When it came to Christians, they gave them tolerance too but they did not have the same
amount of religious freedom as the Muslims. Because of their lenient religious policies, many Jews
fled to the Ottoman empire seeking a safe hold. The Ottoman empire was extremely diverse. Many
different cultures, ethnicities, languages, and religions were scattered throughout the Ottoman
Empire. One reason for this could be their location. The empire connected Africa, Europe, and Asia.
This meant that they had different influences and ideas coming from all over. They also had good
trade and technology because they had access to three continents. The Ottoman Empire was so great
because of the exchange of ideas to and from different continents that surrounded them. Because the
empire was so large and had ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Without a good, strong political system, an empire is doomed. Many of empires fell because of
government issues like succession, civil wars, unjust rulers, and so on. The Ottomans had a very
organized system that worked for hundreds of years. The Sultan had supreme authority in both a
political and military sense. This position was also heredity. Since it was difficult to control such a
large empire, Pashas were appointed to be local leaders and administer some of the conquered parts
of the empire. The Pashas did things like collect taxes and maintain the laws, but they were still
responsible to the
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The Ottoman Empire Essay
The Ottoman Empire
Around 1293 the chieftain of a nomadic Turkish tribe named Osman, founded an empire that would
endure almost six hundred years. As this empire grew by conquering lands of the Byzantine Empire
and beyond, it came to include, at its height, all of Asia Minor, Albania, Greece, Bulgaria,
Yugoslavia, Romania, Egypt, Crete, Cyprus, Palestine, and North Africa through Algeria; parts of
Hungry, Austria, Russia, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Oman, U.A.E., and Syria. The elite tactics and fearsome
fighting of the well trained Janissary Corps helped make the Ottoman Empire one of the largest in
the world's history. –1– The first "army" of the Ottoman Empire was made up Gazis, Turkish faith
fighters. They were effective against small ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
VonHamer–Purgstal 773) These Janissary warriors were mostly composed of Christians or Jews
who had converted to Islam. They were brought up in the Janissary camp from about the age of 5.
They were trained to be fearsome warriors, although some were trained to be administrators. Most
of the Janissary soldiers were in the cavalry. The cavalry was one of the main keys to the Ottoman's
many victories. The Janissary Corp's soldiers were paid with a regular salary now that the country
was established and taxes were collected. "Orhan's [son of Osman, the founder of the Ottoman
Empire] capture of Bursa in 1324 provided the first means for developing the administrative,
financial, and military power necessary to make this principality into a real state and create an army"
( J. F. von Hamer–Pugstall 773). The Janissary Corps were the most awesome force that Europe had
contended with for centuries. They were the most fearsome fighters to attack Europe since Gengis
Khan's Golden Hordes. They fought like well trained animals. "Orhan soon was able to capture the
remaining Byzantine towns in north– western Antola: Iznik(1331), Izmit(1337), and
Uskudar(1338)" (J. F. von Hamer–Pugstall 771). –3– "Murad conquered Thorace, northwest of
Constantinople in 1361. He moved the capital to Adrianople" ( J. F. von Hamer–Pugstall 772). The
Ottomans were not always expanding by means of war and conquest. They also gained territory
through marriage and purchases. "Bayezed extended the empire in

The Ottoman Empire : Strength And Fall Of The Ottoman Empire
Before the First World War even began, the Ottoman Empire was in a state of weakness and rapid
transformation. The nineteenth century was one of humiliation, as the Ottomans struggled to recover
control of their corrupted and exhausted military, failing economy, and lost territories. In an attempt
to reestablish themselves as a major power and regain land that was taken by the Balkans and
Russia, they formed an alliance with Britain's enemy, Germany. Although the Ottoman Empire was
in no shape to fight in another war, it looked like there was one in the future.
The slowest of all great powers, the Ottoman Empire joined the Central Powers to form the Triple
Alliance when World War 1 began in October 1914. After the Ottomans ordered a fleet into the
Black Sea to attack the Russians, Russia declared war. Throughout the war, their territories were
constantly under attack by the Triple Entente; Russia, Britain, and France. The United Kingdom and
France invaded the Ottoman Empire through Palestine. Initially, the Ottomans maintained their
defenses and had some important victories. However, that was not enough, four years later, over
millions of soldiers dead and many more wounded, the advancing Allies were too much, forcing
them to agree to an Armistice in 1918. When World War 1 ended, the Ottoman Empire collapsed
altogether. The Armistice of October 1918 may have ended the fighting between the Ottoman
Empire and their allies, but it did not bring establishment or peace to

The Ottoman Empire : European Influence Of The Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman empire was one of the most successful and powerful empires of their time. The empire
was built to become the largest and most influential of the multitude of Muslim empires. The empire
lasted many years because of its strong janissary army and rulers. It had sultans that conquered lands
throughout Europe, Africa and Asia around the Anatolia region. Their military expanded over and
into much of Europe, along with Islam. Though power shifted towards Europe, this shift was not
inevitable.
European dominance of the Anatolia region was avoidable because of the Ottoman Empire. Prior to
the empire, there was dynastic civil warfare in this region. Mehemed II the conqueror, who is
considered the real creator of the empire, took a newly built and advanced navy across Pera to the
Bosporus, to attack both of the walls of Constantinople in order to conquer the city. He later
renamed it Istanbul. Selim the Grim created the Ottoman navy, which effectively captured
Mesopotamia, Egypt and Syria and was then able to acquire the holy cities of Mecca and Medina.
Sultan Suleiman drove the Ottoman Empire to conquering most of its lands. Suleiman conquered
great cities, and introduced military machines to the great Ottoman Empire. Most of the lasting
history of this empire relies on the achievements made by this one ruler. For example, "Suleiman
doubled the size of the empire and oversaw its expansion throughout the Balkans and Hungary and
as far west as Vienna. He also oversaw

