Osteonecrosis ug
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This document discusses osteonecrosis (avascular necrosis), specifically of the hip, and Perthes' disease. It covers anatomy, causes, pathogenesis, pathology, imaging, staging, and various management approaches. For osteonecrosis of the hip, management may include core decompression, unloading osteotomy, or arthroplasty. For Perthes' disease, which causes avascular necrosis of the femoral head, treatment depends on the stage, age, and bone age of the patient and may include symptomatic treatment, abduction bracing, or operative containment such as osteotomies. The goal of treatment is to contain the femoral head within the acetabulum to allow healing.
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AVASCULAR NECROSIS OF HIP (AVN HIP)
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This document provides information on slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE), including:
- SCFE involves slippage of the femoral epiphysis posteriorly and inferiorly due to weakness of the growth plate.
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This document discusses cubitus varus, which is a deformity where the forearm is deviated inward at the elbow joint, reducing the normal valgus angle. It describes the causes, types, clinical examination findings, measurements on x-rays, and treatment options. The most common treatment involves corrective osteotomy, with various techniques described such as lateral closing wedge osteotomy, medial open wedge osteotomy, oblique osteotomy, and dome osteotomy. Complications of osteotomy include stiffness, nerve injury, persistent or recurrent deformity, non-union, and skin issues.
Avascular Necrosis of the Hip
Avascular necrosis (AVN) or Aseptic Necrosis of the hip is caused by a disruption to the hip’s blood supply which results in the deterioration and often collapse of the ball of the thigh bone (femoral head). Early identification and treatment of the condition increases the likelihood that a patient’s hip will recover. Surgery may be required in severe cases to repair or revascularize (restore circulation) the hip or to replace the hip in neglected/end stage cases.
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Avascular necrosis of hip
This document discusses avascular necrosis (AVN), including:
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- Management involves early diagnosis via imaging like MRI and treatment based on staging, with options ranging from observation to core decompression and bone grafting for pre-collapse cases or osteotomy for some post-collapse cases
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This presentation talks about the various types of pathological fractures that can occur and the fixation methods for different regions
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Spina ventosa is a form of tuberculous dactylitis that affects the short tubular bones of the hands and feet in children. It occurs secondary to tuberculosis infection and presents as swelling and tenderness of the affected bone. Investigations may show leukocytosis and elevated inflammatory markers. Chest x-rays and bone x-rays can identify periosteal reaction, lytic lesions, or sclerosis. Biopsy is needed to confirm the diagnosis. A case report described a 13-year-old girl with left index finger pain, weight loss, and loss of appetite who was found to have spina ventosa on biopsy along with a tuberculoma seen on brain MRI. She was started on antitub
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- SCFE involves slippage of the femoral epiphysis posteriorly and inferiorly due to weakness of the growth plate.
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Avascular Necrosis of the Hip
Avascular necrosis (AVN) or Aseptic Necrosis of the hip is caused by a disruption to the hip’s blood supply which results in the deterioration and often collapse of the ball of the thigh bone (femoral head). Early identification and treatment of the condition increases the likelihood that a patient’s hip will recover. Surgery may be required in severe cases to repair or revascularize (restore circulation) the hip or to replace the hip in neglected/end stage cases.
http://www.davidsfeldmanmd.com/specialties/avascular-necrosis-hip
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This document discusses avascular necrosis (AVN), including:
- Causes of AVN such as corticosteroid use, alcohol abuse, and trauma
- Management involves early diagnosis via imaging like MRI and treatment based on staging, with options ranging from observation to core decompression and bone grafting for pre-collapse cases or osteotomy for some post-collapse cases
- Surgical techniques are described for core decompression with or without bone grafting to improve blood flow and support the femoral head, as well as various osteotomies to redistribute weight bearing for some collapsed cases
- Case studies demonstrate outcomes of these treatments in preserving femoral heads or delaying total hip replacement
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This document provides information about Perthes' disease, including:
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- Risk factors include being male and between ages 5-10 years old.
