The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Oral Manifestation of HIV. In detail history of the origin of HIV, the Virus pathology, Classification of HIV.
Systematic manifestation and Oral Manifestation of HIV.
The various tests available for HIV testing and Drug regimens for HIV, Immuno-compromised, pregnant and PCP'S
Oral hiv/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academyIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Viral diseases 1/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academyIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This presentation is helpful for the dental student interested in dealing with the infectious disease AIDS.
The material also includes evidence based article on the relation of the HIV stage on periodontal status.
Oral Manifestation of HIV. In detail history of the origin of HIV, the Virus pathology, Classification of HIV.
Systematic manifestation and Oral Manifestation of HIV.
The various tests available for HIV testing and Drug regimens for HIV, Immuno-compromised, pregnant and PCP'S
Oral hiv/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academyIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Viral diseases 1/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academyIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This presentation is helpful for the dental student interested in dealing with the infectious disease AIDS.
The material also includes evidence based article on the relation of the HIV stage on periodontal status.
Introduction
History
Epidemiology AIDS
CDC definition and classification of AIDS
Virus structure
Mode of transmission
Life cycle of HIV
Clinical features-WHO classification
Classification of oral lesions associated with HIV
Periodontal manifestations of HIV
Periodontal management of HIV infected patients
Diagnostic tests
Sterilization and precautions to be taken
Conclusion
AIDS is a lethal viral infection caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and is characterized by severe depletion of T4 lymphocytes with associated opportunistic infections.
Oral and perioral lesions are common in patients infected with human immune deficiency virus (HIV), are often the presenting feature, and may predict deterioration in general health and a poor prognosis.
Due to multiple oral conditions and periodontal involvement, periodontists are in a unique position to recognize possible HIV infection in its early stage and to be involved in the oral care of these patients.
A Presentation Presented To orient about HIV, AIDS and STIs for Development of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice for Prevention of HIV and STIs for College Students.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The theme for the 2020 observance is “Ending the HIV/AIDS Epidemic: Resilience and Impact” (“Erradicar la epidemia del VIH/SIDA: Resiliencia e Impacto”). World AIDS Day was first observed in 1988.
HIV AIDS Lecture Presented by me in my Community Dentistry Class, BIBI ASIFA DENTAL COLLEGE, SHAHEED MOHTARMA BENAZIR BHUTTO MEDICAL UNIVERSITY LARKANA, SINDH, PAKISTAN.
This Is Investigatory Project On Aids For Class 12. With Full Description and Good images. If you like this follow me on instagram @vishal2782003. Thankyou
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) InfectionArwa M. Amin
Module: Pharmacology and Therapeutics III, (Therapeutics part)
Coordinator: Dr. Arwa M. Amin Mostafa
Academic Level: Undergraduate, B.Pharmacy
School: Dubai Pharmacy College
Year of first presented in Class: 2018
This Presentation is for Educational Purpose. It has no commercial value associated with it.
Evolution and Revolution: Current Issues in HIV and HCV Co-infection
Chapter 1 – HIV-Hepatitis C Virus Co-infection: An evolving epidemic
Chapter 2 - Management of HIV infection in HIV/HCV co-infected patients
Chapter 3 - Management of HCV in co-infected patients
Chapter 4 - HCV Therapy: Direct acting antiviral agents in co-infected individuals
Chapter 5 - Drug interactions with directly acting antivirals for HCV: Overview & challenges in HIV/HCV Co-infection
Chapter 6 - Complicated cases
Chapter 7 - Future trials of Hepatitis C therapy in the HIV co-infected
Chapter 8 - HCV infection in marginalized populations
Chapter 9 - HIV/HCV Co-infection: Through the eyes of a co-infected hemophiliac
Introduction
History
Epidemiology AIDS
CDC definition and classification of AIDS
Virus structure
Mode of transmission
Life cycle of HIV
Clinical features-WHO classification
Classification of oral lesions associated with HIV
Periodontal manifestations of HIV
Periodontal management of HIV infected patients
Diagnostic tests
Sterilization and precautions to be taken
Conclusion
AIDS is a lethal viral infection caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and is characterized by severe depletion of T4 lymphocytes with associated opportunistic infections.
Oral and perioral lesions are common in patients infected with human immune deficiency virus (HIV), are often the presenting feature, and may predict deterioration in general health and a poor prognosis.
Due to multiple oral conditions and periodontal involvement, periodontists are in a unique position to recognize possible HIV infection in its early stage and to be involved in the oral care of these patients.