The Rule Of The Ottoman Empire
Introduction
As early as 1516, Syria has been known to be ruled under Ottoman Turks Empire for well over
several centuries. In 1916 Arabs and British military collaborated together and rebelled against
Turkish rules. This allowed independence over the Turks for Arab countries and ending 400 years of
supreme political power of the Ottoman Empire. After many years of restructuring Syria economics,
social, and political fields, they combined the Ottoman, French, and Islamic laws up until the 1980's.
The criminal, civil, and commercial codes were mostly based on the French way of practicing laws.
In 1949, they had certain provisions that they had to follow due to religious minorities. Now the
Islamic still had power in some parts of Syria ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They had the largest intelligence–gathering and internal security was the National Security
Directorate, giving employment to about 25,000 personnel. With other security organizations they
would be under supervision with Ministry of Interior. Now these organizations were responsible for
routine police duties and also for national police force. In the 1960's the civil police forces were
used to extensively combat against internal security threats to the government. During the 1970's
and 1980's they used more conventional ways of dealing with professionalism, also using ways to
persuade internal security asparadus effectively. Syria is considered to be a republic and it consists
of executive, legislative, and the judicial branch of government. The executive branch has a
president, two vice presidents, prime minister and a cabinet. The legislative branch is run by the
people's council, which is mainly run by outsiders. The judicial branch consists of the Supreme
Court, the High Judicial Council and the States Court. Islamic law is almost entirely strictly
followed by the judicial system and has many of its roots in ancient Islamic history. There are three
different courts that are in Syria: the courts of first instance, court of appeals, and the highest court
of all is the constitutional court. (Government in Syria. Madeinsyria.com). In 1971 Syria adopted the
constitution of its nation and gave majority of leadership roles to Baath Party in the

Changes In The Ottoman Empire
There have been a series of reforms within the Ottoman Empire initiated with the first decree Hatt–i
Sharif of Gulhane in 1839. This has the beginning of the Tanzimat Era. The reforms have been
influenced by European ideas. Changing the Ottoman theocratic government into a modern state.
With the implement of freeing imprisoned non–Muslims and easing up the tensions of the
conquered subjects of the Ottoman Empire to prevent nationalistic uprisings, such as with the
Greeks in 1821. The Ottoman government has become more secular state for the non–muslims
communities. This degree eliminated taxations of farming into a regular system of assessing taxes,
guaranteeing property to the subjects, reforming their military structure to be more western

The Ottoman And Mughal Empires
During the early modern period, two great Islamic states were created. One, covered most of the
Middle East, while the Balkans covered the remaining majority of India. The two major Islamic
Empires, the Ottomans and the Mughals, both brought major new influences to these regions as
well. The Ottoman and Mughal Empires' influences included great political and military strength,
amongst other things. During the early modern period, these two empires established very large
territories and new boundaries, resembling Russia's rule. Also similarly to Russia, both of these
empires included a diverse population made up of different linguistic, ethnic, and religious groups.
Both the Ottoman and Mughal Empires, while similar, followed their own, separate paths during
most of the early modern period. In doing so, they avoided Western civilization and the rest of the
world, for the most part. However, contact with the West did increase with time as by the late 17th
to early 18th century, "a more substantial Western presence began to affect internal developments".
The Ottoman Empire actually began to take shape several centuries before the dawn of the early
modern period. However, its complete development didn't take place until 1453 when a Turkish
conquest resulted in control of Constantinople. The Ottomans, also known as the Osmanli group of
Turks, were not the original Turkish people involved in Middle Eastern affairs. The success of the
Ottoman Empire rested on two main

The Ottoman And The Fall Of The Ottoman Empire
The Ottomans were initially composed of Turkish tribes who gained most of their power between
the 15th and 16th century, however the empire had been growing since the 13th through the
accumulation of new territory. Their quick expansion was accomplished through winning many
battles. The empire started out in Iran and Mesopotamia, but eventually came to conquer parts of
Turkey and Thrace in the 13th century, Bulgaria, eastern Europe, and Constantinople in the 14th
century, western Asia and southeast Europe in the 15th century, and Crete in the 16th century before
their decline. During the mid to late 1400s, Mehmed II was the Sultan. He conquered territories in
Anatolia and the Balkans as well as Constantinople, granting him the title of "The Conqueror." The
fall of Constantinople was extremely significant in the growth of power for the Ottomans because it
resulted in the fall of the Byzantines after conflicts between the empires for over a century. Shortly
after, Mehmed II obtained the remains of the Byzantine Empire. In the early 1500s, Selim I became
sultan. While in power, he extended their land into Syria, the Hejaz, and Egypt. After Selim I
conquered the Dulkadir principality of Elbistan, conflict arose between the Ottoman Empire and
Syria and Egypt because they had regarded the principality highly. Selim I defeated their armies in
the battles of Marj Dabiq, giving him territories in Syria, Egypt, and Palestine. He was also given
the key to Mecca–– a sign that he was

Rise Of The Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman empire reigned for over 600 years. Two ways in which the Sultans were able to
consolidate their power to secure the throne and deflect challenges was through a superior military
force and second by developing a system to decentralize their population. By colonizing conquered
lands, such as through land–grants, the empire ensured new territories were productive acquisitions
to the kingdom. The Ottoman army was supplied with the newest technologies in firepower. Their
rise to power started when Mehmet took the city of Constantinople in 1453. Mehmet's forces
overwhelmed the Byzantines in both firepower and manpower. The use of cannons, man–power and
exploiting the Byzantine weak defenses allowed him to conquer this important

The Ottoman Empire and Judaism
The reason the Jews went to the Ottoman Empire was because the Christians persecuted them
because of their different beliefs. The Jews were so scared of what the Christians might do they
wanted to settle in a safer place which the Ottomans offered them. The Ottomans offering them land
was the best thing the Jews could have asked for. The Ottomans offered the Jews protection, offered
them communal autonomy and tolerated their religious practices. The Ottomans at the time had a
rule about non–Muslims having to pay a tax, which is called the Jitza. The Muslims considered Jews
and Christians dhimmi or the people of the pact. The dhimmi we issued to pay the jitza, and where
forced to follow these rules; prohibition against carrying fire arms, against riding horses, against
building new houses or worship or even repairing old ones, against proselytism, against building
homes higher than Muslim ones, and they must wear distinctive clothing. Even after all of these
rules the Jewish community still thrived in the Ottoman Empire. The population of Jews in the
Ottoman Empire was very distinct and was coming from different places. The most noticeable and
most studied among the Jews in the Ottoman Empire were the Sephardim. The Sephardim had great
political and cultural influence on the Ottoman Empire. The Jews became very valuable to the
Ottomans because of the ties they had with Europe. Europeans brought new languages and
technologies including the newest forms in medicine,