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- Differential diagnosis depends on whether the condition is unilateral or bilateral.
- Treatment aims to prevent deformity through nonsurgical or surgical methods depending on the severity.
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The document provides information on neoplasia and the differences between benign and malignant tumors. It discusses the classification, clinical presentation, investigations, and radiographic evaluation of bone tumors. Some key points include:
- Benign tumors are usually encapsulated, compress surrounding tissue, and have low growth rates, while malignant tumors are poorly circumscribed, invade tissue, and have rapid growth rates.
- Bone tumors are classified based on the WHO system, site of origin, and Enneking's staging which considers grade, tumor size, and metastasis.
- Common presentations are pain, localized swelling, and laboratory findings such as elevated alkaline phosphatase. Imaging like x-rays help identify tumor location, borders, bone destruction
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This document discusses avascular necrosis (AVN) of the bone, also known as osteonecrosis. It begins by explaining that AVN results from interrupted blood supply to the bone, which can lead to bone and cell death. The most common sites of AVN are the femoral head, scaphoid, and talus. Non-surgical treatments include limited weight bearing, while surgical options include core decompression, bone grafting, and osteotomies to preserve the joint. More advanced cases may require joint replacement like hip resurfacing or total hip arthroplasty. Risk factors include corticosteroid use, alcoholism, trauma, and various medical conditions.
Tuberculosis of hip
Tuberculosis of the hip is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. It typically affects people aged 20-30 years old. The infection spreads hematogenously from a primary focus and causes destruction of bone and joints over several years. Clinical features include limping, decreased range of motion, and deformities in advanced cases. Imaging shows osteopenia, joint space narrowing, and bone erosion. Treatment involves chemotherapy for at least 6-9 months along with local measures like joint aspiration and traction. Surgery may be needed for debridement, arthrodesis, or arthroplasty in advanced cases.
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This document discusses the anatomy, classification, causes, investigation, and treatment of non-union of femoral neck fractures. It begins with an introduction describing the anatomy of the femoral neck blood supply. It then describes Sandhu's classification system for neglected femoral neck fractures into 3 stages based on radiological findings. Common causes of non-union are discussed. Investigation methods like x-rays, CT, MRI, and bone scans are outlined. Treatment options aim to either preserve the femoral head through procedures like valgus osteotomy and bone grafting, or sacrifice the head through arthroplasty. Head preserving procedures like valgus osteotomy, muscle pedicle bone grafting, and cortical/cancellous grafting are detailed.
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Description of tuberculosis hip from the book of sir Tuli. All about the pathology and stages of TB hip.
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This document discusses femoro-acetabular impingement (FAI), which occurs when there is reduced range of motion of the hip due to uneven surfaces of the femoral head or acetabulum. It can be caused by congenital or acquired factors. FAI is classified into cam, pincer, and mixed types. Cam FAI involves a bump on the femoral head-neck junction, while pincer FAI is due to overcoverage of the acetabulum. Clinical features include groin pain exacerbated by activity. Imaging can identify bone abnormalities, and treatments range from activity modification to surgical procedures like arthroscopy or osteotomy.
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The document lists 10 common sites of avulsion fractures caused by the tearing away of tendons or ligaments from bone. It identifies the specific muscles or tendons that can cause avulsion fractures at the iliac crest, ischial tuberosity, greater trochanter, lesser trochanter, posterior calcaneus, olecranon process, superior patella, inferior patella, and tibial tuberosity.
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This document provides information on Charcot foot, including:
- A history of Charcot foot first being described in the 1700s and studied in more detail in the 1800s.
- Charcot foot is defined as a non-infective, destructive condition affecting bones and joints caused by neuropathy leading to fractures and joint destruction.
- Risk factors include diabetes, alcoholism, leprosy and other neurological conditions.
- It presents clinically with foot swelling, warmth, pain and loss of function and can be classified into stages based on radiographic findings.