A Presentation Presented To orient about HIV, AIDS and STIs for Development of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice for Prevention of HIV and STIs for College Students.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The theme for the 2020 observance is “Ending the HIV/AIDS Epidemic: Resilience and Impact” (“Erradicar la epidemia del VIH/SIDA: Resiliencia e Impacto”). World AIDS Day was first observed in 1988.
HIV AIDS Lecture Presented by me in my Community Dentistry Class, BIBI ASIFA DENTAL COLLEGE, SHAHEED MOHTARMA BENAZIR BHUTTO MEDICAL UNIVERSITY LARKANA, SINDH, PAKISTAN.
This Is Investigatory Project On Aids For Class 12. With Full Description and Good images. If you like this follow me on instagram @vishal2782003. Thankyou
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) InfectionArwa M. Amin
Module: Pharmacology and Therapeutics III, (Therapeutics part)
Coordinator: Dr. Arwa M. Amin Mostafa
Academic Level: Undergraduate, B.Pharmacy
School: Dubai Pharmacy College
Year of first presented in Class: 2018
This Presentation is for Educational Purpose. It has no commercial value associated with it.
Evolution and Revolution: Current Issues in HIV and HCV Co-infection
Chapter 1 – HIV-Hepatitis C Virus Co-infection: An evolving epidemic
Chapter 2 - Management of HIV infection in HIV/HCV co-infected patients
Chapter 3 - Management of HCV in co-infected patients
Chapter 4 - HCV Therapy: Direct acting antiviral agents in co-infected individuals
Chapter 5 - Drug interactions with directly acting antivirals for HCV: Overview & challenges in HIV/HCV Co-infection
Chapter 6 - Complicated cases
Chapter 7 - Future trials of Hepatitis C therapy in the HIV co-infected
Chapter 8 - HCV infection in marginalized populations
Chapter 9 - HIV/HCV Co-infection: Through the eyes of a co-infected hemophiliac
Short presentation about typical tumors in HIV patients: Kaposi sarcoma, NHL, cervical cancer. Symptoms of the cancer types. Risk factors; HPV, HHV-8 and EBV.
lecture submitted to healthcare workers ( physicians,dentists,nurses,lab.technicians) to explain the best methods to avoid transmission of hepatitis through health practices
Hepatitis And Hiv Co Infection Tonia Poteat 060508elfaye
A presentation by Tonia Poteat from the CDC Global AIDS Project on the topic of Hepatitis B & C and HIV Co-infection. This webcast was presented live to ECHO (Evaluation Center for HIV and Oral Health) grantees on June 5, 2008.
Современное лечение ВИЧ: лечение ВИЧ у пациентов с вирусными гепатитами.Conte...hivlifeinfo
Современное лечение ВИЧ: лечение ВИЧ у пациентов с вирусными гепатитами.Contemporary Management of HIV. Managing HIV in Viral Hepatitis Coinfection.2016
In this downloadable slideset, David L. Wyles, MD, and Program Director Eric S. Daar, MD, review key data and optimal approaches for ART management in patients with HIV and viral hepatitis coinfection.
Format: Microsoft PowerPoint (.ppt)
File size: 1.85 MB
Formative study on hiv workplace for health workers - copySEJOJO PHAAROE
Heterogeneity of the HIV epidemic in Lesotho
Formative Assessment: MOHSW
SECTORAL RESPONSE -MOHSW
ACTIONS TAKEN AND TOOLS AVAILABLE - TO DATE
DISSEMINATION- tools
ADVOCACY FOR BUY IN- - PPP
WELLNESS CHAMPIONS AND STRUCTURES
ADVOCACY-WELLNESS ACTIVITIES
M/E Tools
Cost benefit analysis
Learning and sharing
Action Research : Sejojo Phaaroe
3D MEDIA
Epidemiology of oral cancer, cancer registry in India,Global Initiatives,Tobacco,Tobacco cessation centre,WHO framework,National Tobacco Control Programme,Squamous cell carcinoma,Leukoplakia, Benign,Malignant,Epidemiology,World
Epidemiological Trends of Oral Diseases in IndiaHaritha RK
A brief look at the recent epidemiological trends of dental caries, periodontal disease, oral cancer and malocclusion in India as of available research in March 2021
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Opportunity for Dentists (BDS/MDS )to relocate to United kingdom -Register as a DENTAL HYGIENIST/ DENTAL THERAPIST without Board exams and after approval you can register in GDC as a DH/DT and start working as a DH/DT Immediately and get paid.
You can complete the whole process in 3-4 months.Salary range for DH/DT is around 2500-3500 Pounds per month.