Compare And Contrast The Ottomans And Ottoman Empire
During the 14th to 16th century, two main empires ruled Spain, the Ottoman and Habsburg empires.
Both empires remained standing for hundreds of years before they fell. The Ottoman Empire was an
Islamic empire with their population mainly consisting of Muslims. Founded in 1299, they lasted for
more than 600 years with more than 30 sultans before they fell. The Habsburg Empire was a Roman
Catholic centric empire founded around the 15th century and lasted for more than 400 years. Both
the Ottomans and Habsburg allowed minority groups to live in their empire under their government,
but had many restrictions that minimized the minority group's freedom. The minority groups were a
big factor in how Habsburg Spain and the Ottomans would maintain their empire. Although each
Empire employed religion as a way to maintain their empire, the Ottomans were more successful in
maintaining their empire as they used religion to create an army and gain money from the
minorities.
In the Islamic ruled empire, the Ottomans relied heavily on religion when it came to maintaining
their empire as they used them to build an army using minorities and gain money for their empire
them as well. In the Ottoman Empire, Christians and Jews were considered dhimmis, as dhimmis
they had their rights protected by Ottoman law and were allowed to continue their own religious
organizations, not be forced to follow Islamic law, and have freedom of choice; this system was seen
as the Ottoman Empire's greatest

Ottoman Empire Research Paper
The Ottoman empire began in the area known as modern day Turkey by Turkic warrior groups in the
early 1300s, and it lasted until after World War I in the 1920s. The Ottoman empire's continued
success through the Early Modern Era and after is attributed to the empire's strong military, vast
amount of territory, mastery of advanced technology, and incorporation of diverse cultures. Mehmed
II was the ruler of the Ottoman empire throughout the mid fourteenth century, and during his rule,
he made many improvements to the government and military, and aided in the empire's success in
conquest. Mehmed II's rule of the Ottoman empire as well as the interception of advanced military
technology allowed the empire use conquest to spread its authority and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Before the city fell to the Ottomans, it represented the center of Eastern Orthodoxy to Christians,
and it was the capital of Byzantine authority. Because of city was a seen as a representation of
Christian power, many other Muslim empires had attempted to conquest the city around thirteen
different times, but Mehmed was the only successful conquestor. Mehmed began to plan the
conquest from the day he gained control of the Ottoman empire, and he took strategic steps––such
as the building of a fortress just outside the city––to ensure that Constantinople would fall to his
military. After a fifty–four day siege, the Constantinople was captured by the Ottomans on May 29,
1453. This capture marked the end of Christian Byzantium, and after the city was captured, it
became the new Ottoman capital under the name of Istanbul. The Conquest of Constantinople
decreased the prominence of Christendom in the Early Modern World, leading Christians to fear
what was referred to as the "terror of the Turk". Mehmed worked throughout his rule to make
Istanbul the commercial center of the Ottoman empire. Mehmed's Conquest of Constantinople
demonstrated the power of the Ottomans to the entire world, leading the empire's establishment of
global

Calligraphy In The Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Research Project (1A)
General Area of Research in the Ottoman Empire: Art
Calligraphy was how most people wrote during the Ottoman Empire. Calligraphy was very
respected by the Ottomans. It was mainly used in the city of Istanbul. Derman, Ugur. "The Art of
Calligraphy In The Ottoman Empire." Muslimheritage.com. Muslim Heritage, N.D. Web. March
2nd 2017. There were two types of architecture that greatly influenced the Ottomans. There were
many types of architecture and they were mosques, hammams, and kulliyes. The mosques were
places where people could worship. Hammams were basically public baths. Kulliyes were the
buildings that surrounded the mosques. "Ottoman Empire: Art & Architecture." Study.com. N.P.,
N.D. Web.

Ottoman Empire Imperialism
The Ottoman Empire and China, two once very powerful nations, both fell to European imperialism
in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The Europeans were able to invade these regions
with their far more advanced ideas regarding military weapons and technology. The Europeans
created unfair trading clauses within these regions as well as indirectly invading them with new
religions and ideas that led to internal revolts. The European imperial rule in the Ottoman Empire
and China gave way to similar experiences due to a technological and military gap between the two
regions and the Europeans, which lead to the reliance on foreign trade and loans, however the
Ottomans had more success with defensive modernization as they had little ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
China, like the Ottoman Empire, was a nation overcome with age old ideas and philosophies which
was no match for a modern and militarily advanced European army. The ruling dynasty in China
was almost overcome simply from an internal revolt, the Taiping Uprising, a rebellion led by
Chinese Christians which gave way to death, carnage, and showed a lack of real leadership that
could not hold the nation together. The Chinese attempted to use their examination system to recruit
up and coming men who could serve their country against the West, but ultimately the technological
and military gap proved too much for the Chinese. The Europeans created unfair trade clauses and
invaded the Chinese with Opium in order to fully gain the materials that China had to offer, such as
tea. The Opium Wars led to internal revolts as many of the Chinese citizens had become addicted to
the drug and did not want to give it up. The Europeans prospered from their addiction as it payed
and served them well. The Chinese did give a push back at the Europeans with their self
strengthening ideas, which were led by their conservative leaders who felt threatened by the urban
and commercial development the Europeans helped move along. Although the Chinese were able to
fight back against the Europeans during the Opium Wars, sometimes during battles with which they
won, ultimately

Essay On The Ottoman Empire
In the late 12th century, near the city of Constantinople, an empire originated. This empire was
founded by Turkish natives who wanted to build an empire after their leader, Osman. This empire
had a sultan, who was in the highest position, but was run by a small ruling class. This imperial
system was run by a power of Muslim control over non–Muslim populations. They allowed their
people to live under the laws of their own religions. Non–Muslims and Christians however, were
given limited freedom, but were still treated as second–class citizens.
Furthermore, the Ottoman's held a strong political pyramid. The sultan was the highest and at the
top, followed by a group of wealthy leaders, and then the commoners, who were known as the
Rayyah. Industrialization was a main focus of this empire. Their goal was to develop cities into
commercial and industrial centers. Fortunately for them, they were able to make trade routes within
their empire. In the social life of the Ottomans, the women were put under harsh restrictions from
the Islamic Law. Their life outside of the home was limited, but by no means non–existent. The
Ottoman empire was known for their strong military structure. It was organized by Osman in the late
13th century. High positions in the military and political power were offered as well, the ideal ...
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Hindu populations, however, felt threatened because of the ruling Muslims and their high political
power jobs. The empire spread arts, culture, and faith within their people. The Mughal empire was
known to be diverse in this sense. When the Mughals first rose to power, they urbanized their
conquered areas. They had a market where the government was in charge of controlling what was
sold and for its set price. Once the economy reached a more stable state, the market was changed to
a free market, in which supply and demand was the controlling