- Management involves offloading with casting or bracing, surgery for deformities, and sometimes amputation for severe cases.
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This document discusses the pathogenesis and treatment of cavus foot deformity. It notes that cavus deformity can be caused by weakness of the intrinsics, overactivity of the intrinsics, or weakness of the tibialis anterior muscle. Treatment options range from conservative measures like metatarsal bars for mild deformities to various surgical procedures depending on the severity and rigidity of the deformity, including plantar fasciotomies, osteotomies, tendon transfers, and fusions. Radiographs are important for surgical planning to assess the apex of deformity and involvement of the hindfoot, midfoot, and forefoot.
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legg calve Perthes disease
Legg Calve Perthes disease is avascular necrosis of the femoral head in children, most commonly affecting boys ages 4-8. It has an unknown cause but may be associated with conditions like ADHD. Presentation includes a limp or hip/thigh pain. X-rays show changes in the femoral head over time. Treatment depends on age and classification, ranging from observation to osteotomies, with the goal of containing the femoral head to prevent deformity and future arthritis. Prognosis is worse with older age at onset and decreased hip range of motion. Complications can include femoral head deformity, collapse, and leg length discrepancy.
Osteoarthritis
This document provides an overview of osteoarthritis (OA), including its definition, risk factors, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment options, and management goals. OA results from cartilage failure induced by genetic and biomechanical factors. It is diagnosed based on symptoms like pain and stiffness, along with physical exam findings and radiographic evidence. Treatment includes non-pharmacological options like exercise, braces, and weight loss as well as pharmacological options like acetaminophen, NSAIDs, and corticosteroid injections. Surgical options like joint replacement are considered if conservative treatments fail to control pain and functional limitations. The overall goals of treatment are to reduce pain and disability, improve quality of life, and prevent disease progression.
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Congenital vertical talus BY DR.NAVEEN RATHOR
This document discusses congenital vertical talus (CVT), a rare foot deformity. It begins by defining CVT and providing background information. It then describes the anatomy and pathoanatomy of CVT. Key points include that CVT results in an almost vertical talus bone and rigid flatfoot deformity. Treatment involves serial casting and manipulation to prepare for surgery, with the goal of restoring normal anatomical relationships in the foot. Surgical techniques described include open reduction and percutaneous fixation of the talonavicular joint with K-wires. Complications of surgery can include wound issues and stiffness.
Perthes ’ disease
This document provides information about Perthes' disease, including:
- It is characterized by avascular necrosis of the femoral head in children.
- Risk factors include being male and between ages 5-10 years old.
- Imaging studies like x-rays are used to diagnose and monitor the stages of avascular necrosis, fragmentation, ossification, and remodeling.
- Differential diagnosis depends on whether the condition is unilateral or bilateral.
- Treatment aims to prevent deformity through nonsurgical or surgical methods depending on the severity.
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Chronic osteomyelitis is a persistent bone infection that can develop from acute osteomyelitis if the infection is not properly treated. It is characterized by the formation of dead bone (sequestra) surrounded by infected tissue. Treatment requires extensive surgical debridement to remove all infected and dead bone, followed by long-term antibiotics and procedures to fill dead space and promote healing. Complications can include continued infection, bone deformities, fractures and joint stiffness if not adequately addressed.
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Principle of tension band wiring n its application
1. The tension band technique converts tensile forces into compressive forces through the application of a tension band on the tension side of a bone.
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3. Tension band wiring, plating, and external fixation can all function as tension bands by applying a compressive force across a fracture to promote healing.
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Blood supply of femoral head at various ages
The document discusses the vascular supply to the femoral head from birth through adolescence. It notes that in early childhood, the main blood supply is from the lateral epiphyseal arteries and metaphyseal branches. From ages 4-7, the only source is the lateral epiphyseal arteries due to ossification. In adolescence, the ligamentum teres vessels and extracapsular arterial ring also contribute. The document then discusses Perthes disease, noting it results from loss of blood supply to the femoral head, commonly affects males ages 3-10, and progresses through stages including avascular necrosis, fragmentation, and eventual healing.