Eligibility / requirements-
1. An International English Language Testing System (IELTS) certificate
at the appropriate level.(Within 2 yrs of application date )
2: A recent primary dental qualification that has been taught and examined in English..(Within 2 yrs of application date )
3: A recent pass in a language test for registration with a regulatory authority in a country where the first language is English.
If you are interested Please contact us for more details.
1ST, 2ND AND 3RD ORDER BENDS IN STANDARD EDGEWISE APPLIANCE SYSTEM /Fixed ort...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals
who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry,
Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
I –Aligners are made with FDA approved transparent thermoplastic materials using 3D scanning, 3D Printing and finally Trays with Pressure vacuum formers.
Dear Doctor,
Indian Dental Academy Now offers comprehensive online Orthodontics course.
Course includes:
1.whiteboard lecture presentations
2.Case Discussions
3.with hundreds of pictures.
4.Demo on Models
5.Demo on Patients
6. subtitles in your own language
12 months unlimited access and support @350 USD only.
For Demo please visit :www.idalectures.com/preview/
For more details visit: www.idalectures.com
Please contact us for any clarifications:
idalectures@gmail.com
indiandentalacademy@gmail.com
Thanks & Regards
Indian Dental Academy
--
Indian Dental Academy
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
skype:indiandentalacademy
+919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Cytotoxicity of silicone materials used in maxillofacial prosthesis / dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Diagnosis and treatment planning in completely endntulous arches/dental coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Properties of Denture base materials /rotary endodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Use of modified tooth forms in complete denture occlusion / dental implant...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
OROFACIAL MANIFESTATIONS AS INDICATORS OF HIV/AIDS AMONG DENTAL PATIENTS /prosthodontic courses
1. OROFACIAL MANIFESTATIONS
AS INDICATORS OF HIV/AIDS
AMONG DENTAL PATIENTS
– AN ANALYSIS
OF 5 CASES
INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
Leader in continuing Dental
Education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
2. PRESENTED BY
Dr. AARTHI .B
POSTGRADUATE STUDENT
DEPT. OF ORAL MEDICINE &
RADIOLOGY
MGPGI
PUDUCHERRY
GUIDE
Dr. M. JONATHAN DANIEL
PROFESSOR & HEAD
DEPT. OF ORAL MEDICINE &
RADIOLOGY
MGPGIwww.indiandentalacademy.com
5. A global view of HIV infection
www.indiandentalacademy.com
6. Total: 33 million (30 – 36 million)
Western &
Central Europe
730 000730 000
[580 000 – 1.0 million][580 000 – 1.0 million]
Middle East & North
Africa
380 000380 000
[280 000 – 510 000][280 000 – 510 000]
Sub-Saharan
Africa
22.0 million22.0 million
[20.5 – 23.6 million][20.5 – 23.6 million]
Eastern Europe
& Central Asia
1.5 million1.5 million
[1.1 – 1.9 million][1.1 – 1.9 million]
South & South-East
Asia
4.2 million4.2 million
[3.5 – 5.3 million][3.5 – 5.3 million]
Oceania
74 00074 000
[66 000 – 93 000][66 000 – 93 000]
North America
1.2 million1.2 million
[760 000 – 2.0 million][760 000 – 2.0 million]
Latin America
1.7 million1.7 million
[1.5 – 2.1 million][1.5 – 2.1 million]
East Asia
740 000740 000
[480 000 – 1.1 million][480 000 – 1.1 million]Caribbean
230 000230 000
[210 000 – 270 000][210 000 – 270 000]
Adults and children estimated to be living with HIV,
2007
www.indiandentalacademy.com
7. Estimated number of adults and children
newly infected with HIV in 2007
Western &
Central Europe
27 00027 000
[14 000 – 49 000][14 000 – 49 000]
Middle East & North
Africa
40 00040 000
[20 000 – 66 000][20 000 – 66 000]
Sub-Saharan
Africa
1.9 million1.9 million
[1.6 – 2.1 million][1.6 – 2.1 million]
Eastern Europe
& Central Asia
110 000110 000
[67 000 – 180 000][67 000 – 180 000]
South & South-East
Asia
330 000330 000
[150 000 – 590 000][150 000 – 590 000]
Oceania
13 00013 000
[12 000 – 15 000][12 000 – 15 000]
North America
54 00054 000
[9600 – 130 000][9600 – 130 000]
Latin America
140 000140 000
[88 000 – 190 000][88 000 – 190 000]
East Asia
52 00052 000
[29 000 – 84 000][29 000 – 84 000]Caribbean
20 00020 000
[16 000 – 25 000][16 000 – 25 000]
Total: 2.7 million (2.2 – 3.2 million)
www.indiandentalacademy.com
8. Estimated adult and child deaths from AIDS in
2007
Western &
Central Europe
80008000
[4800 – 17 000][4800 – 17 000]
Middle East & North
Africa
27 00027 000
[20 000 – 35 000][20 000 – 35 000]
Sub-Saharan
Africa
1.5 million1.5 million
[1.3 – 1.7 million][1.3 – 1.7 million]
Eastern Europe
& Central Asia
58 00058 000
[41 000 – 88 000][41 000 – 88 000]
South & South-East
Asia
340 000340 000
[230 000 – 450 000][230 000 – 450 000]
Oceania
10001000
[<1000 – 1400][<1000 – 1400]
North America
23 00023 000
[9100 – 55 000][9100 – 55 000]
Latin America
63 00063 000
[49 000 – 98 000][49 000 – 98 000]
East Asia
40 00040 000
[24 000 – 63 000][24 000 – 63 000]Caribbean
14 00014 000
[11 000 – 16 000][11 000 – 16 000]
Total: 2.0 million (1.8 – 2.3 million)
www.indiandentalacademy.com
9. HIV/AIDS in India
People living with HIV/AIDS in 2007- 2.4 million
Adult (>/=15 years) HIV prevalence - 0.3%.