Early Ottoman Medicine
Early Ottoman Medicine ranged from the 16th century to the 18th century but unlike most places of
the time, its medicinal knowledge was not isolated. The Ottomans had a very diverse body of
knowledge and based their practices on ideas from all around the world. The knowledge came from
the traditions of medieval Islam and central Asia. They also collected information from many
sources such as Greek, Persian and Turkish books. When it came to immigrants, Ottomans always
had open arms. By doing this, they were able to collect information from Iranian physicians and
Jews who were running from persecution in countries such as Spain, Portugal and Italy. The
Ottomans collected information from all around the world, helping them implement the most
advanced and up–to–date practices. However, not all of their practices were advanced. In early
Ottoman medicine there was a wide range of medical practices ranging from those deemed
superstitious and supernatural to practices considered extremely advanced. Some Ottoman
physicians practiced advanced methods but they did not come from advanced beliefs. The beliefs of
Humoralism, one of the three types of medicine practiced at the time would today be laughed at.
Humoralists believed that the body was made up of four humors: blood, phlegm, black bile and
yellow bile. They believed that sickness would be caused by an imbalance of these humors. To heal
the sick person it was necessary to find what humor was imbalanced and return balance to

Ottoman Domes
The dome is considered one of the most important architectural elements in Islamic culture and the
dome became a very important architectural element during the Ottoman time period and many of
these domes drew from earlier Islamic and the Hellenistic Roman world. The dome is one of the
most important elements of the Ottoman time period and they were known for being one of the main
cultures in history to incorporate domes as a main component in their architecture. Ottomans used
domes in mosques (the largest domes were reserved for mosques), madrasas, and türbes.
Monumental domes began to appear in the 14th century in the Ottoman capital Bursa, in the 15th
century in Edirne and after the conquest of Constantinople in Istanbul. This paper will address the
domes built under the Ottomans from the late 1300s to the 1600s. However, it is important to note
that early Ottoman architecture was heavily influenced by both Seljuks and the Byzantines– their
immediate predecessors. The dome itself, as built by the Ottomans are almost all hemispherical in
shape. Theresa Grupico explains that "Domes and tent canopies were associated with the heavens in
Ancient Persia and the Hellenistic Roman world. A dome over a square base reflected the geometric
symbolism of those shapes. The circle represented perfection, eternity, and the heavens. The square
represented the Earth. An octagon was intermediate between the two."
The Ottoman empire began modestly, as a principality of the western vanguard

The Ottoman And Mughal Empires
Naly Lor
William Dick
History 112 – 1W1
14 October 2014
Ottoman and Mughal Empires People, places, and/or things come and go, changing from one thing
to another or none at all. In other cases, it is just not people, places, and/or things, it can also be
generations or empires. Empires are known to adopt similar traditions or beliefs from other empires.
In addition, some empires have similar, but slightly different laws and/or goals. Two of the empires
that were similar, but different is many ways are the Ottoman and Mughal Empires. Being similar
does not include having the exact same ideas, equipment, beliefs, etc. The Ottoman and Mughal
Empires are two different empires, but they both have a couple of similar things. Starting off with
religions in the Ottoman Empire, there are Christians, Jews, Muslims, and non–Muslims. In the
Mughal Empire, there are Muslims and large populations of Hindus. Therefore, the similarity of
both empires are of different religions. Another similarity is the vast empires with both of their great
achievements and military. In addition, women in these empires were powerful. They were allowed
to own property in both empires and also achieved many things such as charity foundations.
However, these two empires are very different. The Ottoman Empire started in 1301 and ended in
1922. That empire was one of the largest and longest empires in history ("Ottoman Empire"). When
the Ottoman Empire came to be, it succeeded the Byzantine Empire and was

Genocide In The Ottoman Empire
The events of World War I in the Ottoman Empire, where approximately two million Christian
inhabitants were killed or disappeared traceless, are usually described as the 1915 genocide or the
Armenian genocide since the Armenians constituted up to 1.5 million of these victims. The genocide
practically emptied the Ottoman Empire and current Turkey from its Christian population, leaving
an almost entirely Muslim/Turkish Turkey. Genocide is considered to have been intended as a
solution to the Armenian Question, but also other minorities in the Ottoman Turkey, mainly
Christian Assyrians/Syrians/Chaldeans and Greeks suffered as well.
The massacres were an attempt to create a new homogenous Turkish state. The former ethnic and
religious diversity that characterized the Ottoman Empire, had in the accelerating decomposition of
the empire from early 1800s, disappeared, namely when the Christian nations in the Balkans began
to free themselves and proclaim independence. This made the Ottoman Empire, from being multi–
religious, now converted to a virtually Muslim empire. It did not take long until the Arabs of North
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They can aware others of what is going on regarding violence. People can look at the evidence as a
way of making things or plans for something in the future better or easier to handle. History can be
used as a "review packet" for the future. History has successions and failures. People today can look
at the successions as a way to make something better and use the failures to find another way to do
something. People can use history to see what happened wrong or what turned out wrong because of
someone or a specific event. In today's time, Donald Trump has already made huge mistakes such as
having North Korea as our enemy and breaking alliances that we already had with other countries.
History is like our cheat sheet to a peaceful and nonviolent

Rise Of The Ottoman Empire
Franklin Martin
ENC1102–8:25
Prof. Minchener
1 April 2015
Rise of the Ottoman Empire: The Nomads Who Became Kings During the period 1299–1923 AD, in
which the Ottoman Empire existed, there were changes that occurred due to conquest and expansion
that resulted in imperfect religious tolerance, many technological contributions, and European style
features. The prominent western view throughout history is that the Ottomans were savage
conquerors unlike the established monarchies of Europe. The more accurate view is that Europe and
the Ottoman Empire shared both various characteristics that were very similar and some which were
starkly different. The spiritual justification which was present on both sides had similar origins and
doctrines which lead to a hostile distinction between Christianity and Islam. As Goffman states "Just
as siblings often fight with appalling brutality, the very resemblance and historical proximity of the
two faiths created a bitter rivalry" (8). Under Ottoman rule as a result of the early conquests there
was some religious tolerance which compared to Europe was more than generous. The religious
tolerance was nonetheless still imperfect, it was essentially a system to maintain the minorities calm
and reduce the cost of local utilities. Tolerance was not without purpose and it was only for the
people of the book. The millet system allowed for similar religions to rule areas under their own law.
Similar religions being Christianity and Judaism for the