Tb hip
Tuberculosis of the hip joint is the second most common site of bone and joint TB after the spine. It typically affects people in their first three decades of life. The infection spreads from a primary focus such as the lungs to the hip joint via the bloodstream. It can initially involve different areas of the hip and pelvis before spreading to the joint. Patients present with hip pain, limping, and constitutional symptoms. Treatment involves anti-TB drugs along with rest, traction, and surgery if needed to address complications like joint destruction and deformity. Surgical options depend on the stage of disease and can include synovectomy, arthrodesis, osteotomy, or arthroplasty.
Cubitus varus deformity
Cubitus varus, or gunstock deformity, is caused by malunion of supracondylar fractures and results in the forearm being deviated inward at the elbow with loss of the carrying angle. It is a triplanar deformity involving varus, hyperextension, and internal rotation. Treatment options include observation for young children, hemiepiphysiodesis to alter growth, and corrective osteotomy. The lateral closing wedge osteotomy is commonly used to safely correct the varus deformity through removal of a lateral wedge. Other techniques include medial opening wedge, oblique, dome, and step-cut osteotomies. Postoperative management focuses on immobilizing the arm in extension
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- Benign tumors are usually encapsulated, compress surrounding tissue, and have low growth rates, while malignant tumors are poorly circumscribed, invade tissue, and have rapid growth rates.
- Bone tumors are classified based on the WHO system, site of origin, and Enneking's staging which considers grade, tumor size, and metastasis.
- Common presentations are pain, localized swelling, and laboratory findings such as elevated alkaline phosphatase. Imaging like x-rays help identify tumor location, borders, bone destruction
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This document discusses avascular necrosis (AVN) of the bone, also known as osteonecrosis. It begins by explaining that AVN results from interrupted blood supply to the bone, which can lead to bone and cell death. The most common sites of AVN are the femoral head, scaphoid, and talus. Non-surgical treatments include limited weight bearing, while surgical options include core decompression, bone grafting, and osteotomies to preserve the joint. More advanced cases may require joint replacement like hip resurfacing or total hip arthroplasty. Risk factors include corticosteroid use, alcoholism, trauma, and various medical conditions.
Tuberculosis of hip
Tuberculosis of the hip is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. It typically affects people aged 20-30 years old. The infection spreads hematogenously from a primary focus and causes destruction of bone and joints over several years. Clinical features include limping, decreased range of motion, and deformities in advanced cases. Imaging shows osteopenia, joint space narrowing, and bone erosion. Treatment involves chemotherapy for at least 6-9 months along with local measures like joint aspiration and traction. Surgery may be needed for debridement, arthrodesis, or arthroplasty in advanced cases.
Non union neck of femur
This document discusses the anatomy, classification, causes, investigation, and treatment of non-union of femoral neck fractures. It begins with an introduction describing the anatomy of the femoral neck blood supply. It then describes Sandhu's classification system for neglected femoral neck fractures into 3 stages based on radiological findings. Common causes of non-union are discussed. Investigation methods like x-rays, CT, MRI, and bone scans are outlined. Treatment options aim to either preserve the femoral head through procedures like valgus osteotomy and bone grafting, or sacrifice the head through arthroplasty. Head preserving procedures like valgus osteotomy, muscle pedicle bone grafting, and cortical/cancellous grafting are detailed.
Tuberculosis of Hip Joint
Description of tuberculosis hip from the book of sir Tuli. All about the pathology and stages of TB hip.
Femoro-acetabular impingement syndrome
This document discusses femoro-acetabular impingement (FAI), which occurs when there is reduced range of motion of the hip due to uneven surfaces of the femoral head or acetabulum. It can be caused by congenital or acquired factors. FAI is classified into cam, pincer, and mixed types. Cam FAI involves a bump on the femoral head-neck junction, while pincer FAI is due to overcoverage of the acetabulum. Clinical features include groin pain exacerbated by activity. Imaging can identify bone abnormalities, and treatments range from activity modification to surgical procedures like arthroscopy or osteotomy.
