The Ottoman Empire flourished between 1500-1700 AD, ruled by an absolute monarchy. The Sultan held supreme political and religious power. The empire grew to include parts of Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East. Some key innovations during this period included advances in architecture, science, and astronomy, led by figures like Mimar Sinan and Takyuddin. The empire dominated trade in the eastern Mediterranean and became a cultural center under Suleiman the Magnificent. However, the empire began declining after defeats in the 1600s.

1. OTTOMAN EMPIRE
1500-1700 AD
CHY4U0C Presented by: May Buraik & Victoria Ogundimbola

2. The Ottoman Empire
The Ottomans were a Nomadic group of Turkish people that originally came from
central Asia and settled in Anatolia region.

4. OTTOMAN SOCIETY AND INSTITUTIONS
The Ottomans believed that leadership was a divine right bestowed on a
chosen family.
 The Ottoman Regime was a centralized absolute one ruled at the top by
the Sultan.
 The Ottomans never developed a legal procedure for the accession of a
Sultan
 The young Princes were educated and trained in the provinces.
 Only one of them had the right to rule.
 The need for political stability required the brothers of the new
Sultan to be eliminated as was the case with Mehmet II
Mehmet II

5. Ottoman Empire led by
Political structure
Only
Absolute Descendants of
Sultan could
power become new Chief Minister (adviser)
Sultan
to the Sultan
Provincial Governors (Beys)
And Military elite -
The Janissaries
Local Administrators Grand Vizier
& Military Armenian Jews
Viziers
Landowners / Christians
Tax Collectors

6. The non-Muslim
communities (millets)
Controlled by the Sultan acting through
their religious leaders.
These communities were given their
own parts of towns in which to live and
worship.
They were given a great deal of
freedom to lead their lives according
to their faiths, and so were largely
supportive of their Muslim overlords.

7. One of the most distinctive features of Ottoman state was the slave system
Devshirme
• Young Christian boys living in
European provinces.
• Converted to Islam.
• Educated and trained by
Ottoman.
• Eventually put in service of
the state.
• The slaves received top
military and civilian posts.
• From mid-fifteen to mid-
seventeen century nearly all
Viziers were converted
Christian slaves.
Goal Creation of elite warriors loyal only to the Sultan.

8. The most popular representatives of
Devshirme system were:
The Janissaries were the most efficient military unit in
Europe in fifteen and sixteen century.
The Janissaries were the most disciplined corps in the
world in this time, they were well paid and equipped and
lived in barracks, always ready for the next war.
The Sipahi soldiers were of Turkish origin. They were in
the cavalry and tax collectors. They received land from
the Sultan

9. Fall of
Constantinople
The blockade lasted from 6
April, 1453 until 29 May,
1453. When the city was
conquered by Mehmet II,
“The Conqueror“, he
renamed city Istanbul and
made it the capital.

10. Mehmet II: 1444-1481- Called “The Conqueror”
• 80,000 soldiers laid siege to Constantinople
and conquered the Byzantine Capital in 1453.
• Renamed city Istanbul and made it the capital.
• The Topkapi Palace “Iron GatAlthough
• Mehmet converted many churches into mosques.
• He did not suppress the Christian and jewish faith.
• Mehmet was also influenced by the Islamic teachings
that Muslims should show respect to all religions.”

11. The Rule of Suleiman: (1520-1566)
Suleiman was named
'The Magnificent' by the Europeans,
but his own people called him 'The Lawgiver'.
Suleiman marble bas
relief. One of 23 reliefs of
great historical lawgivers
in the chamber of the U.S.
House of Representatives.

12. • Suleiman was widely
regarded as the religious
leader of Islam, as well
as the earthly ruler of
most Muslims.
• The wealth and stability
of the Empire at this time
attracted the top Muslim
thinkers of the period.
• Craftsmen, artists,
intellectuals and writers
were eager to move to
Istanbul.

13. Life with the Sultan
"Throne of my lonely niche, my wealth, my love, my moonlight.
My most sincere friend, my confidant, my very existence, my
Sultan, my one and only love.
The most beautiful among the beautiful...
My springtime, my merry faced love, my daytime, my sweetheart,
laughing leaf...
My plants, my sweet, my rose, the one only who does not distress
Suleiman was infatuated with Hürrem me in this world...
Sultan, a harem girl from Ruthenia, My Constantinople, my Caraman, the earth of my Anatolia
then part of Poland. She was to bear My Badakhshan, my Baghdad and Khorasan
5 of Suleiman fourteen children. My woman of the beautiful hair, my love of the slanted brow, my
Under his pen name, Muhibbi, love of eyes full of mischief...
Suleiman composed this poem for I'll sing your praises always
Roxelana I, lover of the tormented heart, Muhibbi of the eyes full of tears, I
am happy."