The Ottoman Empire
Our History 102 class topics were interesting and enlightening. From discoveries to parliaments our
lives have been changed through evolutions and revolutions. Though there were many topics that
sparked my interest and choosing one to elaborate on the Ottoman Empire stood out most. This
analysis will show its development and reasons for its nick name as the Sick man of Europe.
Ottoman Turks were established in Turkey. This area was rich and famous. The land at that time was
called Anatolia that meant sunrise, or the East. After the death of the ruler, Alexander the Great,
Anatolia was split between many Greek generals. The early Turks came from Central Asia after
being pushed out by the Mongols. In the eighth century they came into contact with Muslims that
transpired into them embracing the Islamic religion. It was the period of industrialization that is
development and money making initiative. Through this initiative and collaboration Mosques, inns,
schools, and bridges were built creating canvas routes that went through the Middle East to China.
In 1040 at the time known as the Seljuk Turks that rose to power and created an empire. The Turkish
language was then presented to the region. After a major battle called at Malazgirt in Eastern
Anatolia that created a Muslim Turkish influence on Anatolia this was the beginning of four
crusades that ended in war to the region. The Seljuk Empire came to end by the 13th century after
being beaten by Mongol powers. In 1330, the

Ottoman Empire Society
Over the past few weeks in this class I have read about a multitude of societies thought different
time periods. Each society is unique in their own different ways, and with these differences have
come attractions, that make each society desirable, as well as things that make them inconvenient. If
I were to chose one society to live it, it would be the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman empire was
established and soon began to expand, it had the hopes to protect the people under the empire as
well as expand and become powerful.The Ottoman Empire conquered many other societies while
maintaining the philosophy conquer not kill. One aspect that attracts me to the Ottomans was when I
read about how they built their empire by not only absorbing the Muslims of Anatolia as well
protecting the Orthodox Church and the Greek Christians of Anatolia. This struck my attention,
because it showed how blended the culture that surrounds the Ottoman empire is. Another aspect
that caught my attention was how well conquered the Ottoman were, they conquered over 50 cities.
The larger cities were ruled with ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I completely understand that it was acceptable and almost expected for people to own slaves and use
them. However, the only problem I find with how the slave use is in the Ottoman empire is that
there was a social order for the slaves. I don't know why this made me uncomfortable, and maybe I
do know. It could be that I live in the 21st century and slaves are a touchy subject, and it could be
that it disgusts be that a person would have the desire to own another human being. I am not able to
quiet pin point the issue I find in this, but the fact that these slaves have established a form of social
order, gives me the sense that they believe it is okay to be sold and used as seem fit. That theses
slaves had inherited their own social organization, or pyramid, that was to be

Ottoman Empire Women
The traditional status of women in the Ottoman Empire was not as oppressive as it was in England
and China, however majority of the drastic changes referring to the legal rights of women took place
after the fall of the Ottoman Empire following World War I. During the 16th and 17th centuries, the
Ottoman Empire was going through an era known as the Sultanate of Women. During this period,
women of the Imperial Harem demonstrated that they had mass political influence when it came to
governing the empire. The Harem were private quarters of the Sultan, his wife, his children and his
workers. Overall, there was a mass shift in gender during this time period because wives and
mothers began to give the Sultan political advice. For example, Nurbanu Sultan was the legal ...
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It was the process of arranged marriages by fellow Christians or Jews. However, when the 19th
century began, Islamic Law required that the female give her consent to the marriage contract, then
go to the Muslim court that took her stance, thus preventing any unwanted or forced marriage. This
was a massive change because arranged marriages were a crucial part of traditional customs, and
Islamic Law gave women the opportunity to decide their own future. While this was an
improvement for Ottoman women, oppression continued to be present in society. Similar to this
situation would be that of women's rights in Japan. The rise of the Meiji Restoration in 1889
certainly lessened the influence of men in society. However, women were still oppressed and denied
of any legal rights. The Meiji Constitution completely ignores women's rights, and its sole focus was
of men in society. The Ottoman Empire fell after the end of World War I, and this is when various
nations made a name for themselves on the global map. For example, the Republic of Turkey was
created in 1923, and this put an end to 600 years of Ottoman

Rise Of The Ottoman Analysis
In the Article, "The Rise of the Ottoman Turks and Its Historical Background", William L. Langer
and Robert P. Blake precisely discuses to readers the progression of one of the most phenomenal
empires in history, The Ottomans. To go along with that they also speak upon any of its historical
backgrounds. The information that is provided in this article comes from two authors that have
worked with history for multiple years. The first author is William L. Langer; Historian, ex–
chairman of the history department at Harvard University, and a specialist in diplomacy. He also has
worked on many books in his past, but mainly dealing with European History. The second author,
historian, and also a professor from Harvard, Robert P. Blake mainly has a past with focusing on the
Byzantine Empire. So they are both very reliable sources when ... Show more content on
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Throughout this passage both authors, Langer and Blake inform readers about the Ottomans in no
chronological order whatsoever hopping from different dates throughout the article. They start off
by discussing about the rapid progress of Turkish studies during the eighteenth century, which
introduces the multiple chroniclers that had tried to create the chronicles of the Ottoman Empire
such as Josef Von Hammer, Johann Zinkeisen, and a brief more(470–474). Langer and Blake uses
the chroniclers as resources to give different information out about the Ottomans. As information is
given from each of the chroniclers, Langer and Blake tells readers what the strongpoints of all of the
popular chroniclers were on the chronicles of the Ottoman History(470–474). After that, the article
slowly progresses to concrete facts about the Ottoman Empire. These facts consist of how the
geography of it was, the different emperors throughout the empire, the history of the Turks, the
economy, the defeats, the victories, just the overall timeline of the Ottomans. Langer and Blake
wrote this article

Changes In The Ottoman Empire
The decrease of the Ottoman state made the beginning of reform essential, while in the meantime
expanded the bartering force of capable European nations that wished to advance their own
particular investments. These states meddled with the interior undertakings of the Ottoman state and
pushed for changes with the point that, through the presentation of reforms, they would promote
new opportunity and better guarantees for existing interests. Meanwhile, these states expected that a
further decrease in the Ottoman Empire would strengthen political and military unsteadiness in the
Balkans, which consequently could also debilitate the security of Europe.
Determined by need and political weight, in the early 19th century, the Ottoman Empire presented
an arrangement of political changes known as Tanzimat. Among others, these changes went for
reinforcing further the guideline toward oneself of different non–Muslim amasses and acquaint their
political uniformity with the Muslims under the idea of Ottomanism. The Tanzimat changes nullified
the customary qualification of the Ottoman subjects to those belonging to the ummah and viewed
everyone of them as Ottoman residents ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Unlike Russia, the Christian character of Europe was an obstruction for the Ottoman reformers to
seek after an approach of wholesale Westernization. Islam was a key distinction of the Ottoman state
and civilization, which obliged nineteenth century reformists to embrace particular modernization.
Its main precepts were: the guarantee of the life and property of all imperial subjects; the prohibition
of punishment without a fair trial; implicit recognition of the equality of Muslim and non–Muslim
subjects before the law; taxation in keeping with individual income; abolition of tax–farming; and
settlement of the period of military