Avulsion fractures
The document lists 10 common sites of avulsion fractures caused by the tearing away of tendons or ligaments from bone. It identifies the specific muscles or tendons that can cause avulsion fractures at the iliac crest, ischial tuberosity, greater trochanter, lesser trochanter, posterior calcaneus, olecranon process, superior patella, inferior patella, and tibial tuberosity.
Charcot foot
This document provides information on Charcot foot, including:
- A history of Charcot foot first being described in the 1700s and studied in more detail in the 1800s.
- Charcot foot is defined as a non-infective, destructive condition affecting bones and joints caused by neuropathy leading to fractures and joint destruction.
- Risk factors include diabetes, alcoholism, leprosy and other neurological conditions.
- It presents clinically with foot swelling, warmth, pain and loss of function and can be classified into stages based on radiographic findings.
- Management involves offloading with casting or bracing, surgery for deformities, and sometimes amputation for severe cases.
Cavus foot
This document discusses the pathogenesis and treatment of cavus foot deformity. It notes that cavus deformity can be caused by weakness of the intrinsics, overactivity of the intrinsics, or weakness of the tibialis anterior muscle. Treatment options range from conservative measures like metatarsal bars for mild deformities to various surgical procedures depending on the severity and rigidity of the deformity, including plantar fasciotomies, osteotomies, tendon transfers, and fusions. Radiographs are important for surgical planning to assess the apex of deformity and involvement of the hindfoot, midfoot, and forefoot.
Hemiarthroplasty of Hip joint
Hemiarthroplasty involves replacing the femoral head while retaining the natural acetabulum. It is commonly used to treat fractures of the femoral neck in elderly patients. There are two main types - unipolar, which replaces just the head, and bipolar, which adds an inner bearing. Selection depends on factors like bone quality and joint stability. Cemented stems are generally preferred in patients with poor bone stock, while uncemented can be used if bone is adequate. Positioning and fixation are important to optimize function and stability.
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Principle of tension band wiring n its application
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legg calve Perthes disease
Legg Calve Perthes disease is avascular necrosis of the femoral head in children, most commonly affecting boys ages 4-8. It has an unknown cause but may be associated with conditions like ADHD. Presentation includes a limp or hip/thigh pain. X-rays show changes in the femoral head over time. Treatment depends on age and classification, ranging from observation to osteotomies, with the goal of containing the femoral head to prevent deformity and future arthritis. Prognosis is worse with older age at onset and decreased hip range of motion. Complications can include femoral head deformity, collapse, and leg length discrepancy.
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Osteonecrosis
Osteonecrosis is a condition caused by loss of blood supply to the bone, which can lead to bone tissue death and joint collapse. It is often caused by long term steroid use or heavy alcohol use. Symptoms may include joint pain that worsens with weight bearing. Diagnosis involves x-rays, MRI, or biopsy. Treatment options range from medications and reduced activity to core decompression surgery or joint replacement depending on severity. Preventing osteonecrosis involves limiting steroid use, alcohol, and smoking.
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This document discusses avascular necrosis of the femoral head, also known as osteonecrosis. It begins by providing a brief history and definitions. It then discusses the blood supply of the femoral head and covers traumatic vs. non-traumatic causes. Risk factors for atraumatic osteonecrosis like corticosteroids, alcohol abuse, smoking, and others are outlined. The pathophysiology section explores theories of arterial occlusion, fat emboli, and increased bone marrow pressure as causes. Signs and symptoms, diagnostic imaging methods, staging classifications, and non-operative and operative treatment options are summarized.