Highest prevalence rates in south & north-east.
Four southern states – approx. 63% of all people
living with HIV in India.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
11. Total HIV positive population – app. 10,000.
Prevalence among antenatal mothers has dropped
from 0.25% (2006) to 0% (2007).
UT of PUDUCHERRY
www.indiandentalacademy.com
13. OBJECTIVES
Become familiar with some of the oral
manifestations that may present in HIV
positive individuals.
Attempt diagnosing HIV infection based on
oral lesions, when complex investigations
are not available.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
21. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Navazesh M (2001)
Adults – Chr. herpetic ulcers, HZ,OHL, KS.
Paediatric pts – Candidiasis, HS ulcers, parotid
enlargement.
Less common - papilloma, periodontal diseases.
Badri M et al (2001)
S.African HIV-infected pts; found OHL/OC were
independently associated with hazard of AIDS and death,
thus can be used as a cost-effective tool for screening
patients in therapeutic interventions in resource-limited
settings.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
22. Campo J et al (2002)
assessed 156 HIV-
infected patients and found
that high viral load (>10,000
copies/ml) and low CD4+
count (<200) were associated
with more frequent oral
candidiasis, indicating that
OC could be a useful clinical
marker.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
23. Miziera and Weber (2006)
prospectively evaluated 124 Brazilian HIV-infected
patients who used HAART for a minimum of six months
and considered OC a clinical marker of immune failure in
patients undergoing HAART.
Ranganathan K and Hemalatha R (2006)
evaluated oral manifestations in developing countries;
found considerable regional variations.
OC-commonest;
KS, salivary gl disease - Afr & Latin Am;
Histoplasmosis- Thailand.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
24. DISCUSSION
Most reviews consider candidiasis to be the commonestMost reviews consider candidiasis to be the commonest
and also a clinical marker.and also a clinical marker.
Vaseliu et al (2002) – OHL often associated with OC.Vaseliu et al (2002) – OHL often associated with OC.
Frezzini et al (2005) – Decreased prevalence of oralFrezzini et al (2005) – Decreased prevalence of oral
lesions due to ART.lesions due to ART.
OVERALL PREVALENCE OF THE DISEASE IS ALARMING.
REPRESENTS ONLY
THE TIP of THE ICEBERG.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
25. IMPORTANCE OF ORAL CAVITY.
ORAL HEALTH IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF PHYSICAL AND
MENTAL HEALTH.
PATIENT EDUCATION.
CLOSE COLLABORATION AMONG MEDICAL AND DENTAL
PERSONNEL IS DESIRABLE TO FULFILL THE ROLE OF
“ORAL PHYSICIAN IN HEALTH CARE”.
CONCLUSION
www.indiandentalacademy.com
26. DIAGNOSIS IS NOT THE END,DIAGNOSIS IS NOT THE END,
BUT THE BEGINNING OFBUT THE BEGINNING OF
PRACTICE….!PRACTICE….!
-- MARTIN H.MARTIN H.
FISCHERFISCHERwww.indiandentalacademy.com
27. THANK YOU
“and as we let our own light shine,
we unconsciously give other people
permission to do the same. As we are
liberated from our own fear, our
presence automatically liberates
others”.
Nelson MandelaNelson Mandela
www.indiandentalacademy.com