Ottoman Empire
By the turn of the twentieth century, the once powerful Ottoman–Islamic Middle Eastern order was
rendered unstable by conflicts emanating from its core components to the challenge of European
dominance. Its economic order was restructured into different parts of the region. The Capitulations,
were transformed into tools of European economic and political control. In an effort to recover
Middle Eastern military strength and prevent rebellion and European imperialism, the rulers of
Egypt and the Ottoman Empire started to purchase European military technology. But the cost
associated with these endeavors exceeded the financial capacities of the two states' and they were
forced to seek loans from European lenders. The economic environment eventually ... Show more
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But by 1920, neither that state nor its Islamic institutions held prominence in the Middle East, and
its former Arab and Turkish subjects faded into obscurity. In its final century the Ottoman system
underwent considerable transformation. The reform movement strengthened the administrative
efficiency and the military capability of the empire, but at the same time the reforms were bound to
undermine the foundations on which the Ottoman order rested. Despite the administrative changes
and the spread of nationalist revolts in the Balkans, the Arab subjects of the empire neither wanted,
nor anticipated, its collapse and replacement by a regional Arab state system. The doctrine of
Arabism surfaced before the war, but it was not so much a program for political independence so
much as a demand for Arab autonomy within an Ottoman framework. Thus, at the outbreak of the
war, Ottomanism remained the dominant ideology in the Arabic–speaking provinces. And despite all
the attention that Sharif Husayn's revolt later received, they did not detach the majority of Arabs
from their Ottoman loyalties during the war years. But by the end of the war in 1918, Ottomanism
was irrelevant. The French occupation of Damascus and the creation of regional states, compelled
the Arab elites to focus their attention on developments in their own new states. Arabs that had been
formerly occupants of Ottoman provinces, now had to create new identities as Iraqis, Syrians,
Palestinians, etc. One element in the post–Ottoman Middle East did remain constant, the individuals
who rose to political prominence in the new states were mainly those who had held positions of
power and or influence within the Ottoman system, whether they were local notables or prior
Ottoman civil servants and

Ottoman American Identity
Everyone has a different perspective on an idea because of our nurture, for example, our religious
beliefs, economic background and values and opinions instilled by our families throughout our
adolescence. The key reasons Europeans articulated such different views of the Ottoman Empire and
the Turks is because they were afraid of a religion and culture they had zero or very little knowledge
of. This is greatly demonstrated throughout of the kinds of sources they've read and had heard of, as
well as their religious identities. Some different views that will be discussed are that the Ottomans
are elites, a strong force with a strong military, and that they are a refined group as well as that they
were barbaric.
The types of sources provided and that were available greatly influence the views of the Ottoman
Empire and the Turks by the Europeans. This is greatly represented throughout the article "'Depicted
with Extraordinary Skill': Ottoman Dress in Sixteenth–Century German Printed Costume Books" by
Charlotte ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some of the images articulated by the Europeans before the costume books were available were that
the Ottomans were an elite group of people, who were refined with a very strong and noble army, as
well as they were seen as barbaric because of the way they ruled their people. Some of these views
may be true, but the costume books helped to change the way people saw them. Religion played a
strong role on the view of the Ottomans by the Europeans because the Europeans were afraid that
they would lose the remainder of the fortresses that were under their current rule. If this were to
happen, they feared that their religion would be less superior then the Ottoman and Turk religion,
which also links to why they would want to try and get the Ottomans to become

What Is The Ottoman Empire?
The Ottoman Empire is one of the most influential and powerful civilizations to ever reign. Their
glory in the sixteenth century represents one of the heights of humanity, creativity, optimism, and
artistry. The empire they created was the largest of the Muslim culture and military expansion
crossed over into Europe. This force to be reckoned with established their empire over all of
European Territory and established Islamic Traditions and culture that last to this current day.
The Ottomans arose in Anatolia in the west of Turkey, coming primarily as settlers. They ruled a
small military state in western Anatolia by 1300, about the time the reign of Seljuk was falling apart.
This allowed the ottomans to extended their influence over most of Anatolia and into the Byzantine
territory by the 1400's. By 1402, the Ottomans had moved their capital to ... Show more content on
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This city seemed to defy the great expansion of Islam, yet Constantinople withheld every invasion
and attack. But with this overtaking of Constantinople, the Ottomans would become a powerful
symbol and make them the master of east–west trade. The Ottomans took the city, which was led by
Sultan Mehment II. Mehmet moved his capital to Constantinople, which he renamed Istanbul. From
this point on the capital of the Ottoman Empire would remain there and become one of the most
prosperous and cultured cities in the world. Furthermore Mehmet II conquests continued into Asia
and Balkan Peninsula, taking Greece, Bosnia and several Venetian possessions in the Aegean
islands. The Ottomans political traditions were passed down from various ethnic groups. The main
function of the Sultan or ruler was to

The Habsburg and Ottoman Empire
Throughout history there has been many religious conflicts. Of those, the Habsburg and Ottoman
Empire are two of them. The Habsburg Empire was considered a Catholic Empire and the Ottoman
was an Islam Empire. Charles V owned the Habsburg Empire. He inherited castile–Aragon (Spain)
and the Habsburg territories. He also became the ruler of Aztec and Inca Empires in the Americas.
(Sivers, Desnoyer, Stow 2012 Pg. 537) After battling against France in 1519, Charles was the title of
emperor. In 1299, Osman Bey was in charge of the Ottoman Empire when he established
independent rule in Anatolia. The expansion of the Ottoman Empire began in 1453.
The battle in which Charles encountered was just the start of his religions war. At first religion
served to support political authority. While he won the title of emperor, he also was made overlord
of all German principalities and supreme among the monarchs of western Christianity. Although this
title did not mean much in terms of power and financial gain in either the German principalities or
western Christianity as a whole, it made him the titular political head of western Christianity and
thereby the direct counterpart of Sultan Suleyman in the struggle for dominance in the Christian–
Muslim world of Europe, the Middle East and northern Africa. (Sivers, Desnoyer, Stow 2012 Pg.
537–538)
After this was when things started to get harder for Charles V. He was faced with Religious
differences as a challenge to political authority. Charles V.