Avascular necrosis
Osteonecrosis, also known as avascular necrosis, occurs when bone loses its blood supply and dies. It most commonly affects the femoral head. Early symptoms are often absent. As collapse occurs, pain and loss of function increase. Risk factors include alcoholism, corticosteroid use, trauma, and idiopathic causes. MRI is the most sensitive imaging test, showing changes in signal intensity and double line signs. Staging systems evaluate extent of involvement and prognosis. Treatment depends on stage, with core decompression or hip replacement for late stages with collapse.
Sponk ppt
Spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee (SPONK) was first described in 1968, and most commonly affects the medial femoral condyle in older women through impaired blood supply. SPONK presents with sudden onset knee pain similar to a meniscal tear. Diagnosis is made through x-rays showing bone changes or MRI showing bone edema and articular surface involvement. Treatment options include conservative management with medications and weight reduction or surgical interventions like core decompression, bone grafting, or knee replacement for advanced arthritis. Early detection of SPONK is important as it can be cured without needing knee replacement.
Nitin perthes
This document provides information on Legg Calve Perthes disease, including:
- A brief history of its discovery and description by Legg, Calve, and Perthes.
- Its definition as osteonecrosis of the femoral epiphysis in children caused by non-genetic factors.
- Presentation, diagnosis using imaging like x-rays and MRI, and classifications of severity.
- Management involves containment of the femoral head through bracing, casting, or surgery depending on the stage and prognosis. The goal is to prevent secondary arthritis by achieving a spherical femoral head.
Perthes disease
Legg-Calve-Perthes disease is a childhood condition caused by avascular necrosis of the femoral head. It leads to deformity of the femoral head and premature osteoarthritis. The exact cause is unknown but it is likely multifactorial, involving both genetic and environmental factors. Treatment depends on the age of the patient, extent of involvement, disease stage, and presence of head deformity. Younger patients often do well with non-operative treatment focusing on range of motion exercises, while older patients or those with more severe deformity may require surgical containment procedures like osteotomies to reshape the femoral head and acetabulum.
Osteonecrosis of the femoral head
This document discusses osteonecrosis of the femoral head, including risk factors, pathogenesis theories, classifications, diagnosis, and treatment options. Key points:
- Risk factors include corticosteroid use, smoking, sickle cell anemia and others. Theories on causes include toxicity, vascular issues, but the process is likely multifactorial.
- Diagnosis involves radiographs, bone scans and MRI, which can detect early-stage disease.
- Treatment depends on disease stage and size. Options include core decompression, bone grafting, osteotomies and arthroplasty. Younger patients with smaller lesions may be candidates for bone-preserving options, while larger lesions often require joint replacement.
Ao artìculo
This document presents a classification system for spinal fractures developed by AOSpine. It includes:
- Classification of cervical spine fracture types A-C, including compression (A), distraction (B), and translation (C) injuries. It also covers facet injuries and neurological status.
- Descriptions and illustrations of each fracture type (A1-A4, B1-B3, etc.) along with case examples.
- The goal is to develop a standardized system that can be used for research and guide treatment of spinal fractures. The system is being scientifically validated before potential adoption as the official AOSpine classification.
Spontaneous OsteoNecrosis of Knee (SONK)
1) Spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee (SONK), also known as Ahlback's disease, is a condition where there is necrosis and destruction of bone in the medial femoral condyle of the knee due to reduced blood supply.
2) It most commonly affects elderly women over age 55 and can be caused by corticosteroid use, lupus, alcoholism or other conditions.
3) MRI is the best imaging method to diagnose SONK, showing a discrete area of low signal intensity in the bone replaced by edema. Early stages are treated non-surgically but later stages may require surgical interventions like osteotomy, core decompression or knee replacement.
perthes disease
Legg - Calve - Perthes disease is a self-limiting disorder of the hip caused by reduced blood flow and necrosis of the femoral head. It most commonly affects boys ages 4-8 and is characterized by pain and limping. While the exact cause is unknown, factors such as blood clotting disorders, abnormal arterial or venous blood flow, growth delays, trauma, genetics, and environmental influences may play a role in reducing blood supply to the femoral head. Treatment aims to allow the femoral head to remodel itself through non-weight bearing or minimal weight bearing methods.