14. Hürrem’s influence over the Sultan soon became legendary
• The daughter of an Orthodox priest, she
was captured by Tatars from Crimea,
sold as a slave in Constantinople,
become Suleiman's favourite.
• Breaking with two centuries of Ottoman
tradition,[a former concubine had thus
become the legal wife of the Sultan
• He also allowed Hürrem Sultan to
remain with him at court for the rest of
her life, breaking another tradition—that
when imperial heirs came of age, they
would be sent along with the imperial
concubine who bore them to govern
remote provinces of the Empire, never to
return unless their progeny succeeded to
the throne
• She dies before seeing her son on the
thorn

15. Todays countrys that where
part off ottman empaire
Turkey
Egypt
Greece
Bulgaria
Romania
Macedonia
Hungary
Palestine
Jordan
Lebanon
Syria
Parts of Arabia
Much of the coastal strip of North Africa

16. A little history of the Croissant
In the night of August 26, 1683 the baker, who began his
work early morning heard noises coming from the ground.
alerted the city army and soon they discovered that
ottoman soldiers were digging tunnels under the city walls
and placing explosives within their tunnels. Once the city
was alerted there plan had failed and the ottomans fled.
In honour of this rescue, the bakers of Viennese decided to
make a bread in the shape of the emblem of the Muslim
ottoman flag (the crescent). On this time the croissant was
made from a rich bread dough.

17. Innovations
Educated men held the highest rank.
Important advancements made in science,
architecture & literature.
The Ottomans managed to build a very large
collection of libraries translate and make
available to Ottoman educational institutions
the geography book of Ptolemy.
• One of the oldest sources on the history
and philosophy of Christianity was also
developed for the palace school

18. Astronomy
Working in the Galata Observatory
founded near Istanbul in the late
16th century by the Turkish
astronomer Takyuddin, astronomers
had access to the best reference
works and technology of the era.

19. The Great Ottoman Inventor
• Takyuddin is one of the greatest inventors of
the Ottoman Empire.
• One of his greatest achievements was the
invention of the early practical steam turbine
engine.
• His book on this subject later lead to the
discovery of more powerful steam engines in
the 17th century.
• His early steam turbines lead to the invention of
today’s modern steam turbine.

21. Architecture
This great mosque is named as Suleymaniye Mosque after its founder Sultan
Suleiman. The construction started in 1550 and was completed in 1557. The
mosque is modeled in the style of Hagia Sophia. Unfortunately this great
Mosque was ravaged by a fire in 1660.
This mosque is in fact a complex that comprises of a public kitchen, a theological
school, a hospital, a Quran school, and a Turkish bath house called hamam.

22. Mimar Sinan (c. 1490 - 1588)
Chief architect and civil engineer
for three Ottoman Sultans

23. Istanbul became because of its position at the junction of Europe, Africa, and Asia, one of the great trade
centres of the world. Another important city was Bursa, which was a centre of the silk trade.
Among the goods traded were:
 Coffee
 Silk and other cloth
 Musk
 Carpets
 Porcelain from China
 Spices such as pepper
 Dye stuffs such as indigo
 Precious stones and gems

24. The economic strength of the Empire also owed much to Mehmet's policy of increasing the number of traders
and artisans in the Empire.
He also encouraged Jewish traders from
He first encouraged merchants to move to Istanbul, and
Europe to migrate to Istanbul and set up in
later forcibly resettled merchants from captured
business there. Later rulers continued these
territories such as Caffa.
policies.

26. Influence of Ottoman Empire on West
 Since the Ottoman Empire was in control of most
of the trade routes, the West had to find new
routes to reach the far east.
 The West was able to discover new worlds
through the explorations.
 The Ottomans translation of ancient Greek and
other civilizations was later used by the West.
 Ottoman Empire influenced the West’s thinking
of tolerance to religion and races.
 Ottoman Empire introduce luxury items to the
West such as fine carpets, spice, coffee and
jewelry.

27. Coffee
Coffee was introduced in France in
1660 by some merchants from Marseille
who had acquired the habit of drinking
it in the Middle East, where they traded
it. It reached Paris in 1669 when the
Turkish ambassador began holding
lavish coffee parties for the French
nobility. The Café Procope, Paris' first
genuine coffeehouse, opened in 1689.
(You can still drink coffee there today,
as Voltaire and Benjamin Franklin did in originating in Ethiopia and Yemen, coffee had become a popular drink in Ottoman 
Turkey and parts of Europe by the second half of the 17th century, In the mid-18th
their day) century, it began to emerge as an important cash crop throughout the New World
regions where growers found the Arabica bean thrived, especially in the highlands of
Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala and Mexico

28. The Ottoman Empire was
not really the barbarian
despotism that is often
depicted in the West.
However, Ottoman
society remained
isolated and more or
less frozen in time. What
was innovative in 1300
was reactionary and
dangerously inefficient
by 1700.

29. Bibliography
“The Suleimaniye Mosque” travil tips Web. 22 an. 2013.
 "The Ottoman Empire." BBC News. BBC, n.d. Web. 22 an. 2013. http://www.articlesbase.com/travel-tips-articles/take-flights-to-istanbul-and-
http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/history/ottomane visit-ottoman-imperial-sleymaniye-mosque-
mpire_1.shtml 2822339.html?utm_source=google&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=ab_paid_1
2&gclid=CPjNhJHm-LQCFcKPPAod2gMA-A
 "Epic World History." : Ottoman Empire. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Jan.
2013.
 http://epicworldhistory.blogspot.ca/2012/05/ottoman-
empire.html
 The History of the Croissant | eHow.com
http://www.ehow.com/facts_7328369_historycroissant.html#ixzz
2IOR0xhag
 "Arthur Rimbaud Coffee Trader." Aramco World. N.p., Oct.
2001. Web.
http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/200105/arthur.rimbau
d.coffee.trader.htm
 pictrs off army
 http://www.flickr.com/photos/cool-art/4483351823/
 https://www.facebook.com/ottomanpictures