Pride In The Ottoman Empire
As I struggle up this unstable wooden ladder I cannot help but feel a sense of pride in the empire I
am defending. In years past, we Turks have slowly been acquiring large amounts of land for the
Ottoman Empire and finally conquering Constantinople will validate the triumphs we have earned
throughout the west. As a Janissary of the great Ottoman Empire it is my duty to wield my shield
and sword to expand this empire that I serve. The crack of guns echoes through the battle and arrows
whiz past my armored head. Bodies tumble over the sturdy fortress that encircles Constantinople as
I continue scaling the ladder. Nonetheless, I focus on my mission: entering the city walls. Hopefully,
the sultan will give us soldiers a chance to loot the Byzantines

The Empire Of The Ottoman Empire
Three of the greatest empire in the history the ottomans in turkey, the Safavids in Persia and the
Mughals in the Indian subcontinent emerged in the Muslim world between the 14th and the 18th
centuries. These three greatest empire resulted in a powerful cultural interaction. The empires
expanded their power and thus Turkish, Mongol and Arab ways of life blended. It resulted in a
flowering of Islamic culture that raised higher in the 16th centuries. The empires ruled through
Islamic Sariah's. They based the authority on Islam. Their basement of power were strong armies,
advanced technology and legal administrative officers. The Ottomans Build a Vast Empire The
ottomans established a vast empire that lasted for a long time, more than 600 years and blended
many cultures in one. The empire's history is still important as many modern societies, from Algeria
to Turkey, originated from the Ottomans rule. Setting the Stage By 1300, the Byzantine Empire was
declining. The nomadic Turks were invading the lands. They had a long history of invading others.
But they were not united. From this place, a strong leader will emerge in and rule the empire
strongly. Turks Move into Byzantium Many Anatolian Turks, to be seen as Ghazi's (warriors of
Islam), formed military societies under the leadership of an emir. They used to follow Islamic code
of conduct. They raided the territories on the frontiers of Byzantine Empire. Byzantine Empire The
Byzantine Empire, or Eastern Roman Empire, was the

The Battle Of The Ottoman Empire
For the Ottoman to progress further it needed a new national mantra for legitimacy in order to earn
the respects of its subjects, in addition the empire had to mold a new national ethos . As said before
that if "the Empire was to survive in the modern world, it could no longer be a group of disparate
communities held together by force and obedience to a ruling family; it needed a unity of
consciousness, which would create an active moral link between rulers and the ruled" (Hourani
1991: 52). In this sense the old ways of cementing authority were no longer valid during the mid–
nineteenth century. Another country that faced this dilemma was Russia, which ironically, was a
longtime rival of the Ottoman Empire for influence in Eastern Europe and the Black Sea, yet just
like the Ottoman Empire it also faced the challenges of reconciling the increasingly outdated notion
of absolute monarchy to modern civic values. For Russia its answer was to turn to an ideology that
would seemingly be a unifying factor for the Slavic peoples in Europe with the Czar as its head
similar to that of Pan–Islam followed by Abdul–Hamid. In the Russian case it would follow three
principles: Orthodoxy, Autocracy, and Nationality. This notion was formulated by the late Russian
education minister Sergei Uvarov who stated these principles in an 1832 report outlining the future
direction of Russian education. Uvarov, a man who once studied in Vienna and an enthusiast for
Oriental Studies, believed that the

The Collapse Of The Ottoman Empire
Introduction
The Ottoman empire was a mighty empire that ruled form 1299–1918. With its humble beginnings
in the 12th century to become the most powerful empire in Europe the 16th century under the caliph
Suleiman the magnificent, however like all empires the Ottomans reached a stage of stagnation.
Although the Ottomans collapsed at the end of WW1, the main factors contributing the collapse
begun in the 17th century where the Ottoman empire's gradual process of decline started.
This essay will explore the most notable factors that contributed to the collapse of the Ottoman
empire. Beginning with the political situation in the 17th century and the attempted solution to solve
the issue of succession which at times crippled the empire. The economic decline which went
parallel with the political one with the empire no longer able to attain its wealth form the military
expeditions and the influx of silver from Europe casing the inflation issues leading to the
capitalisations with the European nations. The factor of the religious and social situation in the 19th
century and its effects on the central government and the empires minorities. The rise of nationalism
throughout Europe which made its way to the Ottoman empire ensuring its destruction.
Paragraph 1
One of the major factors that contributed to the collapse of the ottoman Empire was the issue of
succession within the empire. Since the birth of the Ottoman Empire, the sultan was the central
figure having to make decisions in all aspects of the empire from military, economic and political
decisions.
The Ottoman empire was a dynasty so whenever the sultan had died one of the sons will take charge
of the throne, the sons of the sultan will serve as governors within the empire gaining the required
experience needed to take the pivotal role of the sultan. in most cases the successor was chosen by
the sultan before his death however when this was not done it caused some problems as to who will
take charge of the throne. After the father had died often the sons would fight bloody civil wars as to
who will take power crippling the empire.
Seeking to solve this devastating problem Sultan Ahmad I (Sultan from 1603– 1617) proposed
solution. He implemented to new

Fashions In The Ottoman Empire
Ottoman textiles are considered to be some of the most elegant textiles that were produced in the
Islamic world. They were executed in a range of woven techniques with satins and velvets. They
were characterized with large scaled motifs and metallic threads. Some of the textiles remnants of
the Ottoman Empire still exist today and have very much so played an influential role in textile
making.
The Ottoman Empire is one of the largest and longest lasting empires in history, which spanned
from 1299–1922 CE. It became the center of trade between the western and eastern world. During
the 16th century the Ottoman Empires political and economic power reached its peak; therefore
making the arts reach a turning point. Their textile industry became bigger and of more superior
quality. The Ottoman sultans wore only the best fabrics, which were made into Kaftans and robes.
Their choice of elegant fabrics and designs marked a statement for the Ottoman textile development.
Some of the fabrics consisted of satin, silk, kemha, seraser, lampas, etc. They developed their own
motifs and designs as well.
The main religion in the Ottoman Empire was Islam. Islam is a monotheistic religion that is based
off of the revelations from the prophet Muhammad. The beliefs and symbols of this religion greatly
influenced the designs used in their textiles.
Court designers made special textile designs for the courts garments and furnishings in the palace.
There was a very high demand for these textiles