Biological options in avn
This document discusses biological treatment options for avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head. It provides details on the anatomy and blood supply of the femoral head. AVN occurs when there is interruption of blood flow to the femoral head, leading to bone cell death. Imaging plays an important role in diagnosis and staging of AVN. Conservative options include restricted weight bearing, medications, and physical therapies. Surgical options become necessary with more advanced stages to prevent femoral head collapse. The document covers various classification and staging systems used to determine the appropriate treatment based on the individual case.
Ramesh Sen AVN
This document summarizes experiments on avascular necrosis of the femoral head. It discusses diagnostic experiments including MRI diagnosis and isotope scanning. It also discusses non-surgical interventions such as restricted weight bearing, pharmacological agents, hyperoxygenation, bisphosphonates, and core decompression with adjunct therapies. Surgical interventions discussed include core decompression, core decompression with bone morphogenetic protein and autologous bone marrow, and total hip replacement for advanced cases.
Diagnostic Imaging of Osteonecrosis & Osteochondrosis
This document discusses osteonecrosis and osteochondrosis. It defines osteonecrosis as bone death due to interruption of blood supply and describes its common causes and radiographic features including MRI appearance. Specific types discussed include Kienbock's disease, Preiser's disease, and Legg-Calve-Perthes disease. Osteochondrosis is defined as abnormal bone and cartilage development, with subtypes including Scheuermann's disease, Osgood-Schlatter disease, and Blount's disease caused by repetitive stress without necrosis, as well as osteonecrosis conditions. Radiographic features of each condition are provided.
Avascular necrosis Radiology
Avascular necrosis is the death of bone tissue due to a lack of blood supply. It most commonly affects the femoral head. Early symptoms include dull, progressive pain in the hip or thigh that worsens with activity or at night. Imaging plays an important role in diagnosis, with plain X-rays initially appearing normal but later showing signs of bone collapse like the crescent sign. MRI is the most sensitive technique and can detect avascular necrosis as early as 48 hours. Staging systems evaluate the extent of bone involvement and deterioration of the joint space to classify the severity of avascular necrosis. Treatment options depend on the stage of the disease.
Legg calve perthes disease
This document discusses Legg-Calve-Perthes disease, a childhood condition characterized by avascular necrosis of the femoral head. It begins by describing the disease's pathogenesis, including that the cardinal cause is ischemia of the femoral head due to blocked blood flow in children aged 4-7 years. The document then outlines the stages of the disease from initial infarction to healing or remodeling. Clinical features, radiological findings, and classification systems are presented. Treatment aims to contain the femoral head within the acetabulum and may involve bracing, osteotomies or reconstructive surgeries depending on the child's age and stage of disease.
David: Femoral Neck Fracture with Avascular Necrosis of the Hip Case Study
David is an avid hiker who fell and fractured his femoral neck during a hike. He underwent a successful surgery which fixed his femoral neck but later developed avascular necrosis of the hip. I ultimately recommended a multi-faceted course of treatment that included bisphosphonates, core decompression, BMP/Calcium phosphate, and arthrodiastasis. This course of treatment has successfully resolved his avascular necrosis of the hip and prevented the collapse of his femoral head.
http://www.davidsfeldmanmd.com/patient-education/case-studies/david-femoral-neck-fracture-w-avascular-necrosis-hip
Avascular necrosis and Osteochondritis
Avascular necrosis and osteochondritis explained with radiological features in easy language and lots and lots of images.
Presentation1.pptx, radiological imaging of keinbok,s disease
This document discusses Kienböck's disease, which is avascular necrosis of the lunate bone in the wrist. It describes the epidemiology, pathology, imaging approach, radiographic features, and stages of the disease. Stage I involves clinical symptoms but normal radiographic findings, while later stages show increasing collapse and deformity of the lunate bone on imaging. MRI is often the best test for evaluation as it can detect early changes and assess bone marrow edema, necrosis, and response to treatment. Contrast enhancement helps evaluate vascularity and guide management.