The Ottoman Empire : The Fall Of The Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire was one of the greatest empires to ever reign in history. It is widely recognized
as being one of the most advanced and inclusive empires especially in the first half of its existence.
The Ottomans were ahead of the Europeans in just about every aspect of civilization for a few
centuries. They were constantly defeating the militaries of the Europeans until the Battle of Lepanto
in 1571. The Ottomans were a formidable force in the area for a long period of time. In the
nineteenth century, the Ottomans had realized that they had fallen far behind the Europeans
economically, socially, and militarily. The documentary, The Ottomans: Europe's Muslim Emperors
discusses this. They describe the Ottoman Empire as "This was an empire on an life support system,
an old world dynasty colliding with a modern world." The Ottomans saw they were behind and
enacted many decrees, that became known as the Tanzimat or the reorganization of the Ottoman
Empire in a literal translation. The Tanzimat reorganizations were too little, too late. The Tanzimat
failed because of its inability to fix their outdated systems and to create a strong constitution to keep
their changes in place. For instance, the Ottoman Empire to assimilate to the Europeans. The first of
these was when Sultan Abdülmecid began to westernize the palace. This was a step that they would
spread throughout the rest of the empire. The Ottomans wanted to show the Europeans that they
were able to

The Ottoman Of The Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine army was a very large and successful army that brought the Byzantine Empire into
the middle ages. The army flourished because of their new developments in warfare, and their
organized battle tactics. The fall of the Byzantine Empire was due to the Ottoman Turks, who had
been pushing borders constantly. The Byzantine Empire never had complete military peace
throughout their entire 1000 years. This lead to several influential developments in their civilization.
Through this paper, I will discuss various types of troops and formations that the Byzantine Army
used for many years as well as the overall organization.
After the fall of Rome, and due to Diocletian 's efforts, the land was split up into two parts, East, and
West. The western part was claimed by the Goth's and other enemies. A city in the eastern part of the
territory called Byzantium was reclaimed by the people inhabiting the area, mainly Greeks.The
civilization of Byzantium was formed as a result. Constantine the Great, an Emperor of the Roman
Empire made a city in Eastern Rome called Constantinople (now known as Istanbul), and this city
later became the capital of the Byzantine Empire, as well as the capital of ancient Christianity. In the
early days of the Empire, the Byzantine army was still fighting in the old, Roman ways. Their
strategies were not working well, as they had too much land to govern from one location. Their
military was small, because they did not have enough money from tax, a

The Ottoman Empire : The Decline Of The Ottoman Empire
One year into World War I, 1915, and the Ottoman Empire is in a downward spiral. The Ottoman
Empire had been a very powerful empire ever since the 14th century, standing tall through whatever
was thrown their way. But as the Ottomans were fighting against the Russians, their decline became
significant, so significant that they joined the Central Powers, Austria–Hungary and Germany. The
Ottoman Turks were so desperate to blame their failures on something, they decided to blame it on
the Armenians living in northern Turkey. To this day, Armenians around the world still remember
what happened to their ancestors, never forgetting a single moment. The Ottoman Empire was
established in the early 1300's. The Ottoman Turks were in a constant state being in power, only
having a few slip ups here and there. The Ottoman Empire was placed around the Mediterranean Sea
and was diverse throughout its empire. They were the best at trading and taking over other places
around them. The Ottoman Turks have been known to prosecute certain people that they didn't like,
and they let that show during World War I.
World War I was the most brutal at the time. People were getting killed left and right. The Ottoman
Empire, on the other hand, was in decline. They were trying to fight the Russians in the north and
maintaining their empire. Things were getting so out of control that the Young Turks looked for
something to blame their decline on. They looked straight at the Armenian people. There was
approximately two million Armenians living in the Ottoman Empire at the time. 1 Before the
Armenian genocide, the world didn't really know about genocides and what happens during them.
The definition of a genocide is an organized way of killing people, trying to get rid of an entire race,
and that's exactly what the Ottoman Turks started to do to the Armenians.
Into the second year of World War I, in April is when the Ottoman Turks started their prosecution on
the two million Armenians living in northern Turkey. The Ottoman Turks started off with rounding
up Armenian intellectuals and brought them to the main square and hung them in front of everyone.
As time went on, the Ottoman Turks rounded up more and more Armenians

The Ottoman Empire Of Islam
The Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Turks who initially relocated from Central Asia, rose to control
in the late 1300s mid 1400s to pick up administration over a large portion of the Middle East. In
1453 the armed force of Mehmed II, "The Conqueror," conveyed their massive siege cannons to the
entryway of Constantinople and raged the Christian capital. Subsequent to catching Constantinople
in 1453 the Ottomans had built up a genuine domain, contemporary with the Habsburg. The
Ottoman was the remainder of the grand extensive empire of Islam, overlying the Abbasid and
Seljuk, with some Mongol impact through the Ilkhanids of Persia. The Fall of Constantinople
denoted the end of the Middle Ages and the start of another age in Europe.
The Spanish and Portuguese Voyage The first countries in Europe to explore the Atlantic would be
Portugal and Spain. They both had a lot of sea involvement in the Mediterranean, on account of
exchange and long arrangement of maritime wars against the Ottoman Turks. Portuguese and
Spanish exploration amid the 1400s and mid 1500s continued in two ways. To start with, the
Portuguese endeavored to achieve the grounds of the far east by guiding their way down the
shoreline of Africa, adjusting the landmass, and after that sailing across the Indian Ocean to Asia.
Second, and meanwhile, the Spanish, rivaling the Portuguese endeavored to locate their own course
to Asia by sailing west, around the world. Broadly the Spanish discovered the continents of

The Decline Of The Ottoman Empire
How the Decline of the Ottoman Empire Led to the Armenian Genocide
Extended Essay in History
Word Count: 3941
Douglas County High School
Douglasville, GA, USA
Examination Session:
May 2016
Kiran Lakhani
ABTRACT
Through the investigation of the changes occurring from the first European presence in the Muslim
world to the end of the Ottoman Empire, this essay attempts to answer why the Armenian genocide
occurred. The Ottoman Empire started its decline when Napoleon entered Egypt in 1798. Napoleon
brought along with him armies but also a new culture. The British did the same with Moghul India.
The elite and people in positions of power were impressed by what the Europeans and the
Americans were doing and seeing how powerful and successful they were. The Turks in the
Ottoman Empire wanted the same. The Young Turks overthrew the Sultan of the time and started a
reform of the Ottoman Empire to try to salvage it. The Young Turks also believed that all people
regardless of religion or ethnicity deserved the same rights.
The Armenians were one of the ethnicities that were in the minority. They obtained more rights
when the policy was put in place. Before the Armenians received their right they were rebelling
against the Ottomans. This was frightening to the majority. Massacres of the minorities, especially
the Armenians started well before 1915, but the killings progressed in 1915. Many of the Armenians
were deported and forced to leave their homes. In 1915

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