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Diagnostic Imaging of Osteonecrosis & Osteochondrosis
Diagnostic Imaging of Osteonecrosis & Osteochondrosis
David: Femoral Neck Fracture with Avascular Necrosis of the Hip Case Study
David: Femoral Neck Fracture with Avascular Necrosis of the Hip Case Study
Presentation1.pptx, radiological imaging of keinbok,s disease
Presentation1.pptx, radiological imaging of keinbok,s disease
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This document discusses avascular necrosis of the femoral head, also known as osteonecrosis or hip osteonecrosis. It causes reduced blood flow to the femoral head due to risk factors like trauma, steroid use, sickle cell disease, and alcoholism. Patients experience hip pain that worsens with activity. Diagnosis is made through imaging like x-rays, MRI, and bone scans. Treatment depends on the stage of disease and may include core decompression, osteotomy, bone grafting, hip replacement, or fusion. Prognosis depends on the size of the necrotic area, with smaller areas having a lower risk of collapse.
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This document discusses Perthes disease, also known as idiopathic avascular necrosis of the femoral head. It presents in children between 5-8 years old with pain or limping, often unilaterally but sometimes bilaterally. There are four stages of the disease: devascularization, collapse and fragmentation, re-ossification, and remodeling. Early radiographic signs include a radiolucent subchondral fissure (crescent sign). As the disease progresses, the femoral head loses height and fragments with sclerosis. This can lead to a coxa magna deformity with lateral uncovering of the femoral head. MRI, ultrasound, and skeletal scintigraphy can aid in diagnosis, though
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2) It categorizes back pain into 3 groups: nonspecific low back pain, back pain associated with radiculopathy, and back pain associated with a specific cause needing prompt evaluation.
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Osteonecrosis ug
- 1. Osteonecrosis Avascular Necrosis of Hip & Perthe’s Disease
- 2. Anatomy
- 4. Causes
- 5. Pathogenesis
- 6. Pathology
- 7. Imaging
- 8. Sites..
- 9. Staging
- 10. Management
- 14. AVN Hip
- 18. Clinical Features • Pain • Movement restriction – Abduction – Internal Rotation
- 19. X-Ray
- 20. Post Traumatic
- 21. MRI
- 22. Osteo Arthritis
- 23. STAGING
- 26. Arthroplasty
- 27. PERTHES’ DISEASE • Perthes’ disease – or rather Legg– Calvé–Perthes disease. • 1910-the condition was described independently by three different people • is a painful disorder of childhood characterized by avascular necrosis of the femoral head
- 29. Clinical Features • Pain • Movement restriction – Abduction – Internal Rotation • Limp
- 31. Herring’s Lateral Pillar Classification
- 33. Head at Risk Signs
- 34. GUIDELINES TO TREATMENT • based on an assessment of – the stage of the disease, – the prognostic x-ray classifications, – the age of the patient – The clinical features, particularly range of abduction and extension.
- 35. Children under 6 years • No specific form of treatment has much influence on the outcome. • Symptomatic treatment, including activity modification, is appropriate.
- 36. Children aged 6–8 years • In this group the bone age is more important than the chronological age
- 37. Bone age at or below 6 years • Lateral pillar group A and B (or Catterall stage I and II) – symptomatic treatment. • Lateral pillar group C (or Catterall stage III and IV) – abduction brace.
- 38. Bone age over 6 years • Lateral pillar group A and B (Catterall stage I and II) – abduction brace or osteotomy. • Lateral pillar group C (Catterall stage III and IV) –outcome probably unaffected by treatment, but some would operate.
- 39. Children 9 years and older • Except in very mild cases (which is rare), operative containment is the treatment of choice.
- 40. Aim of Treatment
- 42. Abduction Splint
- 46. Combined